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문법‧어법‧어휘 모의고사

PART 1 어법·어휘

01 문장과 동사

적중 실전 예제 01

001 모의평가 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

I was working at a nursing home. It was late in the evening ① when I finished, so I ran down the street to the bus stop. I enjoyed the ride home and watched my fellow passengers ② got off at their stops. After a while, I was the only one ③ left on the bus. As the bus reached my stop, the driver called out to me, “Where do you live?” I explained to him ④ that I lived just up the next street. He then offered to drop me off outside my house. I was very grateful for his offer. I thanked the bus driver and walked to my door, ⑤ knowing that I would never forget his kindness.

002 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Apologizing is a powerful thing. It can heal relationships and mend broken hearts. When you (A) apologize / apologize to someone, you give him or her a great gift. By saying you’re sorry, you can let that person (B) know / to know that you truly regret what you did. It is also a way of showing respect and expressing to others that you care about how they feel. Because of this, apologizing is your best tool for fixing whatever you have broken. It can be used to calm feelings of anger, to prevent misunderstandings, and (C) to bridge / bridging distances between you and other people.

(A)            (B)         (C)

① apologize	······ know    ······ bridging

② apologize	······ to know ······ bridging

③ apologize to ······ know    ······ to bridge

④ apologize to ······ know    ······ bridging

⑤ apologize to ······ to know ······ to bridge

003 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Have you ever wondered why marathon runners wrap themselves in silver blankets after races? Once they stop running, their body temperature drops, but those blankets help them control it. The blankets were actually developed by NASA. In 1973, one of NASA’s space stations had a broken heat shield, and temperatures inside were (A) approaching / approaching to 54℃. To fix this, NASA created a shield that reflected the heat and allowed the spacecraft’s temperature (B) remain / to remain normal. The material they used also has the ability to keep heat in because it can reflect body heat back towards the body. This makes it (C) invaluable / invaluably to runners trying to stay warm after races.

(A)              (B)          (C)

① approaching    ······ remain    ······ invaluable

② approaching    ······ to remain ······ invaluable

③ approaching    ······ to remain ······ invaluably

④ approaching to ······ remain    ······ invaluably

⑤ approaching to ······ to remain ······ invaluable

004 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

A political speech is sometimes called a “stump speech.” This term originated in America in the 1800s, when politicians ① would travel from place to place while campaigning. In order for the audience to see and hear well, the politicians often stood on a tree stump. They typically delivered the same speech everywhere, explaining their plans and ② sharing their beliefs about America. ③ Although this made stump speeches repetitive, people were unlikely to hear a speech more than once. However, this ④ has changed significantly since the arrival of television and the Internet, making it easy to watch several speeches from the same candidate. Today, the repetition in a candidate’s speeches can make people ⑤ to think that he or she lacks fresh ideas.

02 수 일치

적중 실전 예제 02

005 모의평가 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

I was returning to my car after buying groceries. In the back seat of the car next to mine (A) was / were two sweet little boys. The windows of the car were down, and the doors were unlocked. In a busy parking lot of a large shopping center, these boys had (B ) left / been left completely alone in the car. The boys kept getting in and out of the car, and could easily have been hit by another car. So, I quickly wrote a note about my concerns, and put (C) it / them on the front seat.

(A)         (B)        (C)

① was  ······ left       ······ it

② was  ······ been left ······ them

③ were ······ left      ······ it

④ were ······ been left ······ it

⑤ were ······ been left ······ them

006 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

In the past, all family decisions were made by the parents. But these days, children have more of a voice. They often make their opinions known about ① what they want their parents to buy. This is called “pester power,” ② which refers to their ability to influence their parents’ purchasing decisions. Marketers understand what a powerful force it can be. In many families, both parents work. ③ This means they are very busy, but have more money to spend. Therefore, they often buy things to substitute for time ④ spent with their children. Because of this, industry spending on advertising to children ⑤ have exploded in recent years.

007 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

When photography was first invented, French painter Paul Delaroche declared, “From today, painting is dead.” However, this technological innovation ended up greatly (A) expand / expanding the possibilities of art. Photography allowed viewers to see the world through images that captured light and movement in ways that (B) was / were impossible with traditional painting techniques. Many artists started using cameras to capture their subjects and then produced paintings based on the photographs. Photography also led to the development of new painting styles, including impressionism, cubism, surrealism, and more. Like photography, all of these styles (C) involve / involves the presentation of reality in a new way.

*cubism: 입체파

(A)         (B)       (C)

① expand    ······ was  ······ involve

② expand    ······ were ······ involves

③ expanding ······ was  ······ involve

④ expanding ······ were ······ involve

⑤ expanding ······ were ······ involves

008 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

People often think of color as simply a property of light, because the colors we see ① are determined by the wavelength of light that hits our retinas. But color is also a property of the way our eyes work. Each eye ② contains three receptors, one for each of the three basic colors — red, blue, and green. These basic colors combine ③ to make the millions of colors that are seen by most of us. People with receptors that don’t work properly ④ have difficulty seeing certain colors. Therefore, it is safe to say that the number of colors we can see ⑤ depend on the ability level of our eyes.

*retina: 망막

**receptor: 수용체

03 시제

적중 실전 예제 03

009 모의평가 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

A driver saw two men carrying heavy bags on a lonely country road. This reminded him of the news (A) what / that he had heard on the radio : two thieves stopped a train and stole mailbags full of money. He at once called the police. The police soon arrived on the scene and arrested them. They questioned (B) both / each men but neither of them could speak English. They just kept shouting loudly at the police. Later, the police realized that they (C) have made / had made a terrible mistake. The men were French onionsellers and their bags were full of onions!

(A)       (B)         (C)

① what ······ each ······ have made

② what ······ both ······ had made

③ that ······ each ······ have made

④ that ······ both ······ have made

⑤ that ······ both ······ had made

010 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

Since the 1970s, alternative schools ① were established to help students who have trouble learning in traditional classrooms. These problems can be due to medical conditions, learning disabilities, or psychological issues. Along with academics, these schools focus on ② building self - confidence and enhancing social skills. Their programs are more flexible, which means students can find classes that ③ fit their particular needs. Although they used to be aimed at poorly behaved students and those who were thinking of quitting school, the focus of alternative schools ④ has widened in recent years. People have begun to realize ⑤ that a traditional learning environment simply doesn't suit every student.

011 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

The Lighthouse of Alexandria ① is one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. It was constructed from light - colored stone, and lead was used to strengthen the walls and ② protect them from crashing waves. At the top, a mirror was placed to reflect sunlight, and according to some stories, it was used to set enemy ships on fire. Although there is no proof that this was done, recent experiments ③ have shown that it would have been possible. The lighthouse ④ has remained in use until it was mostly destroyed by earthquakes in the early fourteenth century. Afterwards, some of its remains were used to construct the Fort of Qaitbay, which now ⑤ stands in its place.

*Fort of Qaitbay: 카이트베이 요새

012 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Sam Van Aken, a sculptor and art professor, has created a remarkable tree that can produce forty different types of fruit as part of his vision to make natural art (A) that / what transforms itself. He creates various multi - fruit trees by grafting branches from different trees together. (B) Despite / While this requires great precision, the process is not so complicated. He removes part of a fruit tree that includes buds and places it into a matching cut in a host tree. Then, he uses electrical tape to hold the parts together. If it (C) works / will work, these different parts will connect so that they share the same vascular system, and a multi - fruit tree will be born.

*vascular system: (식물) 관다발계

(체내 물질 이동이나 식물체를 지지하는 부분)

(A)       (B)        (C)

① that ······ Despite  ······ works

② that ······ While    ······ works

③ that ······ While    ······ will work

④ what ······ Despite  ······ will work

⑤ what ······ While   ······ works

04 수동태

적중 실전 예제 04

013 모의평가 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

The US space agency NASA is currently on the Hundred Years Starship, a project of exploring new habitable planets and ① helping people settle down there. If settlers succeed in making ② another planet their home, it will become one of the most revolutionary events in history. ③ Assumed to have a substantial amount of water, Mars is probably most habitable out of all the planets in our solar system. However, this project would take time since the cost will make a return flight to Earth almost ④ impossible. Although the living supplies for the settlers would ⑤ send from Earth, taking the risk of exchanging life for dreams is tough.

014 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

These days, organ transplants extend the lives of many people. The first organ transplant (A) performed / was performed in South Africa in 1967 by Dr. Christian Barnard. The heart of a young woman was placed in the body of a 55 - year- old man. Unfortunately, he lived for less than 20 days after the operation. Since that time, however, thousands of organ transplants (B) was / have been carried out successfully. But sometimes a person’s body doesn't accept the new organ and (C) act / acts as if it were a dangerous invader. To avoid this situation, hospitals try to match the blood and tissue type of the organ receiver to those of the organ donor. For this reason, close relatives are often chosen as organ donors.

(A)               (B)         (C)

① performed     ······ was       ······ act

② performed     ······ have been ······ acts

③ was performed ······ was        ····· acts

④ was performed ······ have been ······ act

⑤ was performed ······ have been ······ acts

015 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Nairobi National Park is a wildlife park in Kenya, approximately eight kilometers outside of Nairobi. It (A) is / was established in 1946 and covers about 117 square kilometers. In the park, a variety of wild animals can be seen (B) move / moving across the open plains. These include rhinos, lions, leopards, cheetahs, and giraffes. There are also a number of interesting species of birds that make the park their home. For these reasons, Nairobi National Park has become a popular destination for visitors. Throughout the year, many tourists from across the world (C) come / comes to the park to enjoy its amazing sights.

(A)       (B)        (C)

① is   ······ move   ······ comes

② is   ······ moving ······ come

③ was ······ move   ······ come

④ was ······ moving ······ come

⑤ was ······ moving ······ comes

016 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

If you have white sugar at home, there is a good chance ① that it was made from beets. In fact, about 30% of the world’s sugar supply comes from beets. In the 1500s, humans realized that beets could be a source of sugar. However, it took several hundred years for a variety with a reliably high sugar content ② to cultivate. One of the biggest advantages of beet sugar is that beets ③ can be grown in temperate climates. This makes them an attractive alternative to sugar cane, which ④ requires expensive tropical land. Beet sugar is also ⑤ much easier to produce. It requires very simple processing at just one facility, while producing sugar from sugar cane involves two separate processes.

중간점검 TEST 01

017 모의평가 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

If you were a baseball fan ① during the early 1960s, you probably remember a baseball player named Maury Wills. From 1960 to 1966, Wills was a record-making base stealer. In 1965, a year ② when he stole more bases than any other player in the major leagues, he also held the record for the greatest number of times being caught stealing. However, if Wills had allowed himself ③ to become frustrated by his outs, he would have never set any records. Thomas Edison said, “I’m not ④ discouraged because every wrong attempt discarded is another step forward.” Even though it is five thousand experiments that do not work, the milestones on the road to success ⑤ is always the failures.

018 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Opossums are relatives of kangaroos and koala bears. Each of these animals (A) has / have a pouch in which they keep their babies. Newborn opossum babies are no bigger than a honey bee. They stay in their mother’s pouch for about three months. After that, they climb out and ride on their mother’s back. Although they have (B) many / much sharp teeth, when attacked, opossums defend themselves by pretending to be dead. They’ll sometimes stay like this for hours, until their attacker (C) goes / will go away. Because of their many predators, including coyotes and owls, few opossums survive to become adults, and they generally only live for one or two years.

*opossum: 주머니쥐

(A)        (B)       (C)

① has  ······ much ······ goes

② has  ······ many ······ goes

③ has  ······ many ······ will go

④ have ······ many ······ goes

⑤ have ······ much ······ will go

019 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

The literary genre called “hardboiled fiction” (A) adopts / to adopt features such as settings and character types from standard crime fiction. It originates from the romantic tradition that often dealt with emotions like anxiety, terror, and awe. Hardboiled fiction differs from this tradition, though, in that the main character has a cynical attitude toward those emotions. The typical main character in hardboiled fiction is a detective who deals with the violent organized crime of the Prohibition while at the same time (B) worked / working within a corrupt legal system. Witnessing a continuous cycle of violence and injustice brings out the character’s cynical attitude. This attitude (C) conveys / is conveyed through the main character’s internal monologue, in which he explains directly to the reader how he feels.

*Prohibition: 금주법 시행 시대

(A)         (B)           (C)

① adopts  ······ worked   ······ conveys

② adopts  ······ worked   ······ is conveyed

③ adopts  ······ working  ······ is conveyed

④ to adopt ······ worked  ······ conveys

⑤ to adopt ······ working ······ is conveyed

020 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

The Atomic Gardening Society ① was founded in the 1950s. The purpose of this movement was to find beneficial uses for atomic energy following the devastating atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Members of the society were encouraged to grow plants from seeds that ② had irradiated so that beneficial mutations would arise. Responding to this movement, a laboratory in the US created atomic gardens ③ where plants were grown in concentric circles around a radioactive source. Although the plants near the center usually died, ④ those farthest away occasionally developed beneficial mutations. Mutated plant varieties can still be found today. In fact, 70 percent of the peppermint sold in the US ⑤ is descended from an irradiated plant.

021 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

The Netherlands is a small, (A) heavy / heavily populated European nation. It is also one of the countries facing the greatest danger from climate change. Because it is in a low-lying area, rising sea levels may cause serious flooding. Meanwhile, there is a high demand for land, as most property that can be used for construction (B) have / has already been taken. One company, however, thinks it has the answer: floating homes built on hollow concrete cubes. These homes are (C) attaching / attached to the river bottom by long poles, on which the homes can safely slide up or down during any extreme changes in the water level. This innovative idea is already attracting attention from around the world.

(A)        (B)        (C)

① heavy  ······ have ······ attaching

② heavy  ······ has  ······ attached

③ heavily ······ have ······ attached

④ heavily ······ has  ······ attached

⑤ heavily ······ has  ······ attaching

022 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

The characteristics of your veins are unique, just like your fingerprints. There are many advantages to using veins as a form of ① identification. Many of our veins cannot be seen through our skin, which makes them hard to copy. Furthermore, they undergo ② little change as we grow older. Another advantage is that using a vein recognition system is ③ simple. You just place your hand or wrist on a scanner. A camera then takes a picture using near-infrared light. Because your blood’s hemoglobin ④ absorbs light, your veins show up as black lines on the picture. Based on the shape and location of your veins, your identity can be quickly ⑤ disproved.

023 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?

After years of studying elephants, scientists have (A) concluded / included that they do indeed have excellent memories. This is due to the fact that they have a highly developed sense of smell. Elephants are able to easily (B) distinguish / extinguish between the urine scents of relatives, even if they’ve been separated for years. This helps them stay together in large herds. In fact, the primary purpose of an elephant’s memory is survival. They tend to remember only important information, such as where food is located and who is part of their family. Unimportant experiences are quickly forgotten, while essential facts are (C) preserved / reserved to be recalled when needed.

(A)           (B)            (C)

① concluded ······ distinguish ······ preserved

② concluded ······ distinguish ······ reserved

③ concluded ······ extinguish  ······ preserved

④ included   ······ distinguish ······ preserved

⑤ included   ······ extinguish ······ reserved

05 to부정사와 동명사

적중 실전 예제 05

024 모의평가 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

Skateboarding is one of the best ways to replace snowboarding when there is no snow. They are almost the same in that the actions include riding and performing tricks ① using a board. However, the difference is that in skateboarding, the asphalt tends to hurt ② much more than snow when you fall on the ground. Be sure to wear protective equipment such as a helmet, wrist guards, and elbow pads even if your friends point and ③ laugh. Skate parks provide the safe environment without cars ④ keep your board skills improving. Also, a long downward road without cross streets could be the perfect area ⑤ where you practice basic skills.

025 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Each year, thousands of tourists visit Madrid’s Museum of Prado. Now, it has opened a unique exhibit that is sure to draw many more. It features textured, 3D recreations of many of the greatest masterpieces of Western art. This will enable the blind (A) enjoying / to enjoy these beloved works through touch. The technique used to create the copies involves (B) enhancing / to enhance a photograph of a painting to express its physical features, printing it with a special printer, and finally treating it with chemicals for 12 hours to give it texture. The copies’ raised surfaces make it easier for blind people to perceive and (C) creating / to create mental images of these great works of art.

(A)          (B)            (C)

① enjoying ······ enhancing  ······ creating

② enjoying ······ to enhance ······ to create

③ to enjoy ······ enhancing  ······ creating

④ to enjoy ······ enhancing  ······ to create

⑤ to enjoy ······ to enhance ······ to create

026 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

In Copenhagen, there is a 235-meter-long bicycle bridge called the “Cykelslangen” that ① provides a safe route through a busy area to more than 12,000 cyclists every day. Instead of just ② designing a simple ramp, the architectural firm that designed the Cykelslangen made a four - meter - wide bridge that leaves cyclists plenty of room. And ③ because the surface of the bridge is bright orange, cyclists can clearly see the path that they should follow. The architects also placed the support columns 17 meters apart in order ④ for the pedestrians below to have a clear walking path. The Cykelslangen proves that it is possible for cyclists and pedestrians ⑤ coexisting peacefully.

*ramp: (높이가 다른 도로·건물 등을 연결하는) 경사로

027 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

The goal of the Homeless World Cup is to help the homeless (A) turn / turning their lives around, using soccer to get them started. It’s an annual international tournament that gives homeless soccer players a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity (B) represent / to represent their country on the playing field. Made up of projects in more than 60 countries, this program has given thousands of homeless people a new start in life. More than 70% of the athletes involved report improvements in their lives, such as coming off drugs, finding jobs, reuniting with friends and family, and even (C) go / going on to play or coach soccer professionally.

(A)           (B)          (C)

① turn    ······ represent    ······ go

② turn    ······ to represent ······ go

③ turn    ······ to represent ······ going

④ turning ······ represent    ······ going

⑤ turning ······ to represent ······ going

06 분사와 분사구문

적중 실전 예제 06

028 모의평가 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

One way to make a pursuer work harder is to zigzag. A rabbit running from a coyote, for example, does not run endlessly in a straight line. Instead, it moves quickly back and forth, (A) forcing / forced the coyote to change direction and make sharp turns, too. Zigzagging is easier for a rabbit, which is small, than for the larger coyote. The coyote also cannot tell (B) what / when the rabbit will run this way or that, so it cannot plan its next move. In this way, the rabbit makes the chase more (C) difficult / difficultly and tiring for the coyote. Though a coyote may still succeed in catching its prey, there is a chance that it may tire out, give up, and go look for an easier meal.

(A)        (B)        (C)

① forcing ······ what ······ difficult

② forcing ······ when ······ difficult

③ forcing ······ when ······ difficultly

④ forced  ······ what ······ difficultly

⑤ forced  ······ when ······ difficult

029 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

In the Netherlands, an organization ① called the Ambulance Wish Foundation is doing great work by helping terminally ill patients fulfill their last wishes. ② Run by 200 medically trained volunteers, it brings patients to places they would be unable to visit without specially equipped ambulances. Recently, the Foundation has received international attention because of the story of Mario, who is mostly ③ paralyzed and suffers from terminal brain cancer. ④ Volunteering for more than 25 years at the Rotterdam Zoo, Mario wanted to see the animals he ⑤ had cared for one last time. When the Foundation reunited them, many of the animals recognized him. One giraffe even gave him a big kiss!

030 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Mud lions are geographic features that appear in deserts. When winds (A) packed / packing with rough sand repeatedly blow against rock, they create these interesting shapes. For mud lions to form, specific conditions must be met. It must be hot and dry, and the wind has to blow consistently from one direction. Such conditions are found in many parts of Africa, especially in the deserts of Egypt, (B) which / where mud lions are common. Mud lions are sometimes called natural Sphinxes, because they usually develop a tapered shape, with one side (C) become / becoming much narrower than the other. Some historians even believe that Egyptian stoneworkers may have carved the Sphinx by improving on an already - existing mud lion.

*taper: (폭이) 점점 가늘어지다

(A)         (B)       (C)

① packed  ······ which ······ become

② packed  ······ where ······ become

③ packed  ······ where ······ becoming

④ packing ······ which  ······ become

⑤ packing ······ where  ······ becoming

031 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

① Derived from the Latin phrase pro bono publico, meaning “for the public good,” the term “pro bono” refers to professional work ② undertaking as a free public service. Most lawyers, for example, are required to provide a certain amount of free service to either people in need ③ or charitable organizations. Pro bono services are also increasingly seen in other types of businesses, including marketing and technology firms. The primary difference between standard volunteering and pro bono work ④ is that highly desirable professional skills are being offered to those who are not usually able to afford ⑤ them.

07 조동사와 가정법

적중 실전 예제 07

032 모의평가 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

On a cold winter morning in a busy subway station, there was a young man (A) playing / played his violin with great passion. He played for almost an hour, but it seemed that hardly anyone recognized him. Most people were busily hurrying along and probably thought he was just another musician trying to make money. Even though most of the passers-by were most likely rushing to work, the scene might (B) be / have been quite different if they had known that the young musician was Tony Adamson, a world famous violinist. However, those who showed any surprise or appreciation of their good fortune (C) was / were few and far between.

(A)        (B)          (C)

① playing ······ be        ······ was

② playing ······ have been ······ were

③ played ······ be         ······ were

④ played ······ have been ······ were

⑤ played ······ be         ······ was

033 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

An understudy is an actor or actress ① who learns a lead role in order to step in if the lead performer is sick or injured. Since ② being an understudy requires mastering the lead part while receiving very little pay, it is not an easy job. For an aspiring actor or actress, though, this can be the first step in a long and successful career. Understudies have the opportunity ③ to make valuable networking connections by working closely with well - known performers. Also, were an understudy called on to fill in for a performance, he or she ④ would have received invaluable exposure. The famous actor Anthony Hopkins got his big debut ⑤ as an understudy to Laurence Olivier when Olivier was sick with appendicitis!

*appendicitis: 맹장

034 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

Saccharin is a common sugar substitute. It ① was discovered in 1879 when a chemist failed to wash up before leaving the laboratory. He had been trying to find ② interesting uses for coal tar, and had the material on his hands. When he ate a roll for dinner, he noticed it tasted surprisingly ③ sweet. He asked his wife if she ④ had done anything different when making the rolls, but she said she had not. The chemist realized the sweetness ⑤ should have come from a chemical in the coal tar on his hands. This chemical turned out to be saccharin.

035 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Research on the skeletons of ancient people found that some of them (A) used to / were used to clean their teeth by chewing on a bitter-tasting weed called purple nutsedge. After human diets started to incorporate more grains and less meat, oral bacteria became a serious health problem for most ancient people. But less than one percent of the teeth taken from the remains of farmers who had chewed on purple nutsedge (B) showed / to show signs of decay. Further experiments have determined that purple nutsedge extracts do indeed help fight oral bacteria. This is the first (C) knowing / known instance of people using plants to promote oral health.

*nutsedge: 사초과의 여러해살이풀, 향부자

(A)              (B)         (C)

① used to      ····· showed ······ knowing

② used to      ······ to show ······ known

③ used to      ······ showed ······ known

④ were used to ······ to show ······ known

⑤ were used to ······ to show ······ knowing

08 명사와 대명사

적중 실전 예제 08

036 모의평가 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

Suppose, on your wedding day, your best man delivers a heart-warming, moving toast that makes you ① cry. You later learn he didn’t write it himself but bought it online. Then, would the toast mean less than it ② did at first, before you knew it was written by a paid professional? Most people would agree the bought wedding toast has less value than an authentic ③ it. Although a bought toast might “work” in the sense of achieving its desired effect, that effect might depend on deception. That is, if you ④ purchased a moving masterpiece of a toast online, you would probably cover it up! If a bought toast depends for its effect on concealing its origin, that’s a reason to suspect it’s a corrupt version of the real thing. Wedding toasts are goods ⑤ that can, in a sense, be bought. But buying and selling them diminishes their value.

037 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

The number of people choosing to take investment advice from computer algorithms instead of people (A) is / are increasing. This is attributable to the belief that robo investors can provide sound financial advice at a cost significantly lower than (B) that / those of human advisers. One of their big advantages is that they eliminate emotions like fear and greed. However, some fund managers now claim that by using big data and behavioral finance techniques, they can eliminate emotional biases and help clients to invest more (C) wise / wisely than a computer ever could.

(A)      (B)       (C)

① is  ······ that   ······ wise

② is  ······ that   ······ wisely

③ is  ······ those  ······ wise

④ are ······ those ······ wise

⑤ are ······ those ······ wisely

038 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

In  recent  years, (A) a number of / an amount of products containing a substance known as “propolis” have been released on the market. Taken from beehives, propolis is a substance which bees collect from trees. It comes in many forms, including tablets, capsules, and powder (B) selling / sold in health stores. Propolis can also be found in honey. It has traditionally been used to prevent infections and other illnesses. Studies suggest it helps fight bacteria and viruses when applied directly to the skin. But there are (C) a few / a little things to remember when using propolis. Don’t put it in or near your eyes. Also, using it repeatedly may make you more prone to developing allergies.

(A)           (B)        (C)

① a number of ······ selling  ······ a few

② a number of ······ sold    ······ a few

③ a number of ······ sold    ······ a little

④ an amount of ······ selling ······ a little

⑤ an amount of ······ sold   ······ a few

039 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

① While stepping into a full bath, the ancient Greek scientist Archimedes observed how his action caused the water to rise up and overflow. He concluded that the volume of water displaced from the tub was equal to ② that of the object submerged. He is said ③ to have been so excited about his discovery that he ran out naked into the street. What Archimedes had realized was that a solid object displaces liquid in order to make room ④ in itself. This displacement causes something called “buoyant force,” which pushes up against a solid object submerged in liquid. This is the reason you feel ⑤ lighter when you walk through water.

중간점검 TEST 02

040 모의평가 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

Julie and I work at a hair salon. While we were busy ① cutting our clients’ hair, Julie said to me, “I’m having trouble with my car, but it’s hard to find someone reliable ② to repair it.” “A car mechanic isn’t much ③ different from a doctor,” I said. “You pay them to correct your problem, but there’s no guarantee ④ that it’s fixed.” ⑤ Realized that I could have offended someone, I leaned over to Julie’s client and asked, “You’re not a mechanic, are you?” “No,” came the irritated reply, “I’m a doctor.”

*guarantee: 보장

041 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

While staying at a hotel in Honolulu, my key card stopped working, so I visited the front desk to have it (A) reactivate / reactivated. The woman there insisted that I provide identification, but I had left my driver’s license in my room. She refused to accept my credit card, which I had paid for my room with, as a form of ID. Then, she demanded that security (B) accompany / accompanied me to get my driver’s license. I said I was being mistreated and demanded a refund, and she thankfully agreed right away without (C) require / requiring any ID from me. But, I wanted to complain to the manager anyway. I asked her for the number, and she gave me the wrong one!

(A)             (B)           (C)

① reactivate  ······ accompany   ······ requiring

② reactivate  ······ accompanied ······ require

③ reactivated ······ accompany  ······ require

④ reactivated ······ accompany  ······ requiring

⑤ reactivated ······ accompanied ······ requiring

042 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

In the past, farmers used crossbreeding ① to improve their crops. Unfortunately, it’s a slow and difficult process. Nowadays, however, scientists have created an easier way — bioengineering. They take genes from one plant and insert them directly into ② other. This allows changes to be made faster and more precisely. Rice, for example, ③ has been modified with a daffodil gene to give it extra vitamin A. This helps people who don’t get enough vitamin A in their diet. But not everyone ④ thinks bioengineering is a good thing. Some people fear that plants with new genes ⑤ forced into them will crossbreed with wild plants and upset the ecosystem.

043 (A), (B), (C) 의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Pretzels have been traced back to Europe in the seventh century. It is said that they were created by a monk who shaped dough to resemble a person’s arms (A) crossing / crossed in prayer. Called pretiola, which means “little prayers,” they were given to children as a reward for learning their prayers. In the middle of the nineteenth century, an American baker was given the recipe for pretzels by a homeless man he had helped. This soon led him (B) open / to open America’s first pretzel bakery, which still exists today. In 2003, April 26 was declared National Pretzel Day, (C) honoring / honored the pretzel and its history.

(A)          (B)          (C)

① crossing ······ open    ······ honoring

② crossing ······ to open ······ honored

③ crossed ······ open    ······ honored

④ crossed ······ to open ······ honoring

⑤ crossed ······ to open ······ honored

044 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

Stars are so far away ① that they seem like twinkling points of light. But if we went to the moon and looked at them, we ② would see something different. They wouldn't twinkle! The reason is that the moon has no air. Light bends when it passes through air; and it bends ③ differently depending on the air’s temperature. The starlight you see from Earth’s surface has passed through several kilometers of air — some of it warm, some of it cool. Therefore, it bends in different ways on ④ its way through Earth’s atmosphere. These changes are just enough ⑤ of you to notice, and you see them as twinkling.

045 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Public art is any sort of art found in a public place rather than a galley or a museum. The most common (A) forms / formations of public art are monuments and memorials. A broader definition of the term, however, can include architecture, graffiti, some types of lighting, and performance art, such as dance or street theater. It is difficult to measure the impact of public art, but its (B) value / valuation shouldn't be under-estimated. It brings beauty to public spaces and has the power to inspire us. It can also express a city’s ideals and beliefs. In short, public art can give a community a sense of (C) identity / identification.

(A)           (B)          (C)

① forms     ······ value    ······ identity

② forms     ······ value    ······ identification

③ forms     ······ valuation ······ identity

④ formations ······ value    ······ identification

⑤ formations ······ valuation ······ identification

046 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

The trend of voluntourism, combining vacations and volunteer work, has gained ① population since the 2004 Asian tsunami. The work done on these vacations depends on the ② destination. Some volunteers ③ perform environmental work such as replanting forests, while others help construct homes, schools, or hospitals. There is no pay for this work, but there are some ④ privileges that come with it. The volunteers are often given discounts at hotels and restaurants. More importantly, they get to do things that are rarely offered on traditional vacations, such as learning about the local culture while they ⑤ interact with local residents.

09 관계사

적중 실전 예제 09

047 모의평가 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

It’s important to remember that good decisions can still lead to bad outcomes. Here is an example. Soon after I got out of school, I ① was offered a job. I wasn't sure that was a great fit for me. After carefully considering the opportunity, I decided to ② turn it down. I thought that I would be able to find another job ③ what was a better match. Unfortunately, the economy soon grew worse quickly and I spent months ④ looking for another job. I kicked myself for ⑤ not taking that position, which started to look more and more appealing. I had made a good decision, based upon all the information I had at the time, but in the short run it didn't lead to a great outcome.

048 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

In the US, the day after Thanksgiving, known as Black Friday, is usually the (A) busier / busiest shopping day of the year. As it is considered the start of the gift - giving season, many stores open as early as 5 am, and provide large discounts on (B) its / their products. The name dates back to the 1970s, and many people claim it refers to the fact that stores often begin to make a profit around the holiday season. In the days (C) which / when accountants kept records by hand, they used red ink to show losses and black ink to show profits. Therefore, to be “in the red” meant you were losing money, while a store “in the black” was making a profit.

(A)       (B)       (C)

① busier ······ its    ······ which

② busier ······ their  ······ which

③ busiest ······ its   ······ when

④ busiest ······ their ······ which

⑤ busiest ······ their ······ when

049 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

A person who chooses to avoid using or (A) to consume / consuming animal products is known as a vegan. Like vegetarians, vegans don’t eat meat. But they also avoid dairy products, eggs, and products made from fur, leather, or wool. It sounds difficult, but being a vegan is easier than you might imagine. Some people adopt a vegan diet slowly, beginning with plant - based foods (B) which / whose taste resembles meat, such as beans. Others remove animal products from their diet and replace them with plant foods (C) which / with which they’re familiar. However you make the transition, you’ll be surprised to find how many delicious foods are suitable for a vegan diet.

(A)           (B)         (C)

① to consume ······ which ······ which

② to consume ······ which ······ with which

③ consuming ······ whose ······ with which

④ consuming ······ whose ······ which

⑤ consuming ······ which ······ with which

050 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

Vietnam’s Ha Long Bay has become more well known since 2007, ① when it was named one of the “new” seven wonders of nature. However, not many people know the origin of its name. According to legend, long ago, foreign aggressors tried to invade Vietnam and ② attack the Vietnamese people. However, the Jade Emperor sent Mother Dragon and her children ③ to protect them. The dragons spat out pearls ④ that changed into stone islands, blocking the attack and smashing the enemy ships. To honor the help of Mother Dragon, the bay ⑤ which she came down was named “Ha Long,” which is ancient Vietnamese for “descending dragon.”

10 형용사·부사·비교 구문

적중 실전 예제 10

051 모의평가 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

The Republic of South Africa is a country located at the southern tip of Africa, with a 2,798 km coastline on the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. To the north (A) lay / lie Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe; to the east are Mozambique and Swaziland. This country is known for its diversity in languages. Eleven languages are (B) official / officially recognized. English is the most commonly spoken language in official and commercial public life; however, it is only the fifth most-spoken language at home. Although 79.5% of the South African population is black, the people are from various ethnic groups (C) speaking / spoken different Bantu languages.

(A)      (B)       (C)

① lay ······ official ······ spoken

② lay ······ officially ······ speaking

③ lie ······ officially ······ spoken

④ lie ······ officially ······ speaking

⑤ lie ······ official ······ spoken

052 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

Oasis of the Seas, the largest cruise ship in the world, can carry more than 6,000 passengers and 2,000 crew members. With a weight of 225,000 tons, it is 40% ① bigger than any other cruise ship. It is also ② as higher as a 20 - story building. It includes a theater and more than 20 restaurants, as well as a golf course and an ice rink for passengers ③ looking for some physical activity. There are even nurseries where parents can leave their kids ④ while they enjoy themselves. Although the cost of a cruise is quite expensive, ⑤ spending your vacation on such an amazing ship would surely be a memorable experience.

053 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Wetlands, which are covered with water either seasonally or year round, are vital to the environment. In addition to being home to more than 100,000 plant and animal species, wetlands are a major source of people’s daily water supply. Also, wetlands are the main growing areas for rice, which is an important source of food for (A) near / nearly half of the human population. Furthermore, wetlands help slow climate change by storing twice as (B) many / much carbon as all the forests in the world combined. Unfortunately, though, these areas are quickly disappearing. In fact, it has been reported that, since 1900, 64% of the planet’s wetlands (C) has / have been lost.

(A)       (B)       (C)

① near  ······ many ······ has

② near  ······ much ······ have

③ nearly ······ many ······ have

④ nearly ······ much ······ has

⑤ nearly ······ much ······ have

054 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

A growing number of European supermarkets are using the colors of traffic lights to help consumers make healthy choices. By looking at the labels on their products, you can easily tell if the food you are thinking about buying ① has healthy ingredients, helping you create a balanced diet. Red lights ② are found on foods that are high in fat, sugar, or salt. So if you see a red light on most of the packages in your shopping cart, you’ll know you should try ③ to keep an eye on what you’re eating. ④ A few red-light foods are okay, but too many can be bad for your health. And, of course, the more green lights in your shopping cart, ⑤ the healthiest your diet.

11 접속사와 전치사

적중 실전 예제 11

055 모의평가 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Three extremely important inventions came out of Mesopotamia: the wheel, the plow, and the sailboat. The wheel and the plow were possible (A) because / because of the availability of animal labor. Wheeled carts pulled by horses could transport more goods to market more quickly. Animals that pulled plows to turn the earth over for planting (B) was / were far more efficient than humans. The sail made it possible to trade with countries that could be reached only by sea. All three inventions made the cities of Mesopotamia powerful trading centers with as (C) much / many as 30,000 people each.

*plow: 쟁기

(A)        (B)      (C)

① because   ······ was ······ much

② because   ······ were ······ many

③ because of ······ were ······ many

④ because of ······ were ······ much

⑤ because of ······ was ······ much

056 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

Doping, the practice of using substances to enhance one’s performance, became increasingly common in sports ① while the 20th century. It not only makes competition unfair, ② but has also resulted in the deaths of many athletes. In order to address the issue of doping, the International Olympic Committee ③ set up the World Anti -Doping Agency (WADA) in 1999. Now, ④ as doping substances and methods become more sophisticated, WADA continues to develop protocols and tools to prevent athletes from getting an unfair advantage. Smartphones, for example, could be used in the near future. Athletes could be called and asked to place their finger on a device ⑤ connected to their phone that could provide useful detection information.

057 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Fertilizers that contain nitrogen have a negative impact on aquatic ecosystems. Heavy use of nitrogen fertilizers in agricultural areas (A) result / results in the chemicals flowing into waterways. This nitrogen pollution changes the ecosystems, leading to a decline in fish populations. Since nitrogen is a fertilizer, aquatic plant life, such as algae, increases, and eventually consumes (B) much / more oxygen than is available. These areas are known as dead zones, as there is not enough oxygen for most fish species to survive. (C) Although / Despite there are some natural dead zones, such as in the Black Sea, most of them are caused by nitrogen fertilizers.

*nitrogen: 질소

(A)          (B)         (C)

① result  ······ much ······ Despite

② result  ······ more ······ Although

③ results ······ much ······ Although

④ results ······ more ······ Despite

⑤ results ······ more ······ Although

058 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

Around 490 BC the Athenians established the practice of ostracism, which was intended to prevent too much power ① being concentrated in any individual. Ostracism was simple ② as well as effective. Once a year, the citizens of Athens would gather and be asked ③ that they thought any individual was in a position to establish a tyranny. If a majority voted “yes,” then they met again two months later. This time, each citizen could bring a piece of pottery called an ostrakon, ④ on which he had written the name of the person he thought was becoming too powerful. ⑤ As long as at least 6,000 votes were cast, the man who had received the most would be exiled from Athens for a decade.

12 주의할 구문

적중 실전 예제 12

059 모의평가 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Many people do not understand that hypnosis is a natural phenomenon. It is an altered state (A) which / what we frequently go into and out of. Some natural examples of hypnosis include highway hypnosis, where our sense of time and consciousness becomes altered. Have you ever taken a long trip and not (B) remembering / remembered a town you drove through? An illusion about time is a common trait of hypnotic states. Have you ever become so absorbed in a good book or a good movie that two hours rushed by (C) like / alike minutes? Being severely focused on something makes us enter a hypnotic state.

*hypnosis: 최면 ( 상태 )

(A)           (B)          (C)

① which ······ remembering ······ alike

② which ······ remembered ······ like

③ which ······ remembering ······ like

④ what  ······ remembered ······ alike

⑤ what  ······ remembering ······ alike

060 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

The Internet of Things (IoT) is enabling devices to share information with each other directly, making data collection and analysis ① faster than ever before. Although the IoT could have many interesting applications, nowhere ② it offers greater promise than in healthcare. ③ Hospitalized patients could be constantly monitored in noninvasive ways, as sensors could collect comprehensive health - related information, analyze the data, and automatically send it to doctors and nurses for review. This could eliminate the need for having a health professional ④ visit regularly to check on the patient’s condition. In this way, the IoT could both improve the quality of healthcare and ⑤ lower its cost.

*noninvasive: 비침습성의(침 · 관의 체내 삽입이 없는)

061 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

If you go north ① following the longitudinal lines on a map or a globe, then you are going “true north.” Compasses, however, point towards “magnetic north,” a point in far northern Canada ② that constantly shifts with the earth’s magnetic activity. The fluid iron in the earth’s core creates a magnetic field with one pole ③ pointed in the direction of magnetic north. Compasses work because their magnetized needle is designed to allow this field to ④ pull toward it magnetic north. Because the earth’s magnetic field isn’t perfectly aligned with the “true” north and south poles, the north that your compass points towards ⑤ is slightly different than the north shown on maps.

*longitudinal: 경도의; 세로의

**magnetic field: 자기장

062 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

The term “halal” is used to refer to something that is allowable under Islamic law. In Islamic countries, it is (A) wide / widely used in reference to various activities. In the West, however, it generally pertains only to food. According to the Koran, there are certain foods that cannot be eaten by Muslims, such as pork and animals that (B) have / have been beaten to death or killed by another animal. In fact, it is the way an animal is killed (C) that / what generally makes it acceptable. The death should be instant and painless, and a blessing must be made in order to make the food halal.

(A)         (B)        (C)

① wide  ······ have      ······ that

② wide  ······ have been ······ what

③ widely ······ have      ······ what

④ widely ······ have been ······ that

⑤ widely ······ have been ······ what

중간점검 TEST 03

063 모의평가 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

Late one Saturday evening, I was ① awakened by the ringing of my phone. In a sleepy voice I said, “Hello.” The party on the other end of the line paused for a moment before ② rushing into a long speech. “Mom, this is Susan and I’m sorry I woke you up, but I had to call because I’m going to be a little ③ lately getting home. The tire of Dad’s car just went flat while we were in the theater.” Since I don’t have any daughters, I knew the person ④ had misdialed. “I’m sorry,” I replied, “but I don’t have a daughter named Susan.” “Oh, Mom!” came the young woman’s voice, “I didn't think ⑤ that you’d be this angry.”

064 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Geothermal energy comes from steam or hot water within the earth. Temperatures at the center of the earth can reach 9,000°F. This heat moves outward from the earth’s core to the (A) surrounding / surrounded rock layer, known as the mantle. This causes the rock to melt in some places, moving upward through cracks in the earth’s crust. Eventually, it ends up near the earth’s surface. There, it can cause nearby water to become as (B) hot / hotter as 700°F. Some of this water rises up to the earth’s surface as geysers, but some of it remains trapped underground. This hot water can be used to turn special turbines (C) that / what create electricity.

*geothermal: 지열의

**geyser: 간헐 온천

(A)	(B)      (C)

① surrounding ······ hot ······ that

② surrounding ······ hot ······ what

③ surrounding ······ hotter ······ that

④ surrounded ······ hotter ······ what

⑤ surrounded ······ hot ······ what

065 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

It is commonly believed ① that extroverts are the best salespeople and introverts have little chance of closing a deal. However, a new study suggests that not only ② are these ideas incorrect, but there is another personality type that dominates the rest when it comes to sales. In the study, more than 300 salespeople took a personality survey. It turned out that the most successful salespeople were neither extroverts ③ nor introverts. They were those ④ whose were in between these two extremes. The reason for this result may be that people with moderate personalities have the positive traits of both introverts ⑤ and extroverts. They have more self-control than extroverts and are better able to keep their liveliness at an appropriate level.

066 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

A content curator is a person who sorts through the huge amount of information available online and (A) presents / presenting it in well-organized ways around particular themes. It is not simply about posting links or gathering information, though. It is more about looking for, interpreting, and distributing the most relevant and highest quality resources on a very specific theme for the general public. Also, there is no limit to what kind of digital information can (B) share / be shared. News articles, videos, pictures, and even songs can be gathered and presented, (C) since / as long as they relate to the topic of interest.

(A)           (B)            (C)

① presents   ······ share     ······ as long as

② presents   ······ be shared ······ since

③ presents   ······ be shared ······ as long as

④ presenting ······ share     ······ since

⑤ presenting ······ be shared ······ as long as

067 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

Many people think they eat more when they are bored than ① when being entertained. However, a recent study has shown that the opposite is true. In the study, two groups of college students sat in front of a TV and were supplied with various snacks, and researchers measured how many calories ② did they consume after 20 minutes. In one group, students watched a calm talk show and consumed an average of about 100 calories. But students in the other group, who watched part of an action movie, ate ③ twice that amount. It turns out that the amount of food people eat is affected not only just by their conscious choices, ④ but also by their surroundings. So if you eat dinner by yourself, you'll probably consume ⑤ fewer calories than you would at a table full of friends.

068 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?

The Chipko movement was started by Indian villagers in 1973. They protested in a non-violent (A) manner / manners against the destruction of a nearby forest. They would wrap their arms around the trees to stop workers from cutting them down. This is what gave the movement its name, as chipko means “embrace” in Hindi. Most of the Chipko activists were women from rural villages. They relied on the resources of the forest to survive, so they were (B) passionate / indifferent about protecting it. In 1980, the prime minister of India took note of their efforts, and issued an order (C) prohibiting / permitting the cutting down of trees in the forests of northern India for 15 years.

(A)           (B)           (C)

① manner ······ passionate ······ prohibiting

② manner ······ passionate ······ permitting

③ manner ······ indifferent ······ permitting

④ manners ······ passionate ······ prohibiting

⑤ manners ······ indifferent ······ permitting

069 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

Drug companies are constantly researching and developing new medications to ① treat medical conditions, and new drugs come on the market frequently. People who have ② uncommon diseases, however, have not had as much research attention in past decades. This is because their numbers are small and therefore the ③ potential market for the new drugs to treat them is also small and unprofitable. Recognizing a possible financial ④ loss in developing these drugs and the lack of drug development for unusual diseases, Congress passed the Orphan Drug Act in 1983. Under the law, companies may get tax cuts and sell the drugs without competition for seven years. These ⑤ penalties are meant to encourage companies to develop drugs for individuals with rare illnesses.

PART 2 어법·어휘 모의고사

어법·어휘 모의고사 01

070 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

A lunar eclipse occurs when the sun, earth, and moon move into a straight line with one another. Astronomers refer to this phenomenon as “syzygy,” a term derived from the Greek word for ① being paired together. In a total lunar eclipse, also called a “blood moon” eclipse, the earth ② lies directly between the sun and the moon, and the moon glows a bright, reddish-orange color. This happens because the sunlight that manages ③ reaching the moon passes through the earth’s atmosphere first. ④ As it does so, all the blue light scatters. The remaining red light is redirected into the earth’s shadow, making the moon ⑤ glow red.

*total lunar eclipse: (천문학) 개기 월식

071 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Russia’s Lake Baikal is the planet’s deepest and largest lake. It holds close to one fifth of the world’s fresh water and is also home to around 2,000 unique species of plants and animals. Perhaps most astonishing of all (A)  is / are  the water itself, some of the clearest in the world. The clarity of the water (B)  attributes / is attributed  to tiny filter-feeding creatures called Epischura baicalensis. Each one is only about 1.5 mm long, but there is an uncountable number of them in the lake. These tiny organisms filter out plankton and bacteria while taking prey, (C)  purifying / purified  the lake’s water. One environmentalist has even called these major filters of Baikal “the heroes of the lake.”

(A)          (B)           (C)

① is   ······ attributes    ······ purified

② is   ······ is attributed ······ purified

③ is   ······ is attributed ······ purifying

④ are ······ attributes    ······ purifying

⑤ are ······ is attributed ······ purifying

072 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

Although there are many different paths to the top of Mount Everest, most climbers choose the southern route Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay ① took in 1953. ② Its base camp is located at an altitude of 5,364 meters. From this camp, climbers must pass through some dangerous areas, including Western Cwm, a valley ③ in which it can get extremely hot due to intense sunlight and a lack of wind. In the final portion of the route, they must conquer a 40-foot ridge that ④ is known as the Hillary Step. ⑤ Because the low temperatures and thin air, it is one of the most difficult parts of the climb.

*Western Cwm: 서부 권곡

073 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

A technology called Carbon Capture and Storage, or CCS, makes it possible (A)  to capture / capturing  as much as 90% of man-made carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions before they are released into the atmosphere. The CCS process consists of three parts. First, carbon dioxide is separated from other gases through capture technologies. It is then transported, usually either by ship (B)  or / and  pipeline. Finally, it is safely stored in rock formations that are located deep below the earth’s surface. Because it is highly likely that demand for fossil fuels will remain (C)  strong / strongly  in the coming years, CCS has become very important as a way to significantly reduce harmful carbon emissions.

(A)	(B)       (C)

① to capture ······ or ······ strong

② to capture ······ or ······ strongly

③ to capture ······ and ······ strongly

④ capturing ······ or ······ strong

⑤ capturing ······ and ······ strong

074 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

Before a new skyscraper is built, it must be tested to ensure that its design is strong enough to ① withstand all kinds of conditions. To find out what the ② effect of heavy winds will be, for example, a small plastic model is sometimes made. These models have small tubes on them that record changes in air pressure when wind from a fan is blown on them. Once this has been ③ measured, engineers can determine if the building will be strong enough. If this process reveals any problems, the design will be ④ maintained. Because the strength of wind can be related to other nearby structures, a model of the ⑤ entire area will sometimes be built.

075 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?

According to some recent studies, a person’s eye color can affect many different aspects of their health, including how much pain they feel and even their chances of getting diabetes. The (A)  late / latest  study correlating eye color with pain tolerance found that Caucasian women with light-colored eyes seem to endure pain and distress better than those with dark-colored eyes. In the study, pregnant women with light-colored eyes reported less pain while giving birth and suffered (B)  lower / higher  rates of anxiety and depression afterwards. This research could help doctors better anticipate a patient’s level of pain following surgery, which would significantly help them plan proper (C)  treat / treatment  for the patient.

(A)       (B)        (C)

① late  ······ lower ······ treat

② late  ······ higher ······ treatment

③ latest ······ lower ······ treat

④ latest ······ lower ······ treatment

⑤ latest ······ higher ······ treat

076 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

Did you know that wind power actually ① depends on the sun? When land is heated up by the sun, the air above the land ② absorbs some of the heat. Since warmer air is lighter, it quickly begins to move upward. As this air ③ raises, the cooler air around it rushes in to fill the empty space. This movement is what we call wind. To create energy from it, a rotating blade is placed in its path. The wind then moves through the blade, ④ transferring some of its energy and causing the blade to rotate. This is how energy is ⑤ generated from wind.

어법·어휘 모의고사 02

077 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

When a source gives information to a journalist or media organization with conditions on when and how it ① will be published, it is called a “news embargo.” For example, businesses often use news embargoes ② to make important announcements about new products. When ③ given advance knowledge of an event, the media can carefully prepare their stories to avoid inaccuracies and still release them on time. Sometimes, news organizations break embargoes by reporting information earlier than requested. This can happen ④ due to miscommunication, but sometimes it is done intentionally to appear more up-to-date than competitors. Breaking a news embargo is a serious violation of trust though, and it can result in the source ⑤ restricted access to further information in the future.

078 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Setting the stage for negotiations is a lot like creating a battle plan. In both cases, a good strategy will begin (A)  to execute / to be executed  well before the event takes place. Think about it in terms of setting up a board game. Unlike in chess, (B)  which / where  the board is always set up the same way for both players, negotiation and battle involve so many variables that one participant can seize an advantage from the start. This makes planning essential. In addition, unexperienced negotiators often allow emotions to get in the way of their goal. The key is to be adequately prepared so that the emotional reactions one experiences (C)  is / are  neutralized and the negotiations come to their desired end.

(A)               (B)      (C)

① to execute     ······ which ······ are

② to execute     ······ where ······ is

③ to be executed ······ which ······ are

④ to be executed ······ where ······ is

⑤ to be executed ······ where ······ are

079 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

In recent years, scientists ① have figured out how to make yarn from items usually thrown in the trash: cornhusks, chicken feathers, and rice straw. Chemical reactions are used to break down the materials, ② following by a cleaning process. The resulting fibers are spun into yarn, ③ which is used to make fabrics. The fabrics made from rice straw and cornhusks are similar to cotton, while the chicken-feather fabric ④ resembles wool. It will be years before these fabrics can be mass produced, but clothes made from recycled fabrics are already available in many stores. By ⑤ choosing what you buy carefully, you can help protect the planet.

080 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Many people consider the African grey parrot to be the world’s most intelligent species of bird. These African parrots are known for their ability (A)  copy / to copy  the sounds made by other animals, including humans. When kept as pets, they'll even imitate common household noises like the ringing of a phone. In the wild, they live alone, with an average lifespan of (B)  near / nearly  50 years. When threatened, African grey parrots puff up their feathers to make (C)  them / themselves  look larger. It is this kind of behavior that proves just how clever these birds really are.

*puff up: 불룩하게 하다

(A)          (B)         (C)

① copy    ······ near   ······ them

② copy    ······ nearly ······ themselves

③ to copy ······ near  ······ them

④ to copy ······ nearly ······ them

⑤ to copy ······ nearly ······ themselves

081 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

In a recent study performed by researchers in Japan, dogs were presented with two containers, one of which covered some food. A researcher then pointed at the container hiding the food, and most dogs would run there to find the ① reward. In phase two, each dog was first shown which container was ② concealing food. Then, the researcher pointed at the empty one and ③ encouraged the dog to run to it. In the final phase the dog was again presented with two containers, and the researcher pointed at the correct one. But this time, the dogs realized that the researcher might be ④ trustworthy, and only 8 percent of them went in the indicated direction. This study shows that dogs use their experiences to determine whether or not human beings are reliable and ⑤ adjust their behavior accordingly.

082 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Recently, scientists in Antarctica were surprised to find a fossil of a tiny fly. Such flies were not thought to have ever lived in that region. The fly fossil was part of a shell that (A)  detects / protects  the species’ larva as it grows, indicating these insects were once living and breeding in Antarctica. But how did these flies get to Antarctica? The nearest land (B)  lies / lays  thousands of miles away. Some scientists think the flies flew there when the distance was shorter because sea levels were lower. Others believe they may have (C)  evolved / revolved  earlier than previously thought, when Antarctica was connected to Australia and South America.

*larva: 유충, 애벌레

(A)       (B)       (C)

① detects ······ lies ······ evolved

② detects ······ lays ······ evolved

③ protects ······ lies ······ evolved

④ protects ······ lies ······ revolved

⑤ protects ······ lays ······ revolved

083 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?

The term “chicken” is sometimes used to describe a “game” in which two cars are driven toward each other. The (A)  principal / principle  is that the driver who turns away first is considered the “loser.” However, if neither (B)  competitor / competition  gives in, the results can be devastating for both. These days, however, the term is more often used in political science and (C)  economics / economic . It describes a situation in which two nations are headed toward a potential conflict. Just as in the actual game of “chicken,” neither country wants to back down. However, if they do not, it can lead to a financial crisis or even a nuclear war.

(A)           (B)            (C)

① principal ······ competitor ······ economics

② principal ······ competition ······ economic

③ principle ······ competitor ······ economics

④ principle ······ competitor ······ economic

⑤ principle ······ competition ······ economic

어법‧어휘 모의고사 03

084 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

The Amazonian moth of the Urodidae family ① weaves one of the insect world’s most unusual and beautiful cocoons. While other cocoons completely surround the insect, Urodidae cocoons have a net-like design with an exit at the bottom, and ② they hang from the underside of a leaf on a long silk thread. The cocoon’s unique open structure allows rainwater to flow easily through it. If the water were not allowed to escape, the moths ③ would have been at risk of drowning, as they breathe throughout their time in the cocoon. Meanwhile, the long string of silk helps ④ protect the moth from invading ants. The opening at the bottom of the cocoon proves ⑤ useful once the moth begins to emerge.

085 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Scientists at the University of California, Berkeley have created a remarkable new bandage that can diagnose bedsores before they actually become (A)  visible / visibly . Bedsores develop when a patient’s skin is damaged by long periods of pressure, usually from being laid up in bed. The bandage uses an electrical current (B)  detects / to detect  the early tissue damage that occurs when these bedsores are just beginning to form. When cells die or are damaged, the structure of their cell membrane changes, letting a greater amount of electrical current pass through. This is (C)  that / what  is detected by the bandage. The scientists who developed the device hope that it will soon become a part of bandages and wound dressings.

*bedsore: 욕창

**membrane: (인체 피부·조직의) 막

(A)	(B)	(C)

① visible ······ detects	······ that

② visible ······ to detect	······ that

③ visible ······ to detect	······ what

④ visibly ······ detects	······ that

⑤ visibly ······ to detect	······ what

086 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

An injunctive norm is concerned with a person’s sense of ① what society generally regards as acceptable or unacceptable behavior. In a study on energy use in California households, a team of psychologists tested the power of injunctive norms ② to influence people’s behavior. They provided half of the households with information about how much they use their energy compared to their neighbors, along with tips on how to conserve energy. ③ The other half received the same information plus an emoticon that acted as an injunctive message. Households consuming less than the average amount of electricity received a smiley face, ④ while those consuming more received a frowning face. Average energy use in the first group fell by 1.22kWh/day. But the households that also received the injunctive message ⑤ reducing their consumption by an average of 1.72kWh/day, showing the strong effect of injunctive messages on people’s behavior.

*injunctive norm: 명령 규범

087 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

For a long time, storytelling has been an exclusively human activity. However, artificial intelligence experts are now creating algorithms that enable computers (A)  write / to write  both fiction and nonfiction. Articles and reports produced by these computers are so convincing that most people think they were written by a human. The programs work by taking huge amounts of raw data, which humans often find difficult to organize and understand, and (B)  rewriting / to rewrite  it all in a way that clearly communicates the core idea of a story. In addition, the computer’s writing style can be altered simply by changing (C)  a few / a little  variables. Computers can even write data-heavy parts of big stories. Journalists can then add context, analysis, and any final human touches.

(A)	(B)	(C)

① write    ······ rewriting ······ a few

② write    ······ to rewrite ······ a little

③ to write ······ rewriting ······ a few

④ to write ······ rewriting ······ a little

⑤ to write ······ to rewrite ······ a few

088 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

The innovation cycle — the journey of an invention from cutting-edge to obsolete — is getting shorter for many products. At the same time, customers are increasingly demanding products with new and ① improved features. For these reasons, companies must come up with new ideas if they want to stay ② successful. To do this, some companies have begun to ③ promote creativity among their employees through the use of idea-sharing systems. These systems rely on “collective intelligence,” the productive ④ separation of the ideas, knowledge, and experiences of all the various people within the organization, to strengthen individual creativity. As motivation for being creative, employees receive recognition and bonuses for ⑤ contributing outstanding ideas.

089 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?

In Afghanistan, it is considered shameful not to have a male child to continue the family name and inherit property. For this reason, in the (A)  absence / presence  of a son, families will sometimes dress one of their daughters as a boy, a practice known as “bacha posh.” It is believed that doing so makes it more (B)  likely / likable  that the family’s next child will be a son. Furthermore, the bacha posh daughter can do certain things that are usually reserved for boys, such as finding work, getting an education, and having more freedom in public. However, they often find it difficult to make the (C)  transition / transmission  back to the restricted role of an Afghan girl.

(A)	(B)	(C)

① absence ······ likely ······ transition

② absence ······ likely ······ transmission

③ absence ······ likable ······ transition

④ presence ······ likable ······ transition

⑤ presence ······ likable ······ transmission

090 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

Mexico City is sinking into the ground. This is causing problems that ① threaten the city’s infrastructure. It is happening because the city consumes too much water. Mexico City’s main water ② supply comes from aquifers beneath the city. Unfortunately, this water is being pumped out faster than it can be ③ replaced by natural sources, causing soil sinkage. In addition, a lot of water is ④ wasted by leaking pipes. City officials are working on a project that will collect rainwater in order to ⑤ increase the demand for water from the aquifers. But in order to save their city, the citizens of Mexico’s capital will have to start conserving water.

*aquifer: 대수층

어법‧어휘 모의고사 04

091 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

Special events called “human libraries” ① have become increasingly popular in recent years. At these events, individuals volunteer to share their experiences as human “books,” and event participants “read” the books by having face-to-face conversations with the volunteers. The purpose of these events is ② to promote mutual understanding between members of the community. Those who volunteer as “books” have usually been discriminated against ③ because of their race, religion, or some other aspect of their life. Each “book” ④ is given a title that addresses common prejudices that readers and society may have, and the “books” challenge these through their respectful conversations. A Human Library event is a great way to allow excluded individuals to share their experiences and ⑤ recognizes diversity within a community.

092 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

In Nepal, it is thought (A)  what / that  the goddess Durga lives among humans in the form of young girls. These girls are called “kumaris,” or “living goddesses.” A girl is chosen as a kumari partly based on physical characteristics, including eye color and the shape of her teeth. She must also pass several tests. One test requires the girl (B)  will be / to be  inside a dark room where masked men try to frighten her. She must stay calm throughout the test in order to pass. Once selected, a kumari will live in a temple and be worshipped by thousands of people until she (C)  reaches / will reach  puberty. Some activists criticize this custom, saying that confinement to temples restricts the girls’ freedom and interrupts their education. However, the practice remains an important cultural and religious tradition.

(A)	(B)	(C)

① what ······ be	······ reaches

② what ······ be	······ will reach

③ what ······ to be ······ reaches

④ that ······  be	······ will reach

⑤ that ······  to be ······ reaches

093 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

When a stream of meltwater flows into a crack or a weak spot in a glacier’s surface, it then can create a narrow, vertical tunnel called a moulin. Moulins can grow ① to be up to ten meters wide, and they can be hundreds of meters deep, extending all the way to the bottom of the glacier. ② Flowing sufficiently, meltwater can form a moulin in as little as one month. Once it forms, it will stay open ③ as long as the meltwater keeps flowing. Many ④ have known to stay open for several years. However, if the meltwater freezes, then snow will start to ⑤ fill the moulin up, and it will eventually close up.

094 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Functionalism proposes that our mental states should be identified by the way that they function. (A)  Understanding / To understand  what this means, think about mouse traps. Although the most common mouse trap has a wooden platform and a metal strike bar, there are many other possible designs. Some use boxes and (B)  others / another  use poisons; however, all that matters is that it can catch or kill mice. On the other hand, a diamond has a structural essence that is independent of what it is used for. Diamonds can cut glass, but many other things can, too. And if a diamond was never used for cutting, it (C)  will / would  still be a diamond. According to functionalism, mental states are more like mouse traps than diamonds: they are defined more by what they do than by what they are composed of.

(A)	(B)	(C)

① Understanding ······ others ······ will

② Understanding ······ another ······ would

③ To understand ······ others ······ will

④ To understand ······ others ······ would

⑤ To understand ······ another ······ will

095 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

Nobody likes getting a shot at the doctor’s office. To help people avoid this ① unpleasant experience, researchers have invented an alternative to hypodermic needles. It uses tiny microneedles that enter the patient’s body through a simple patch, ② releasing the medicine as they dissolve. The whole procedure takes only a few minutes. Even better, medical training isn’t ③ required to apply the patch. This means patients could pick up a patch at the drugstore and use it themselves. These patches also use less medicine than traditional needles, which gives them the ④ potential to reduce the amount of medicine that needs to be produced. This could ⑤ intensify shortages during flu season.

*hypodermic needle: 피하 주사기

096 (A), (B), (C) 의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?

In recent years, languages around the world have begun to go extinct at an alarming rate. One reason so many languages are endangered is the widespread use of English, especially on the Internet. However, the Internet is also being used to keep these languages (A)  alive / dead . It is estimated that up to 1,000 languages can currently be read online. Many of these are minority languages, and their speakers are using the Internet to spread the use of their language. For example, people who speak Celtic languages have been very (B)  active / passive  in creating websites, including online dictionaries, in their native tongues. In the end, the Internet could (C)  serve / reserve  to ensure the survival of many dying languages.

(A)	(B)        (C)

① alive ······ active ······ serve

② alive ······ active ······ reserve

③ alive ······ passive ······ serve

④ dead ······ passive ······ serve

⑤ dead ······ active ······ reserve

097 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?

In many cultures, dimpled cheeks are thought to be attractive. Therefore, it might be surprising to learn that many dimples are the (A)  cause / result  of a kind of birth defect. Dimples are most commonly caused by shortened facial muscles. When the person smiles, these shortened muscles pull at the skin, creating a dimple. Although dimples can form on other parts of the body as well, such as the buttocks, they are not as (B)  visible / invisible  as those on the face, and are therefore less desirable. As time passes, dimples can fade as the muscles stretch. This may be why many people (C)  associate / dissociate  them with youthfulness.

(A)	(B)	(C)

① cause ······ visible   ······ associate

② cause ······ invisible ······ dissociate

③ result ······ visible   ······ associate

④ result ······ visible   ······ dissociate

⑤ result ······ invisible ······ associate

어법‧어휘 모의고사 05

098 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

Products that are purposefully designed to have a short life span ① are said to be made with planned obsolescence. ② Such a product is designed to last until its owner has developed an attachment to it, so that when it stops working, he or she will feel the need to buy the newest model. A washing machine, for example, typically only lasts for about two years before ③ breaking down. At this point, it will probably just need minor repairs. But after about four or five years of use, ④ its most essential parts will start to wear out, and a replacement will have to be purchased. For the planned obsolescence strategy to work, though, it is important that customers be ⑤ enough satisfied with the original product to buy an up-to-date version from the same company.

099 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Lightning bolts (A)  flashing / flashed  through clouds of ash over an erupting volcano are a strange phenomenon that looks like something from another world. But this volcanic lightning is very real. Visual and photographic observations, as well as measurements of atmospheric electricity, have led scientists (B)  believe / to believe  that volcanic lightning is caused by the ejection of material carrying a large positive charge out of the volcano and into the atmosphere. There are several variations of this theory, but scientists mostly agree that the lightning starts when ejected particles are separated, either by collisions with each other or when one large particle breaks into two smaller ones. This produces charges that (C)  release / are released  in the form of lightning, just like in thunderstorms.

*positive charge: 양전하

(A)	(B)	(C)

① flashing ······ believe	······ release

② flashing ······ to believe ······ are released

③ flashing ······ to believe ······ release

④ flashed ······ believe	······ are released

⑤ flashed ······ to believe  ······ release

100 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

The Rothschild family fortune originated in the late 1700s, ① when Mayer Amschel Rothschild became one of Europe’s most powerful bankers. His third son, Nathan Mayer Rothschild, founded N M Rothschild & Sons in London in 1811. Family legend holds ② that Nathan Rothschild made a fortune following the Napoleonic Wars. The family’s private network of shippers and messengers brought news to Rothschild that Napoleon ③ had defeated, one day before the British government found out. By spreading rumors of Napoleon’s victory and ④ dumping all his government stocks, Rothschild allegedly caused widespread panic selling. The resulting financial crisis drove down prices, allowing Rothschild to purchase stocks for pennies before news of Britain’s victory caused prices ⑤ to rise rapidly, generating vast returns.

*the Napoleonic Wars: 나폴레옹 전쟁

101 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

A utilitarian is someone who believes that all actions should be based on providing the greatest happiness, or benefit, to the largest (A)  amount / number  of people. There are two types of utilitarians: act utilitarians and rule utilitarians. Act utilitarians analyze an individual situation and do (B)  whatever / whenever  will benefit the majority of the people involved. Whether an action is right or wrong depends entirely on the outcome it produces. So if killing someone provided a benefit to others that was greater than the suffering of the person (C)  killing / killed , act utilitarians would support it. On the other hand, rule utilitarians reject certain behaviors, such as murder, but not for moral reasons. They simply believe, based on historical evidence, that allowing such actions would reduce long-term happiness. So instead of determining a course of action based on its immediate benefits, rule utilitarians consider precedents set by history and then act accordingly.

(A)	(B)	(C)

① amount ······ whenever ······ killing

② amount ······ whatever ······ killed

③ number ······ whenever ······ killing

④ number ······ whatever ······ killed

⑤ number ······ whenever ······ killed

102 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

One of the ocean’s most unusual ① creatures, the pineapple fish, is found in the coastal waters of Australia. It is small, usually no more than 25 cm in length, and tends to ② inhibit underwater caves deep below the ocean’s surface. Its name comes from the fact that it ③ resembles a pineapple. It has tough scales that protect it, and small luminescent light ④ organs on each side of its lower jaw, which are most visible in darkness. The pineapple fish uses this light to ⑤ attract prey to its mouth.

*luminescent: (열을 내지 않고) 발광하는

103 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Trees and plants protect themselves from harmful insects and micro-organisms by releasing a (A)  natural / neutral  antibiotic substance, called phytoncide, into the air. This substance purifies the air, killing germs and viruses t h a t may be harmful to humans. As (B)  various / variable  viruses and respiratory diseases increasingly become a worldwide issue, scientists are now taking a greater interest in phytoncide and its benefits to human health. (C)  Exposure / Exposition  to it is believed to strengthen the immune system, cleanse the body of toxins, and even relieve stress. The extent of its effectiveness is still uncertain, but research is currently being conducted to find out more.

(A)	(B)	(C)

① natural ······ various ······ Exposure

② natural ······ various ······ Exposition

③ natural ······ variable ······ Exposure

④ neutral ······ various ······ Exposure

⑤ neutral ······ variable ······ Exposition

104 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

When people are found guilty of a crime, they are sometimes sentenced to stay inside their home. Known as “house arrest,” this is an ① alternative to jail, and is usually used for people who commit minor crimes. People under house arrest must wear a device that ② transmits a signal. It notifies the police if its wearer leaves the ③ designated area. In some cases, the person is permitted to leave home for certain activities. In this case, the electronic device is temporarily ④ connected. Some people, however, are opposed to house arrest. If prisoners have ⑤ access to all the comforts of home, they argue, they won’t feel like they are being punished.

어법‧어휘 모의고사 06

105 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

The term “Silicon Valley Syndrome” has been created to describe the various health problems ① associated with spending too much time sitting in front of computers, laptops, and other mobile devices. Some reports have shown that 60% of Americans have experienced such health problems, which include back and neck pain and eye fatigue. ② Other reports have even linked long periods of using electronic devices to an increased risk of diabetes and heart disease. All these conditions related to Silicon Valley Syndrome ③ has an economic impact as well. In fact, an estimated $20 billion is spent annually on ④ compensating workers dealing with pain resulting from these conditions. Moreover, ⑤ it is believed that decreased productivity caused by Silicon Valley Syndrome is responsible for around $100 billion in losses every year.

106 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

The members of a theater production never know exactly what will happen during a play’s run. It can be frightening — even dangerous — when something goes wrong, so it should come as no surprise (A)  that / what  some enduring superstitions exist in the world of theater. Two such superstitions concern Macbeth. First, it’s considered bad luck to say “Macbeth” in a theater other than when the play is being rehearsed or performed. Instead, people use indirect expressions, such as “the Scottish play,” when (B)  referring / referred  to Macbeth. Second, it’s believed that the play is unlucky for those involved in its production. Accidents often happen during Macbeth performances, but there is a reasonable explanation. The story includes several fights, and many scenes take place in fog or near darkness, making Macbeth (C)  hazardous / hazardously  for the actors and stage crew.

(A)	(B)	(C)

① that  ······ referring ······ hazardous

② that  ······ referring ······ hazardously

③ that  ······ referred ······ hazardous

④ what ······ referring ······ hazardous

⑤ what ······ referred ······ hazardously

107 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

Psychologists use the term “Hoving Effect,” named after Thomas Hoving, to describe an experience that ① triggers one’s sudden realization of his or her abilities and self-worth. When Hoving was a university student, he had low self-esteem and was almost failing out of school. However, on the first day of a sculpture seminar, the professor asked the students ② comment on the artistic qualities of a certain shiny, metal object. After a few students praised its beauty and harmony, Hoving commented that it was too mechanical and functional ③ to be a work of art. His observation was insightful, because the object was in fact ④ merely a medical instrument. After that experience, Hoving gained great confidence. An event like this can completely change one’s concept of who he is and what he is capable of. This is certainly what happened for Hoving, ⑤ who became a curator at a world-renowned art museum.

108 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Ernest Hemingway is known not only as an excellent writer of dialogue, (A)  and / but  as a master of simplicity. He believed that writing becomes more interesting when unnecessary information is left out. This minimalistic style can clearly be seen in his short stories, (B)  that / which  concentrate on surface elements without directly discussing the deeper themes that are present. Sometimes called Hemingway’s “iceberg theory” of writing, or the “theory of omission,” this technique is meant to let the true meaning of a piece of writing (C)  shine / shining  through the surface elements without being directly explained.

(A)	(B)	(C)

① and ······ that ······ shine

② and ······ that ······ shining

③ but ······ that ······ shining

④ but ······ which ······ shine

⑤ but ······ which ······ shining

109 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

When a butterfly is in a garden, it usually flies from flower to flower. This behavior is behind the term “social butterfly,” which refers to a person who feels extremely ① comfortable in social situations. At a party, a social butterfly will move from group to group, happily chatting with anyone on any subject. But this social ② adeptness isn't only useful at parties. The ability to easily praise others and discuss a wide variety of topics is ③ helpful in the workplace as well. Many companies ④ avoid social butterflies for networking or putting clients at ease. Although some people are natural social butterflies, social skills can be ⑤ acquired by anyone with a little time and effort.

110 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Urban development, forest fires, and global warming have caused Australia’s koala bear population to seriously decline. Because of this, researchers fear that the species is in danger of going completely (A)  distinct / extinct  in the next 30 years. The greatest threat to these animals comes from habitat (B)  destruction / construction . Therefore, environ-mentalists are urging the government to declare koala bears an endangered species in order to protect the places where they live. Although a proposal to do so was (C)  injected / rejected  in 2006, the government of Queensland has since taken steps to ensure that development does not cause the irreplaceable loss of these unique creatures.

(A)	(B)	(C)

① distinct ······ destruction  ······ rejected

② distinct ······ construction ······ injected

③ extinct ······ destruction  ······ injected

④ extinct ······ destruction  ······ rejected

⑤ extinct ······ construction ······ rejected

111 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Netsuke are works of art with a (A)  practical / practiced  function. These small sculptures were invented in the 17th century. At that time, Japanese clothes had few pockets for storing things such as pipes and money. Instead, these (B)  objects / objections  were placed in small containers hung from a belt. Netsuke were used to fasten these containers to the belt. Over time, they grew more and more elaborate until they became small works of art. Netsuke (C)  production / productivity  peaked during Japan’s Edo period, between 1615 and 1868. Today, they are still made for collectors around the world.

(A)	(B)	(C)

① practical ······ objects	······ production

② practical ······ objects	······ productivity

③ practical ······ objections ······ production

④ practiced ······ objections ······ production

⑤ practiced ······ objections ······ productivity

어법‧어휘 모의고사 07

112 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

One of the most impressive geological formations in the solar system is Olympus Mons, a volcano located on the planet Mars. It is the tallest ① knowing land form in the Solar System, towering 27 kilometers above its surroundings and ② covering an area of more than 500 kilometers across. It ③ is thought that the size of Olympus Mons is due to the fact that the plates below the surface of Mars don’t move like ④ Earth’s. This lack of movement means that magma can ⑤ rise in the same place for a long period of time, slowly creating an enormous volcano like Olympus Mons.

113 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Although iced tea (A)  was / had been  around since the early 19th century, it wasn’t until the 1904 World’s Fair in St. Louis that it became popular. An enterprising Englishman by the name of Richard Blechynden was in charge of selling tea to the fair’s visitors. Unfortunately for him, the temperature was so high that no one was interested (B)  in / by  drinking a cup of hot tea. Desperate to make some money before the fair ended, Blechynden tried (C)  serving / to serve  his tea with ice. It was an instant success, and iced tea soon became a popular summertime drink around the world.

(A)       (B)	(C)

① was	······ in ······ serving

② was      ······ by ······ serving

③ had been ······ in ······ serving

④ had been ······ in ······ to serve

⑤ had been ······ by ······ to serve

114 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

Regression to the mean is a statistical principle stating that extreme results tend to move back to the average. Some common examples of this can ① be found in sports. Sportswriters often talk about the “sophomore slump,” the ② disappointing second season of an outstanding rookie. This does not mean a decrease in the player’s ability but refers to a leveling of that player’s performance towards his or her average. Another example is the “Sports Illustrated Jinx,” ③ which a player or team featured on a magazine cover is likely to have an unsuccessful following season. Since athletes on the cover of a magazine are probably at the very top of their game, it is very hard for them ④ to match their recent level of performance. In every process that ⑤ includes fluctuation, an above-average performance is likely to be followed by a decline.

*regression: 회귀

115 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Loy Krathong, a Buddhist festival, (A)  holds / is held  in Thailand each year on the full moon of the twelfth month. It is believed to have begun in India as a Hindu festival. To celebrate Loy Krathong, people gather along rivers and canals with small rafts and candles. A candle and some coins are placed on each raft and a wish is made. Then the candle is lit and the raft is placed on the river. They watch the raft (B)  drift / drifts  away, hoping the candle stays lit for as long as possible. Loy Krathong is considered a very romantic holiday. Couples who make a wish together on this day (C)  is / are  said to stay together forever.

(A)       (B)    (C)

① holds  ······ drift ······ is

② holds  ······ drifts ······ are

③ is held ······ drift ······ is

④ is held ······ drift ······ are

⑤ is held ······ drifts ······ are

116 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

Happy people share some important traits. The first is self-esteem. People who ① accept themselves feel good about life in general. Having healthy self-esteem is necessary for a good life. Second, ② optimistic people are usually happier and achieve greater success in their lives. Achieving a ③ balance between positive thinking and realistic expectations will provide endless possibilities of joy. And third, happy people are outgoing people who are more ④ involved with others. They experience more affection and enjoy greater social support. If you can ⑤ weaken these traits in yourself, it will help you find happiness.

117 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Without the Nile River, it is unlikely that the ancient Egyptians could have built such a great civilization. Although the (A)  major / majority  of the region is covered in sand, the area around the river has fertile soil. This is because of the (B)  predictable / unpredictable  rise and fall of the Nile’s water level. Each July the water level would go up. When it receded in October, it would leave behind rich soil deposits. The ancient Egyptians built canals that collected enough rising water to (C)  supply / demand  their crops with nourishment for the rest of the year. This sort of innovative thinking allowed the Egyptians to build an empire in the desert.

(A)              (B)          (C)

① major   ······ unpredictable ······ supply

② major   ······ unpredictable ······ demand

③ majority ······ predictable   ······ demand

④ majority ······ predictable   ······ supply

⑤ majority ······ unpredictable ······ supply

118 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

There are some plants that can ① survive in the coldest regions of the world — Antarctica and the Arctic Circle. They require several ② adaptations in order to do so. For example, most bryophytes have the ability to reproduce asexually when it is too cold for traditional reproduction. In addition, they can store water in their tightly packed stems and roots, as unfrozen water is ③ plentiful in these bitterly cold environments. Also, most bryophytes in these regions grow underneath a layer of snow, which ④ protects them from ice and sand blown by the cold wind. If it were not for this cover, these bryophytes would also be in danger because of the strong light, which ⑤ inhibits their ability to perform photosynthesis. This would significantly reduce their growth rates.

*bryophyte: 선태(이끼)류의 식물

**photosynthesis: 광합성

어법‧어휘 모의고사 08

119 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

At China’s Shanghai Zoo, the hippos no longer have to worry about unhealthy teeth. That’s because workers recently built a four-foot long toothbrush ① to take care of the hippos’ teeth. A hippo’s teeth can grow up to three feet long and ② are a valuable source of ivory. In the wild, the diet of hippos generally ③ is consisted of grass, so they don’t have to worry about tooth care. But in the zoo, they eat a variety of fruits and vegetables, ④ which often get stuck between their teeth. The zoo ⑤ had been using brooms to clean the hippos’ teeth but they weren't very effective, so a toothbrush was built. Now, the hippos have the brightest smiles in the zoo!

120 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

I still remember the day my parents announced we were moving to England. It was the week after one of our neighbors (A)  had killed / had been killed  in a bomb explosion. But I was too young to understand my parents’ reasons at the time. I just knew I didn’t want to leave my friends. When we arrived in England, the first thing I noticed was how different my accent was. There were (B)  a few / a little  other students from my home country at my school, but they had lived in England for years. They laughed at the way I spoke, just like everyone else. I remember (C)  spending / to spend  hours alone in my room practicing the London accent that I have today.

(A)	(B)	(C)

① had killed	······ a few ······ spending

② had killed	······ a little ······ to spend

③ had been killed ······ a little ······ spending

④ had been killed ······ a few ······ spending

⑤ had been killed ······ a few ······ to spend

121 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

You might think Stone Age people ate only meat. But scientists now believe that their diet ① may have been more balanced, even including bread. The notion ② that prehistoric humans relied on meat comes from the idea that they didn't have the skill to cook grains. But scientists have found signs of grains on ③ grinding stones that belonged to Stone Age humans. They suspect they used the stones to grind roots. They then probably added water and cooked them, making something that would have ④ resembled with modern bread. It might not have tasted ⑤ good, but Stone Age people probably weren't as demanding as we are when it comes to dinner!

122 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

The Double Ninth Festival, one of the most popular festivals in China, (A)  fall / falls  on the ninth day of the ninth month. According to legend, a man once met a magical person who said a disaster would occur on the ninth day of the ninth month. He advised that the man’s family (B)  carry / carried  a bag of zhuyu, a Chinese herb, to the top of a hill and drink some special wine. They followed this advice, and when they returned home all of their animals were dead from a disease. But the family survived. Since then, it has become a tradition (C)  that / which  on that day people climb a hill, drink wine, and carry a bag of zhuyu.

(A)	(B)       (C)

① fall ······ carry ······ which

② fall ······ carried ······ that

③ falls ······ carry ······ that

④ falls ······ carried ······ that

⑤ falls ······ carried ······ which

123 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

During the course of evolution, a strong sense of smell was necessary for ① survival, allowing us to identify food and danger. These days, we rely far less on our noses. Nevertheless, ② losing one’s ability to smell can be a serious problem. Our ability to detect odors is something that we may take for granted. But some people ③ recover from anosmia, a condition in which the sense of smell is lost or seriously reduced. Although some people are born with this condition, it can also be ④ caused by a head injury or a virus. One of the biggest dangers for anosmia sufferers is the inability to detect smoke or ⑤ rotten food.

*anosmia: 후각 상실(증)

124 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Unlike most things that have color, butterfly wings don’t (A)  sustain / contain  any pigments. A pigment is a substance that reflects light and creates different colors. Instead, butterfly wings are made up of layers of special tiny structures. The way light is reflected by these layers gives the wings their colors. Scientists have created their own colors by making similar layers, some of which are as thin as a few atoms. They believe that this can be used in the future to (B)  allow / prevent  people from making fake money or credit cards. Copying pigments is fairly easy, but (C)  eliminating / recreating  the structures found on butterfly wings would be a real challenge.

(A)	(B)	(C)

① sustain ······ allow   ······ eliminating

② contain ······ prevent ······ recreating

③ sustain ······ prevent ······ eliminating

④ contain ······ allow   ······ recreating

⑤ contain ······ prevent ······ eliminating

125 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Animal smuggling is a bigger problem than most people realize. According to customs officers, it is a $20 billion industry worldwide. Besides being illegal, there are some serious problems associated with animal smuggling. For one thing, many (A)  rear / rare and endangered animals suffer or even die while being smuggled. Even worse, smuggled animals can bring foreign (B)  deceases / diseases to places where they didn’t exist before. This can cause large numbers of native animals to get sick and die. To help stop this terrible practice, you should never purchase any animal that you suspect may have been illegally (C)  imported / exported .

*smuggling: 밀수, 밀반입

(A)	(B)	(C)

① rear ······ deceases ······ imported

② rear ······ diseases ······ exported

③ rare ······ deceases ······ imported

④ rare ······ diseases ······ imported

⑤ rare ······ diseases ······ exported

PART 3 기출 응용 모의고사

기출 응용 모의고사 01

001 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 고1 모의평가

There is a well-known study conducted on Halloween. When trick-or-treaters rang the doorbell of the houses ① involved, a researcher told them that they could each take one piece of candy, and then he quickly left. Another researcher was ② secretly watching what happened. The results showed that 33.7 percent of the kids committed theft; they took more candy than they should have when they thought nobody was watching them. After that, the researchers set up a mirror right in front of the bowl of the candy, so the trick-or-treaters had to see themselves in it as they ③ approached to the bowl. The rate of ④ those taking more than one piece of candy when the mirror was there? Only 8.9 percent. In this research, looking at the mirror led children ⑤ to be discouraged from bad behavior.

002 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은? 고1 모의평가

Nature is timed to the alternating rhythm of light and dark produced by Earth’s rotation. Birds sing, and blossoms open and close in tune with this twenty-four-hour cycle. Daylight also sets the pace for the activity of our mind. When (A)  deprived / depriving  of regular intervals of dark and light, the mind can lose its bearings. This is especially true with elderly people. For example, some older people (B)  who / whose brain function is fine at home can become confused when hospitalized where artificial light is always on. The loss of rhythmic light and dark exposure will only worsen their condition. Simply moving the patient to a bed that is near a window and (C)  darkens / darkening  the room at night can significantly improve mental state.

(A)	(B)	(C)

① deprived ······ who  ······ darkens

② deprived ······ whose ······ darkens

③ deprived ······ whose ······ darkening

④ depriving ······ who  ······ darkens

⑤ depriving ······ whose ······ darkening

003 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 고1 모의평가

Some study guides advocate filling out elaborate calendars so you will know ① what you are supposed to be doing during every minute, hour, and day throughout the entire semester. They would have you ② to allocate the time periods to study each subject, to eat meals, to engage in athletic events, to socialize with friends, and so forth. I feel that this approach is a serious mistake. Not only ③ will students be unwilling to follow such schedules, it is undesirable for humans to attempt such strict arrangements. ④ Following such a schedule would lead you to feel that your whole life is predetermined and you would quickly become bored with your studies. Use calendars for their intended purpose to record significant dates. Write down the dates of important events, such as exams and deadlines for term papers, so you will know how much time you have to prepare for them. Don’t let calendars ⑤ regulate your life.

004 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은? 고2 모의평가

Psychologists have noted a strong difference that separates Western from Chinese thought: the way each culture explains social events. Suppose, for example, that you see a person (A)  driving / drove  carelessly through a red traffic light. Westerners are more likely to criticize the person, assuming he generally cares little for the safety of others. In contrast, East Asians including Chinese are more likely to believe that the driver (B)  has forced / has been forced  to drive fast because he’s in the midst of an emergency. Perhaps he’s transporting someone to the hospital, or perhaps he’s going to school (C)  to pick up / picking up  a sick child. In other words, the person is behaving badly because he’s responding to the situation, and not because he’s irresponsible.

(A)	(B)	(C)

① driving ······ has forced      ······ to pick up

② driving ······ has been forced ······ to pick up

③ driving ······ has been forced ······ picking up

④ drove ······ has forced        ····· picking up

⑤ drove ······ has been forced ······ to pick up

005 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은? 고2 모의평가

Sports involve your brain as much as your body: you have to understand plays, see the field and know your next move, block out the crowd, and ① concentrate on your performance. You also need to control ② anxiety and negative thoughts. It takes practice to develop these ③ mental skills, which is no different from the development of physical skills. Dr. Alan Goldberg, a sports psychologist, says that most performance problems that athletes struggle with are not a result of ④ adequate coaching or a lack of physical skills or technical ability. When the heat of competition is turned up, the individual performer or team that falls apart most often does so because of mental factors like poor concentration, negativity, lack of confidence, or an ⑤ inability to let go of mistakes.

006 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은? 고2 모의평가

When human beings take in excess energy in the form of food at a given meal or snack, the extra calories tend to reduce hunger at the next meal or snack. But this mechanism doesn't seem to be fully functional when (A)  excess / insufficient  calories are consumed in the form of liquids. If, for example, you begin taking in an extra 200 calories a day by eating a sandwich, you’ll tend to (B)  reduce / increase  your caloric intake by the same amount at the next meal or over the course of the day. On the other hand, if you take in an extra 200 calories by drinking a soft drink, your body won’t activate the same mechanism, and you probably won’t end up reducing your daily caloric intake at all. In the long run, you'll end up (C)  losing / gaining  weight.

*mechanism: 작동 방식

(A)         (B)        (C)

① excess    ······ reduce ······ losing

② excess    ······ reduce ······ gaining

③ excess    ······ increase ······ gaining

④ insufficient ······ reduce ······ gaining

⑤ insufficient ······ increase ······ losing

007 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은? 고2 모의평가

In order to succeed, a work of art must be above a certain minimum size, but this ① requirement is not about the nature of art so much as about the nature of the human perceptive apparatus. Without ② sufficient size, no object can be perceived as having parts that can be arranged in a pattern, or a perceptible structure. A lion or a shark, therefore, can be beautiful, because their parts ③ form a meaningful, well-structured whole. A flea, however, cannot be beautiful, not because it is a trifling or disagreeable animal, but because it is too ④ minute for the unaided eye to perceive parts that are arranged meaningfully. A speck cannot possibly by itself be beautiful; beauty is only possible where an object has ⑤ invisible parts.

기출 응용 모의고사 02

001 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 고1 모의평가

① When the Muslims invaded southern Europe in the eighth century, they passed a law forbidding the sale of pork. This was done because the founder of the Muslim religion had declared pork ② to be unclean. This law, of course, didn't change the Europeans’ love of pork, and there soon developed a black market for the meat. In secret transactions, usually ③ conducting at night, farmers would sell to city dwellers pigs concealed in large bags. Occasionally, a dishonest farmer would trick a buyer by ④ selling a bag containing not a pig but a cat. If something went wrong and the bag came open during the transaction, this literally “let the cat out of the bag” and this is ⑤ why revealing a secret is said to be “letting the cat out of the bag.”

002 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은? 고1 모의평가

When Paul Dver was a high school student, he met comedian Soupy Sales and became friends with him. He even occasionally talked to the comedian on the telephone. Paul would tell his fellow high school students (A)  that / whom  he was friends with Soupy Sales, and of course they didn't believe him. One day, he asked Soupy for a favor. Paul and his friends were appearing in a play, and he asked Soupy to record an advertisement for him because if it were recorded in Soupy’s voice, the local radio station would (B)  play / have played  it. Soupy did more than just record the advertisement as written. He threw in some ad-libs and made it funny. Of course, Paul’s high school friends were amazed to hear Soupy’s voice on the radio (C)  advertised / advertising  Paul and his friends’ play.

(A)	(B)	(C)

① that   ······ play	······ advertised

② that   ······ play	······ advertising

③ that   ······ have played ······ advertising

④ whom ······ play	······ advertised

⑤ whom ······ have played ······ advertising

003 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 고2 모의평가

Many people choose to adopt a new pet when their old pet passes away. This is their way of replacing a loss with a gain. We are faced with two choices ① whenever trouble surfaces: we can dwell on the moment and maintain the pain it causes or we can choose to act against it. Acting against adversity means ② cultivating positivity in whatever way you can. If you've lost your job, seek not one ③ but two. If you've recently separated from your significant other, take time to rediscover your personal needs and improve your natural abilities. Most important is not allowing yourself to fall victim to your circumstances; you have the ability ④ to counteract negativity with positivity. Choose, instead, to outsmart your challenges by productively working against them. ⑤ What we hold the power to influence our circumstances is a very reassuring thought.

004 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은? 고2 모의평가

When was the last time you dreamed? I’m not talking about what went down last night (A)  during / while  you were sleeping. I’m talking about really letting your mind think over something major you want to make happen in your life. Can’t remember? Don’t have time for such follies? You need to change that, starting today. Sounds obvious, but the first step toward making a dream come true is to actually have a dream. At some point in your life, you probably wanted something with your whole heart and it didn't happen. And that hurt. You (B)  might stop / might have stopped  dreaming. Maybe you didn't do it consciously, but you began to avoid (C)  to let / letting  yourself go after scary goals. It’s a universal occurrence ― it happens to almost everyone. But you can overcome this common limitation and start dreaming again.

*folly: 어리석은 행위

(A)	(B)	(C)

① during ······ might stop	······ to let

② during ······ might have stopped ······ letting

③ while ······ might stop	······ to let

④ while ······ might have stopped ······ to let

⑤ while ······ might have stopped ······ letting

005 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은? 고1 모의평가

In the not-too-distant future, everyday objects such as shoes, carpets, and toothbrushes will contain technology that ① collects information. You will then be able to personalize these objects, allowing them to change ② physical state like color or respond to your daily mood. They will also be able to exchange data with other objects and send information to other people. For example, your toothbrush will be capable of analyzing your breath and booking an appointment with your doctor if it ③ detects the smell of lung cancer. In other words, what were once just ④ extraordinary objects will be increasingly networked and intelligent. Manufacturers will use the information generated by these smart products to sell you other services or ⑤ enhance your “ownership experience.”

006 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은? 고2 모의평가

A human system of regulating flow is almost always more (A)  responsive / responsible  than a mechanical one. Have you ever had to wait in a car at a red light when there was a lot of traffic on your street and none on the cross street? A policeman would immediately see the situation and adjust the directional flow to meet the momentary need. The same applies to rigid rules in a meet ing. It is hard to get a (B)  constructive / destructive  dialogue going when the participants are only allowed to speak in a fixed order. A human system ― a sensitive moderator ― could adjust to the moment-by-moment needs of the individuals in the group without letting anyone (C)  dominate / donate  the meeting for long. Clearly, every meeting of more than four or five people needs a leader who will keep a balanced conversational flow.

(A)	(B)	(C)

① responsive ······ constructive ······ dominate

② responsive ······ constructive ······ donate

③ responsive ······ destructive ······ dominate

④ responsible ······ constructive ······ dominate

⑤ responsible ······ destructive ······ donate

007 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은? 고2 모의평가

The United States consumes massive amounts of Asia’s industrial products, which benefits the United States as a whole by providing consumers with cheap goods. At the same time, this trade pattern (A)  creates / devastates  certain American economic sectors and regions by undermining domestic industry. What benefits consumers can simultaneously increase unemployment and decrease wages, creating complex political issues within the United States. One of the (B)  characters / characteristics  of the United States is that it tends to be oversensitive to domestic political concerns. Therefore, regardless of the overall benefits of trade with Asia, the United States could end up in a situation where domestic political considerations force it to (C)  change / maintain  its policy toward Asian imports. That possibility represents a serious threat to the interests of Asia.

(A)	(B)	(C)

① creates    ······ characteristics ······ maintain

② creates    ······ characters    ······ change

③ devastates ······ characters    ······ change

④ devastates ······ characteristics ······ change

⑤ devastates ······ characteristics ······ maintain

기출 응용 모의고사 03

001 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 고2 모의평가

Recently, while ① cycled to work, I had my first flat. So I borrowed a pump from a passing cyclist and discovered that the tube was useless. Then I heard someone shouting at me, “What happened?” I turned around and saw the smiling face of another cyclist. I explained my situation to him, ② to which he replied, “I'll buy the tube for you.” I gave him the money and he got on his way. Within 20 minutes my savior was back — but the tube he ③ had bought didn't fit. He willingly turned around for another trip. After half an hour he was back with the full kit and in no time I was good ④ to go. Since that day, I've been on the lookout for other cyclists in trouble ⑤ so that I can repay my debt.

002 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은? 고1 모의평가

The laser pointer, which became popular in the 1990s, was at first typically thick to hold in the hand. Before long, such pointers came in slimmer pocket models and became easier to handle. Still, the laser pointer had its own weaknesses. Batteries were required and had to be replaced, and the shaky hand movements of a nervous lecturer were shown in the sudden motion of the (A)  glowed / glowing  red dot. Moreover, the red dot could be difficult to see against certain backgrounds, thus making the laser pointer (B)  inferior / inferiorly  even to a simple stick. To correct this problem, more advanced and thus more expensive green beam laser pointers came (C)  to introduce / to be introduced .

(A)         (B)	(C)

① glowed ······ inferior  ······ to be introduced

② glowed ······ inferiorly ······ to introduce

③ glowing ······ inferior  ······ to introduce

④ glowing ······ inferior  ······ to be introduced

⑤ glowing ······ inferiorly ······ to be introduced

003 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 고2 모의평가

During the Stone Age, our ancestor’s tools were made of flint, wood, and bone. Anyone who has ever tried to make anything with these kinds of tools knows how limiting ① are they: if you hit a piece of wood it either cracks or snaps. Metals are fundamentally different from these other materials because they can ② be hammered into shape. Not only that, they get stronger when you hit them; you can harden a blade just by hammering ③ it. And you can reverse the process simply by putting metal in a fire and ④ heating it up, which will cause it to get softer. The first people to discover these properties ten thousand years ago had found a material that was almost ⑤ as hard as rock but behaved like a plastic and was almost infinitely reusable. In other words, they had discovered the perfect material for tools, and in particular cutting tools like axes and razors.

004 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은? 고2 모의평가

If you (A)  watch / will watch  airline attendants when flight safety instructions are being given, you'll notice that they hold the life jacket, oxygen mask, and other demonstration materials like pieces of art being auctioned at Christie’s. Why? Because it draws attention to those items and conveys their importance. According to a large restaurant owner, his servers are taught (B)  presenting / to present  trays of food to customers with both hands and with respect. Doing so leaves others with a more favorable impression of the server and the restaurant. The same principle applies to anything you hold while speaking in public. Whether it is a piece of paper, a workbook, or a product, (C)  if / unless  you want to let your audience know what you are holding is important, handle the item with respect and care.

*Christie’s: 크리스티 (미술품 ·골동품) 경매

(A)	(B)        (C)

① watch     ······ presenting ······ if

② watch     ······ to present ······ if

③ will watch ······ presenting ······ unless

④ will watch ······ to present ······ if

⑤ will watch ······ to present ······ unless

005 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은? 고2 모의평가

Most people don’t realize that both help and harm come from within ourselves. Instead, they look to ① externals, attracted by appearances. Wise people, on the other hand, realize that we are the ② source of everything good or bad for us. They therefore don’t blame and accuse others. They don’t convince people they are worthy, special, or ③ distinguished. If wise people experience challenges, they look to themselves; if they are praised by others, they quietly smile to themselves, unmoved; if they are criticized, they don’t feel the need to ④ damage their name. They exercise moderation in everything they do. They know that they only have to watch out for themselves and the direction of their own ⑤ desires.

006 (A), (B), (C) 의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은? 고2 모의평가

Ask anyone on the street if earthworms are good for ecosystems and you will undoubtedly (A)  receive / deceive  a resounding “YES!” When asked why, they may say something like “earthworms mix and enrich the soil.” It is a basic ecological concept that we may have learned as early as kindergarten. However, recent research on invasion of these seemingly benevolent creatures into previously earthworm-free hardwood forests of the Great Lakes Region has seriously (B)  challenged / supported  that belief. Researchers at the University of Minnesota have documented dramatic changes in native hardwood forest ecosystems when exotic earthworms invade. These changes include losses of native understory plant species and tree seedlings, changes in soil structure and declines in nutrient availability. There is also fascinating evidence emerging that the changes caused by exotic earthworms may lead to a series of other changes in the forest that affect small mammal, bird and amphibian populations. These results suggest that exotic earthworms may (C)  protect / threaten  the stability of the ecosystem.

(A)	(B)	(C)

① receive ······ challenged ······ protect

② receive ······ challenged ······ threaten

③ receive ······ supported ······ threaten

④ deceive ······ challenged ······ threaten

⑤ deceive ······ supported ······ protect

007 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은? 고2 모의평가

Other people’s views and troubles can ① spread like a virus. Don’t damage yourself by adopting negative, unproductive attitudes when you talk with others. If you encounter a sorrowful friend, or a colleague who has suffered sudden trouble, be careful not to be overcome by the ② misfortune. Remember to ③ discriminate between events themselves and your interpretations of them. Remind yourself: “What hurts this person is not the occurrence itself but the response he or she has uncritically adopted.” We do a good service to others by remaining ④ detached and avoiding melodramatic reactions. Still, if you find yourself in a conversation with someone who is depressed, hurt, or frustrated, show them kindness and give them a ⑤ unsympathetic ear; just don’t allow yourself to be pulled down too.

기출 응용 모의고사 04

001 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 고2 모의평가

Many of the biggest stars in sports are tough to deal with and rarely ① an agent develops a connection with them during the first encounter. The most important lesson I learned as a sports agent is that it isn't just about ② signing a million-dollar contract. When I am working with a client, there are hundreds of little things ③ that take place during the weeks before we are ready to sit down and negotiate. Small stuff plays a big part in how satisfied and comfortable my clients are with me and my services. I often express interest in their recent vacation or ④ how their children are doing in school. Paying attention to details ⑤ is a huge sign of respect to today’s top athletes.

002 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은? 고1 모의평가

The human voice can form incredibly different sounds, but each individual language (A)  contain / contains  only a subset of potential sound units, or phonemes. One phoneme that occurs in only about twenty percent of the world’s languages is the ejective consonant, such as [p] or [k]. Caleb Everett, an anthropologist, decided to map where this sound occurs. He took a sample of 567 languages spoken around the world and compared the locations and altitudes of those that either contained or ignored ejective consonants. Everett discovered that languages that included ejective consonants were generally spoken at a higher elevation than (B)  that / those  that did not. He suggests that the sounds are more popular at high altitudes because lower air pressure may make it easier (C)  produce / to produce  the burst of air that is a key characteristic of ejective consonants.

(A)	(B)	(C)

① contain  ······ that  ······ produce

② contain  ······ those ······ to produce

③ contains ······ that  ······ produce

④ contains ······ those ······ produce

⑤ contains ······ those ······ to produce

003 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 고1 모의평가

A newly retired executive was bothered when no one called him anymore. His list of calls to return, previously pages long, had vanished altogether. The younger man ① who replaced him at the office had politely declined his offer of a lunch date, claiming he was mastering the job “just fine.” This 68-year-old man was the same person he ② had been six months earlier, but no one sought him out after his retirement. One day, a friend encouraged him ③ to serve as a crossing guard for the elementary school, pointing out that he seemed to be getting more and more ④ depressed and was sleeping in later and later. Skilled in signaling the oncoming cars and getting them ⑤ halt yards before the white lines, he began taking on a straighter posture and a more confident gaze. Then he had found a compelling reason to get out of bed in the morning.

004 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은? 고2 모의평가

Some species of prey are brightly colored all over, and do not show any tendency towards crypsis. It is a little (A)  puzzling / puzzled  that such prey have coloring that makes it very easy for predators to detect them. The puzzle is largely solved when it is realized that such prey are often distasteful. Evidence that it is useful for distasteful prey to be easily detected or conspicuous was reported by Gittleman and Harvey. Chicks were presented with breadcrumbs which (B)  had made / had been made  distasteful. Initially, the chicks ate more of the breadcrumb prey when they were easily detected rather than hard to detect. However, the conspicuous or easily detected prey were eaten (C)  very / much  less than the cryptic prey later on. Presumably chicks find it easier to avoid distasteful prey when it is conspicuous than when it is cryptic.

*crypsis: 은폐

(A)	(B)	(C)

① puzzling ······ had made	······ very

② puzzling ······ had been made ······ very

③ puzzling ······ had been made ······ much

④ puzzled ······ had made	······ much

⑤ puzzled ······ had been made ······ very

005 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은? 고2 모의평가

Though ① efficiency is a great virtue, it is not the only economic goal of interest to the society. Economic fairness is also ② crucial. Fairness refers to the distribution of income and wellbeing, as well as to the ways that government treats its citizens. Most people would regard as ③ fair a market equilibrium in which some individuals are super-rich while others are dying of extreme poverty. In such a circumstance, most people would regard it as fair for the government to tax the super-rich in order to ④ provide basic resources for the poor. Indeed, a solid 63 percent of Americans agree that “It is the ⑤ responsibility of government to take care of people who can’t take care of themselves.”

006 (A), (B), (C) 의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은? 고1 모의평가

The music business is very popular, and many young people like you are (A)  attracted / attractive  towards this industry. As music becomes more accessible, it is increasingly easy for music to be copied. Some budding musicians steal other people’s work by copying popular artists and presenting it in the market as their own work. That is why music licensing is important. To protect your original songs from being stolen and copied, you as an artist can license what you have made and then sell the right to use your work to others. Then, although someone uses your music without (B)  admission / permission , you, the original artist, can still get paid. Licensing protects music from being stolen and (C)  preserves / reserves  both new and older music, and this is why music licensing exists.

(A)	(B)           (C)

① attracted ······ admission ······ preserves

② attracted ······ admission ······ reserves

③ attracted ······ permission ······ preserves

④ attractive ······ permission ······ reserves

⑤ attractive ······ permission ······ preserves

007 (A), (B), (C) 의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은? 고2 모의평가

We live in an age of opportunity: If you've got ambition, drive, and smarts, you can rise to the top of your chosen (A)  profession / professional  ― regardless of where you started out. But with this opportunity comes responsibility. Companies today aren't managing their knowledge workers’ careers. Rather, we must each be our own chief executive officer. Simply put, it’s up to you to keep yourself engaged and (B)  productive / unproductive  during a work life. To do all of these things well, you'll need to cultivate a deep understanding of yourself. What are your most valuable strengths and most dangerous weaknesses? Equally important, how do you learn and work with others? What are your most deeply held values? The (C)  application / implication  is clear: Only when you operate from a combination of your strengths and self-knowledge can you achieve true ― and lasting ― excellence.

(A)	(B)	(C)

① profession  ······ productive  ······ application

② profession  ······ productive  ······ implication

③ profession  ······ unproductive ······ implication

④ professional ······ unproductive ······ application

⑤ professional ······ productive  ······ implication

기출 응용 모의고사 05

001 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 고2 모의평가

Phyllium giganteum, which is called the “walking leaf,” disguises ① itself so that enemies often aren't able to distinguish this insect from real leaves. It can get up to 5 inches long and 3 inches wide. The males have rear wings ② extending to the end of the abdomen. The females don’t have rear wings, and their front wings are narrower and shorter than the abdomen. They lay between 100 and 300 eggs ③ which have very thick shells. They eat plants like oak, eucalyptus, raspberry, and rose. They live ④ mainly in tropical areas of Asia. Since they have a very limited mobility, they only move the necessary distances to eat, remaining ⑤ stably in very small areas and passing their lives almost motionless most of the time.

*abdomen: (곤충의) 복부

002 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은? 고2 모의평가

There is an important difference between having an ideal and (A)  make / making  a rule to live by. The ideal may be a perfect and flawless standard that one would be proud to attain. Such an ideal provides you with a guide, but it should not be a daily standard. Making the ideal into a rule (B)  is / are  digging oneself a trap. If you constantly fall into the trap, you feel so bad about yourself that it becomes increasingly hard to keep (C)  going / to go . The rule needs to be clear, and to direct you toward the ideal if that is what you want, but it also needs to be realistic, if it is not to undermine your self-esteem. That is why it makes more sense to do the best you can ― rather than aim for perfection.

(A)      (B)      (C)

① make  ······ is ······ going

② make  ······ are ······ to go

③ making ······ is ······ going

④ making ······ is ······ to go

⑤ making ······ are ······ going

003 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 고2 모의평가

Caves, like the Pech Merle in southern France, ① are adorned with paintings of white horses with black spots. Past studies of ancient DNA had only turned up evidence of brown and black horses during that time. That led scientists to question ② that the spotted horses were real or fantasy. An international team analyzed DNA from fossilized bones and teeth from 31 prehistoric horses. The samples ③ were recovered from more than a dozen archaeological sites in Siberia, Europe and the Iberian Peninsula. It turned out six of the horses had a genetic mutation that gave rise to a spotted coat, suggesting that ancient artists were drawing ④ what they were seeing. Anthropologist John Shea said that cave artists were in tune with their surroundings ⑤ since they needed to know all they could about their prey to hunt them.

*mutation: 돌연변이

004 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은? 고2 모의평가

To be persuaded by a message, you must pay attention to that message. This simple fact has led to the development of numerous procedures (A)  designs / designed  to attract attention, such as printing signs upside down or backwards, using vivid colors, and using unusual music and sounds. However, unless the sights and sounds are the message, the story does not end here. The audience must attend to the message that accompanies these attention-getters. Therefore, the message itself must be (B)  enough powerful / powerful enough  to command attention. If we continue to attend to the unusual sights and sounds and never hear the message, persuasion will not occur. If the music is too catchy, for example, we may remember the music and not the product that (C)  is advertising / is being advertised .

(A)	(B)	(C)

① designs ···· enough powerful ···· is advertising

② designs ···· powerful enough ···· is being advertised

③ designed ···· enough powerful ···· is advertising

④ designed ···· enough powerful ···· is being advertised

⑤ designed ···· powerful enough ···· is being advertised

005 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은? 고2 모의평가

Thinking is hard work. If you do not keep your working memory clear, then you are ① weakening your ability to think about what is going on in your class or meeting. This might seem ② obvious, but if you look around the room at many meetings, you will find yourself face-to-face with one of the true demons of modern life: multitasking. Sitting in a meeting, you will see that some people are taking care of work that is ③ unrelated to the current meeting. Others are checking their e-mail. Still others are reading. Each of these ④ activities takes up your working memory. You cannot ⑤ minimize the quality of the new knowledge you are taking in if you do not give yourself every opportunity to pay attention.

006 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은? 고2 모의평가

You probably know that you can’t tickle yourself. Although you might be able to tickle a total stranger, your brain also strongly discourages you from doing something so socially (A)  awkward / comfortable . These facts offer insight into tickling’s (B)  evolutionary / revolutionary  purpose, says Robert R. Provine, the author of the book Laughter: A Scientific Investigation. Tickling, he says, is partly a mechanism for social bonding between close companions and helps strengthen relationships between family members and friends. Laughter in (C)  response / respondent  to tickling kicks in during the first few months of life. “It’s one of the first forms of communication between babies and their caregivers,” Provine says. The face-to-face activity also opens the door for other interactions.

(A)	(B)	(C)

① awkward    ······ evolutionary ······ response

② awkward    ······ revolutionary ······ response

③ awkward    ······ revolutionary ······ respondent

④ comfortable ······ evolutionary ······ respondent

⑤ comfortable ······ revolutionary ······ respondent

007 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은? 고2 모의평가

People make purchasing decisions by choosing between alternatives or by rejecting certain options. But a new study finds that focusing on rejecting an option can lead consumers to ① reverse their preferences. When consumers reject options, they need to decide which alternative they do not want, so they focus on options that are less preferred in order to ② assess if they should reject those options. This shift of focus makes them more likely to notice ③ unattractive features of the initially less preferred option. For example, a newly married couple who prefers an apartment closer to the subway station because of easy ④ access to it, but doesn't have enough money, was told to select an apartment to “reject”: an apartment closer to the subway station or a less expensive one farther from the station. Simply ⑤ instructing them to decide which one they would like to ‘reject’ makes them more likely to choose the less expensive apartment as their place to live in.

기출 응용 모의고사 06

001 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 고1 모의평가

Several animal species help other ① injured animals survive. Dolphins need to reach the surface of the water to breathe. If a dolphin is wounded so ② severe that it cannot swim to the surface by itself, other dolphins group themselves under it, pushing it upward to the air. If necessary, ③ they will keep doing this for several hours. The same kind of thing happens among elephants. A fallen elephant is likely to have difficulty ④ breathing because of its own weight, or it may overheat in the sun. Many elephant experts have reported that when an elephant falls down, other members of the group try ⑤ to raise it to its feet.

002 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은? 고2 모의평가

Sometimes children may want to do more than they are capable of doing. For example, the five-year-old son of a friend of (A)  our / ours  went on a hike with his father. At one point the boy asked his father to let him carry a heavy backpack the way the “big people” do. Without saying a word, the father took his backpack off and handed it to his son, who immediately discovered that it was too heavy for him (B)  carry / to carry . The boy simply exclaimed, “Dad, it’s too heavy for me.” He then went happily on his way up the trail. In a safe way the father had allowed his son to discover experientially (C)  who / that  he was, indeed, too small. He had also avoided a potential argument with his son.

(A)      (B)	(C)

① our ······ carry    ······ that

② our ······ to carry ······ who

③ ours ······ carry   ······ who

④ ours ······ to carry ······ who

⑤ ours ······ to carry ······ that

003 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? 고2 모의평가

It was once considered an amazing achievement to reach the summit of Mount Everest. It was even a national honor to have a climber ① waving a national flag there. But now that almost 4,000 people have reached its summit, the achievement means less than it ② did a half century ago. In 1963, six people reached the top, but in the spring of 2012, the summit was crowded with more than 500 people. Then what makes ③ that possible for so many people to reach the summit? One important factor is improved weather forecasting. In the past, lack of information led expeditions to attempt the summit ④ whenever their team members were ready. Today, with hyper-accurate satellite forecasts, all teams know exactly ⑤ when the weather will be perfect for climbing, and they often go for the top on the same days.

004 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은? 고2 모의평가

The essence of sports is competition. However, it is in the best interest of professional sports clubs for this competition to occur on the playing field, not in the marketplace. The reason is easily observable. Imagine that sports clubs competed for fans in purely competitive markets. The more successful clubs would sell more tickets and would naturally earn higher profits, (A)  which / that  would allow these clubs to attract the best players through higher salaries. Over time, these clubs would become so much stronger than the (B)  less / least  successful teams that competition on the playing field would become boring for spectators. Weak teams would eventually be forced into bankruptcy, and strong teams would lose fans. Therefore, a professional sports club’s economic decisions and (C)  that / those  of its rivals are interdependent.

(A)      (B)     (C)

① which ······ less ······ that

② which ······ less ······ those

③ that  ······ least ······ that

④ that  ······ less ······ those

⑤ that  ······ least ······ those

005 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은? 고2 모의평가

By nearly all insider and expert ① accounts, we are or will be at peak oil somewhere between now and the next five years. Even if we did not have profound concerns about climate change, we would need to be looking for different ways to ② power our civilization. How fortunate we are to have a safe nuclear ③ facility a mere ninety-three million miles away. I hope I live to see the full flourishing of solar technology. Concentrated solar power to superheat steam, electric mobility and electricity storage are part of this new quest. My hope is that architects will be drawn to ④ designating gorgeous arrays and solar towers in the desert. Could it be possible that in two or three ⑤ decades we will look back and wonder why we ever thought we had a problem when we are bathed in such a sweet rain of photons?

006 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은? 고2 모의평가

Debating is as old as language itself and has taken many forms throughout human history. In ancient Rome, debate in the Senate was (A)  critic / critical  to the conduct of civil society and the justice system. In Greece, advocates for policy changes would routinely make their cases before citizen juries (B)  composed / supposed  of hundreds of Athenians. In India, debate was used to settle religious controversies and was a very popular form of entertainment. Indian kings sponsored great debating contests, offering prizes for the winners. China has its own ancient and (C)  distinguished / extinguished  tradition of debate. Beginning in the 2nd Century AD, Taoist and Confucian scholars engaged in a practice known as “pure talk” where they debated spiritual and philosophical issues before audiences in contests that might last for a day and a night.

(A)	(B)	(C)

① critic  ······ composed ······ distinguished

② critic  ······ supposed ······ extinguished

③ critical ······ composed ······ distinguished

④ critical ······ composed ······ extinguished

⑤ critical ······ supposed ······ distinguished

007 (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은? 고2 모의평가

Warren Buffett once said, “You can determine the strength of a business over time by the amount of agony they go through in raising prices.” Buffett and his partner, Charlie Munger, realized that as customers form routines around a product, they come to (A)  defend / depend  upon it and become less price-sensitive. Buffett and Munger understand that habits give companies greater flexibility to (B)  reduce / increase  prices. For example, in the free-to-play video game business, it is standard practice for game developers to delay asking users to pay money until they have played consistently and habitually. Once the compulsion to play is in place and the desire to (C)  process / progress  in the game increases, converting users into paying customers is much easier. Selling virtual items, extra lives, and special powers is where the real money lies.

(A)	(B)	(C)

① defend ······ reduce ······ process

② defend ······ increase ······ process

③ depend ······ reduce ······ progress

④ depend ······ increase ······ process

⑤ depend ······ increase ······ progress