수능 Light (2016년 개정판)

Gateway

01 글의 목적 파악

다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Dear Mr. Johnson,

I would like to thank you for approving my request that the company pay for my college tuition. Today, Human Resources informed me that you had signed my request for payment. I want to tell you that this financial relief will make a great difference in my life. Now, I can focus more on my job. This will enable me to perform better at my work and contribute more to the company. Once again, I appreciate your support of my tuition and your faith in me.

Sincerely,

Warwick Smith        * Human Resource 인사 부서

① 학비 지원 승인에 감사하려고

② 대학 입학 추천서를 부탁하려고

③ 장학금 신청 자격을 문의하려고

④ 급여 인상 계획 승인을 요청하려고

⑤ 업무 효율성 향상 방안을 제안하려고

| 정답 | ①

| 해석 |Mr. Johnson 귀하

제 대학 등록금을 회사에서 지불해달라는 요청을 승인해 주신 것에 대해 감사드리고 싶습니다. 오늘, 귀하께서 제 (대학 등록금) 지불 요청에 서명해 주셨다고 인사 부서에서 알려주었습니다. 이 재정적 지원이 제 삶에 커다란 영향을 미치리라는 것을 말씀드리고 싶습니다. 이제, 저는 제 일에 더 집중할 수 있습니다. 이렇게 함으로써 저는 제 일을 더 잘 수행하여 회사에 더 많은 기여를 할 수 있을 것입니다. 다시 한 번, 제 등록금 지원과 제게 보여 주신 신뢰에 대해 감사드립니다.

Warwick Smith 드림

1.Where does the given sentence best fit?

Dear Mr. Johnson,

This will enable me to perform better at my work and contribute more to the company.

I would like to thank you for approving my request that the company pay for my college tuition. ①Today, Human Resources informed me that you had signed my request for payment.② I want to tell you that this financial relief will make a great difference in my life. ③Now, I can focus more on my job. ④Once again, I appreciate your support of my tuition and your faith in me.⑤

Sincerely,

Warwick Smith

2. Which of the underlined parts is grammatically incorrect?

Dear Mr. Johnson,

I would like to thank you for approving my request ①that the company② pays for my college tuition. Today, Human Resources informed me that you ③ had signed my request for payment. I want to tell you ④that this financial relief will make a great difference in my life. Now, I can focus more on my job. This will enable me ⑤ to perform better at my work and contribute more to the company. Once again, I appreciate your support of my tuition and your faith in me.

Sincerely,

Warwick Smith

정답: 4. 2.

1 다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은?

I was more than happy to receive your letter this week requesting a letter of reference for a Future Leaders scholarship. As your science teacher, I can certainly speak to your academic abilities: Your grades in my class have always been As. I don't feel, though, that I'm in the best position to provide information on your leadership skills. This semester is the first semester I've had you in class. Of course, teachers talk among themselves, and you are spoken of as a leader among your peers. But I would encourage you to request a reference letter from those teachers with whom you've had the most opportunity to demonstrate those skills. I'm sure many

teachers would be both willing and better suited to provide letters for you. Good luck to you with your scholarship.

① 과학 성적을 확인해 주려고      ② 리더십 배양을 독려하려고

③ 장학금 혜택을 취소하려고       ④ 추천서 부탁을 거절하려고

⑤ 사제 간 편지 쓰기를 권장하려고

01

| 정답 | ④

| 소재 | 추천서 부탁의 거절

| 해석 | 나는 이번 주에‘미래의 지도자’장학금 추천서를 부탁하는 학생의 편지를 받게 되어 매우 기뻤어요. 학생의 과학 교사로서 나는 분명히 학생의 학업 능력을 입증할 수 있어요. 내 수업에서 학생은 늘A를 받아 왔지요. 하지만 나는 학생의 리더십에 대해 정보를 제공할수 있는 최적의 위치에 있다고 생각하지는 않아요. 이번 학기가 내가 학생을 내 수업에서 처음 가르친 학기예요. 물론 선생님들은 그분들끼리 (학생들에 대해 이런저런) 말씀을 나누시고, 학생은 동료학생들 중에서 리더로 이야기되고 있어요. 하지만 나는 학생이 그러한 리더십을 입증할 기회가 가장 많았던 그런 선생님들께 추천서를 부탁드리라고 권하고 싶군요. 틀림없이 많은 선생님들께서 기꺼이 학생에게 추천서를 써 주실 뿐 아니라 그렇게 하시는 데 더 적합하실 거예요. 장학금 신청에 행운이 있기를 빌어요.

| Solution Guide |

장학금을 신청하기 위해 추천서를 부탁하는 학생의 편지를 받고 자신의 입장을 밝히는 그 학생의 과학 교사가 쓴 편지글이다. 필자는 학생을 가르친 것이 이번 학기 한 번에 불과하므로 학생의 리더십을 입증할 만한 충분한 위치에 있지 않다는 이유를 들어 추천서 부탁을 정중하게 거절하고 있다. 따라서 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은 ④이다.

| Structure in Focus |

□ But I would encourage you to request a reference letter from those teachers [with whom you’ve had the most opportunity {to demonstrate those skills}].

[ ]로 표시된 부분은 those teachers를 수식하는 관계절이고, 그안에서  {  }가 the most opportunity를 수식한다.  {  } 안의those skills는 앞에서 언급된 your leadership skills를 대신한다.

□ receive 받다                       □ request 부탁하다            □ letter of reference  추천서

□ scholarship 장학금                 □ science 과학                □ speak to   ~을 입증하다

□ certainly 확실히                   □ academic 학업의             □ grade 성적, 평점

□ though, 하지만                    □ position 지위, 위치           □ provide 제공하다

□ leadership    지도, 지도력         □ skill 기술, 능력              □ semester 학기

□ leader 리더, 지도자                □ peer 동료, 또래

□ encourage A to V  A에게 to V 하라고 권하다                       □ opportunity 기회

□ demonstrate   증명하다, 입증하다   □ be willing to V    기꺼이 ~하다

□ suited 적합한, 적당한

Which of the following is suitable for the blank?

I was more than happy to receive your letter this week requesting a letter of reference for a Future Leaders scholarship. As your science teacher, I can certainly speak to your academic abilities: Your grades in my class have always been As. I don't feel, though, that I'm in the best position to provide information on your leadership skills. This semester is the first semester I've had you in class. Of course, teachers talk among themselves, and you are spoken of as a leader among your peers. But I would encourage you to _______ a reference letter from those teachers with whom you've had the most opportunity to demonstrate those skills. I'm sure many teachers would be both willing and better suited to provide letters for you. Good luck to you with your scholarship.

① request	② reject     ③ retreat	④ redefine      ⑤ recommend

2. Where does the given sentence best fit?

I don't feel, though, that I'm in the best position to provide information on your leadership skills.

I was more than happy to receive your letter this week requesting a letter of reference for a Future Leaders scholarship. ①As your science teacher, I can certainly speak to your academic abilities: Your grades in my class have always been As. ②This semester is the first semester I've had you in class. ③Of course, teachers talk among themselves, and you are spoken of as a leader among your peers. ④But I would encourage you to request a reference letter from those teachers with whom you've had the most opportunity to demonstrate those skills. ⑤I'm sure many teachers would be both willing and better suited to provide letters for you. Good luck to you with your scholarship.

3. Choose the correct word for (A), (B), (C) respectively.

I was more than happy to receive your letter this week (A) requested/ requesting a letter of reference for a Future Leaders scholarship. As your science teacher, I can certainly speak to your academic abilities: Your grades in my class have always been As. I don't feel, though, that I'm in the best position to provide information on your leadership skills. This semester is the first semester I've had you in class. Of course, teachers talk among themselves, and you(B) speak/  are spoken of as a leader among your peers. But I would encourage you to request a reference letter from those teachers (C)whom/ with whom you've had the most opportunity to demonstrate those skills. I'm sure many teachers would be both willing and better suited to provide letters for you. Good luck to you with your scholarship.

① requesting	-speak	with whom   ② requesting	-are spoken	with whom

③ requesting	-are spoken	whom        ④ requested	-speak	whom

⑤ requested	-are spoken	with whom

4. Which is the correct order of the three sentences after  the given passage?

I was more than happy to receive your letter this week requesting a letter of reference for a Future Leaders scholarship.As your science teacher, I can certainly speak to your academic abilities: Your grades in my class have always been As.

(A) But I would encourage you to request a reference letter from those teachers with whom you've had the most opportunity to demonstrate those skills.

(B) I don't feel, though, that I'm in the best position to provide information on your leadership skills. This semester is the first semester I've had you in class. Of course, teachers talk among themselves, and you are spoken of as a leader among your peers.

(C)I'm sure many teachers would be both willing and better suited to provide letters for you. Good luck to you with your scholarship.

① (A)-(B)-(C)  ②(B)-(A)-(C)  ③(B)-(C)-(A)  ④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

정답: 1. 2. 2.   2

2. 다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Dickinson Public Library has a new computer sign-in system for patrons calling the Cassie Computer System.

To use the public computers, patrons use their library card number to sign up for a computer. The new system not only allows users faster access to the computers but also helps protect their privacy by assigning them a random number when there is a waiting list. The new system also helps keep track of printing so that patrons know how many pages they are printing before they officially print their documents. Patrons have adjusted to the new system and commented that it is easy to use, helps by monitoring their time, and allows them to choose which computer they want.

① 도서 대출 절차 변경을 공지하려고

② 개인정보가 담긴 문서 폐기를 당부하려고

③ 공공기관 컴퓨터 사용 시 유의사항을 강조하려고

④ 도서관에 도입된 새로운 컴퓨터 체계를 소개하려고

⑤ 공공장소에서의 개인정보 유출 위험성을 경고하려고

02

| 정답 | ④

| 소재 |

도서관에 새로 도입된‘Cassie 컴퓨터 체계’

| 해석 |

Dickinson 공공 도서관에는‘Cassie 컴퓨터 체계’라고 불리는 도서관 이용자들을 위한 새로운 컴퓨터 로그인 체계가 있습니다. 공공 컴퓨터를 사용하려면, 도서관 이용자들은 도서관 카드 번호를 사용하여 컴퓨터를 신청합니다.새로운 (컴퓨터) 체계는 사용자들이 컴퓨터에 더 빠르게 접속할 수 있게 해 줄 뿐만 아니라 대기자 명단이 있을 때 무작위 번호를 부여하여 그들의 사생활을 보호하는 데 도움을 주기도 합니다. 새로운 (컴퓨터) 체계는 도서관 이용자들이 공식적으로 문서를 출력하기 전에 자신들이 얼마나 많은 페이지를 출력하고 있는지를 알도록 출력에 대해 계속 알고 있는 데 도움을 주기도 합니다. 도서관 이용자들은 새로운 (컴퓨터) 체계에 적응했고, 그것이 사용하기 쉽고, (사용) 시간을 모니터하여 도움을 주며, 어느 컴퓨터를 원하는지를 선택할 수 있게 해 준다는 의견을 말했습니다.

| Solution Guide |

도서관에 새로 도입된‘Cassie 컴퓨터 체계’의 특징과 장점을 소개하고 있는 글이다. 따라서 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은 ④이다.

| Structure in Focus |

□ The new system also helps keep track of printing [so that patrons know {how many pages they are printing} before they officially print their documents]. [ ]로 표시된 부분은 부사절로 목적‘( ~하도록’)을 나타낸다.{  }로 표시된 부분은 의문절로know의 목적어 역할을 한다.

□ Patrons have [adjusted to the new system] and [commented that it {is easy to use}, {helps by

monitoring their time}, and {allows them to choose which computer they want}].

두 개의 [ ]로 표시된 부분이 and로 연결되어 have에 이어진다. 두 번째 [ ]에서  {  }로 표시된 세 개의 동사구는 and로 연결되어 주어인 it의 술어동사의 역할을 한다.

Which of the underlined parts is grammatically incorrect?

Dickinson Public Library has a new computer sign-in system for patrons ①calling the Cassie Computer System.To use the public computers, patrons use their library card number to sign up for a computer. The new system not only allows users faster access to the computers but also② help protect their privacy by assigning them a random number when there is a waiting list. The new system also helps keep track of printing so that patrons know ③ how many pages they are printing before they officially print their documents. Patrons ④have adjusted to the new system and commented that it is easy to use, helps by monitoring their time, and allows them ⑤to choose which computer they want.

2.  Which is the correct order of the three sentences after  the given passage?

Dickinson Public Library has a new computer sign-in system for patrons calling the Cassie Computer System.

(A) The new system also helps keep track of printing so that patrons know how many pages they are printing before they officially print their documents.

(B) To use the public computers, patrons use their library card number to sign up for a computer. The new system not only allows users faster access to the computers but also helps protect their privacy by assigning them a random number when there is a waiting list.

(C)  Patrons have adjusted to the new system and commented that it is easy to use, helps by monitoring their time, and allows them to choose which computer they want.

① (A)-(B)-(C)  ②(B)-(A)-(C)  ③(B)-(C)-(A)  ④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

3.  Which of the underlined is NOT suitable in the context?

Dickinson Public Library has a new computer sign-in system for patrons calling the Cassie Computer System.

To use the public computers, patrons use their library card number to① sign up for a computer. The new system not only allows users ② faster access to the computers but also helps ③ protect their privacy by assigning them a random number when there is a waiting list. The new system also helps keep track of printing so that patrons know how many pages they are printing before they officially print their documents. Patrons have ④adopted to the new system and commented that it is easy to use, helps by ⑤monitoring their time, and allows them to choose which computer they want.

4. Which of the following is suitable for the blank?

Dickinson Public Library has a new computer sign-in system for patrons calling the Cassie Computer System.

To use the public computers, patrons use their library card number to sign up for a computer. The new system not only allows users faster access to the computers but also helps protect their privacy by assigning them a random number when there is a waiting list. The new system also helps keep track of printing so that patrons know _________________ before they officially print their documents. Patrons have adjusted to the new system and commented that it is easy to use, helps by monitoring their time, and allows them to choose which computer they want.

① how to use it            ② when to print             ③ which computer they use

④ why they are printing     ⑤ how many pages they are printing

3. 다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Dear Mr. Parker,

I am writing to bring to your attention the extra effort extended by Mark Richards, who works in the electronics department of your store. My husband and I recently purchased a 24-inch Pentatronic television set which had to be replaced. We are senior citizens, and could not easily get the TV back to the store. We conveyed that information to Value-Mart, and Mr. Richards called us within a day. Not only did he personally come to our house to pick up the TV, but he brought a replacement model and set it up for us. We have always appreciated Value-Mart for its prices. Now we can also praise your customer service.

Sincerely

Laura Ashley

① TV 수상기 교체 방문 서비스 제공에 대해 문의하려고

② 직원의 친절한 서비스에 대해 감사함을 전하려고

③ 가격 대비 성능이 좋은 TV 수상기를 홍보하려고

④ 새로 구입한 TV 수상기의 문제점에 대해 항의하려고

⑤ 고객 만족 서비스 설문조사에 참여해 줄 것을 부탁하려고

03

| 정답 | ②

| 소재 |

직원의 서비스에 대한 칭찬

| 해석 |

Mr. Parker 귀하

저는 귀하의 가게의 전자제품 부서에서 일하는 Mark Richards가 베푼 특별한 노력을 귀하께 알려드리기 위해 편지를 쓰고 있습니다. 제 남편과 저는 최근에 24인치 Pentatronic 텔레비전을 구입했는데 교체를 해야만 했습니다. 우리는 고령자들이라 쉽게TV를 다시 가게로 가져갈 수 없었습니다. 우리는 그런 사실을 Value-Mart에 전달했고, Richards 씨가 하루도 안 돼 우리에게 전화를 했습니다. 그 사람은TV를 수거하러 직접 우리 집에 왔을 뿐만 아니라, 교체 모델을 가지고 와서 우리를 위해 설치해주기도 했습니다. 우리는 상품 가격에 대해 항상 Value-Mart에 감사한 마음을 가지고 있었습니다. 이제 우리는 귀사의 고객 서비스 또한 칭찬할 수 있습니다.

Laura Ashley 드림

| Solution Guide |

교체해야 하는 텔레비전을 수거하러 직접 집에 오고 새 모델로 교체 및 설치까지 해 준 직원의 친절한 서비스에 대해 감사함을 전하는 글이므로 글의 목적으로는 ②가 가장 적절하다.

Words & Phrases

❍ extend 베풀다, 주다 ❍ electronics 전자제품 ❍ replace 교체하다

❍ convey 전달하다 ❍ appreciate 감사하다

Which of the underlined parts is grammatically incorrect?

Dear Mr. Parker,

I am writing to bring to your attention the extra effort ①extended by Mark Richards, who works in the electronics department of your store. My husband and I recently purchased a 24-inch Pentatronic television set which had to ②be replaced. We are senior citizens, and could not easily get the TV back to the store. We conveyed that information to Value-Mart, and Mr. Richards called us within a day. Not only  ③did he personally come to our house  ④to pick up the TV, but he brought a replacement model and ⑤set  up it  for us. We have always appreciated Value-Mart for its prices. Now we can also praise your customer service.

Sincerely

Laura Ashley

2. [서술형 논술형 4] 다음 글을 읽고 Laura가 이 글을 쓴 목적에 <조건>에 맞게 쓰시오.

Dear Mr. Parker,

I am writing to bring to your attention the extra effort extended by Mark Richards, who works in the electronics department of your store. My husband and I recently purchased a 24-inch Pentatronic television set which had to be replaced. We are senior citizens, and could not easily get the TV back to the store. We conveyed that information to Value-Mart, and Mr. Richards called us within a day. Not only did he personally come to our house to pick up the TV, but he brought a replacement model and set it up for us. We have always appreciated Value-Mart for its prices. Now we can also praise your customer service.

Sincerely

Laura Ashley

< 조건> 각각 한 단어로 쓸 것.   - To     his or her gratitude for the

3.  Which of the underlined is NOT suitable in the context?

Dear Mr. Parker,

I am writing to bring to your attention the extra effort ① extended by Mark Richards, who works in the electronics department of your store. My husband and I recently purchased a 24-inch Pentatronic television set which had to be  ②replaced. We are senior citizens, and could not easily get the TV back to the store. We conveyed that information to Value-Mart, and Mr. Richards called us within a day. Not only did he personally come to our house to pick up the TV, but he brought a ③replacement model and set it up for us. We have always④ appreciated Value-Mart for its prices. Now we can also ⑤  criticize  your customer service.

Sincerely

Laura Ashley

정답: 5.   express, customer, service   5.

04. 다음 글의 목적으로 적절한 것은?

Dear Ms. Gonzales:

Last week when I visited your antique jewelry shop in San Diego, I bought what I believed was a cigarette case from the 1930s. At least that was how it was described on the sales label. When I mentioned to you that I was excited to give the case to my boyfriend because he collects cigarette cases, you confirmed that it was indeed a period piece. However, when I returned to Atlanta and gave him the case, he said it was beautiful but on closer examination said it was made in the late 1960s. You can imagine how disappointed I was and still am. Perhaps it was an error on your part. Nevertheless, I am returning the case via overnight delivery and expect a refund as soon as possible.

Sincerely,

Kathy Williams

① 남자친구에게 줄 선물을 상의 하려고

② 구매한 상품 품질에 대해  의견을 제시하려고

③ 제조연도에 따른 상품차이를 설명하려고

④ 구매한 상품에 대해 환불을 요구하려고

⑤ 구매한 상품의 제조연도를 확인하려고

04| 정답 | ④

| 소재 | 골동품 구매

| 해석 |Ms. Gonzales 귀하

저번 주 내가 San Diego에 있는 댁의 골동품 장신구 가게를 방문했을 때 1930년대의 담배 케이스라고 내가 믿었던 상품을 구매했습니다. 적어도 세일 라벨에는 그렇게 적혀 있었습니다. 내가 댁한테 남자친구가 담배 케이스를 수집하기 때문에 그것을 그에게 줄수 있어 신난다고 말했을 때 댁은 그것이 확실히 시대물이라고 확인해 주었습니다. 그러나 내가 Atlanta로 돌아와 그에게 케이스를주었을 때 그는 그것이 아름답기는 하지만 더 자세히 검사해 보니1960년대 말에 만들어진 것이라고 말했습니다. 댁은 내가 얼마나 실망했고 지금도 그러한지 짐작할 수 있을 것입니다. 아마도 그것은 그쪽의 실수였을 것입니다. 그렇지만 나는 그 케이스를 익일 배송으로 돌려보내며 되도록 빨리 환불을 기대합니다.

Kathy Williams 올림

| Solution Guide |

구입한 골동품 담배 케이스가 라벨에서 확인한 연도와 다른 시대에만들어졌음에 대해 판매자를 상대로 이의를 제기하고 환불을 요청하는 글이므로 글의 목적으로는 ④가 가장 적절하다.

| Structure in Focus |

□ Last week when I visited your antique jewelry shop in San Diego, I bought [what {I believed} was a cigarette case from the 1930s]. [ ]로 표시한 부분은 what이 이끄는 명사절로 bought의 목적어역할을 한다. { }로 표시된 부분은 주어 what과 was 사이에 삽입된 절이다.

□ You can imagine [how disappointed I was and still am]. [ ]로 표시한 의문사 how로 시작하는 절은 imagine의 목적어이다.

Words & Phrases

❍ antique 골동품(의) ❍ describe 기술하다, 서술하다 ❍ confirm 확인하다 ❍ period piece 시대물

❍  error 실수, 오류 ❍ refund 환불 ❍ jewelry 장신구 ❍ label 라벨 ❍ indeed 확실히 ❍ via ~을 통하여

❍  cigarette 담배 ❍  mention 말하다 ❍ examination 검사, 조사 ❍  overnight delivery 익일 배송

내용과 일치하지 않은 것을 고르시오

Dear Ms. Gonzales:

Last week when I visited your antique jewelry shop in San Diego, I bought what I believed was a cigarette case from the 1930s. At least that was how it was described on the sales label. When I mentioned to you that I was excited to give the case to my boyfriend because he collects cigarette cases, you confirmed that it was indeed a period piece. However, when I returned to Atlanta and gave him the case, he said it was beautiful but on closer examination said it was made in the late 1960s. You can imagine how disappointed I was and still am. Perhaps it was an error on your part. Nevertheless, I am returning the case via overnight delivery and expect a refund as soon as possible.

Sincerely,

Kathy Williams

① She has visited San Diego.

② She bought a cigarette case for her boyfriend who collects cigarette cases.

③ Her boyfriend only collects the cigarette case in the 1930s.

④  She became dissatisfied with having bought a more recent cigarette case than she thought.

⑤  She wrote a letter to get a refund for the cigarette case.

2.  Which is the correct order of the three sentences after  the given passage?

Dear Ms. Gonzales:

Last week when I visited your antique jewelry shop in San Diego, I bought what I believed was a cigarette case from the 1930s.

(A) However, when I returned to Atlanta and gave him the case, he said it was beautiful but on closer examination said it was made in the late 1960s. You can imagine how disappointed I was and still am.

(B) At least that was how it was described on the sales label. When I mentioned to you that I was excited to give the case to my boyfriend because he collects cigarette cases, you confirmed that it was indeed a period piece.

(C) Perhaps it was an error on your part. Nevertheless, I am returning the case via overnight delivery and expect a refund as soon as possible.

Sincerely,

Kathy Williams

① (A)-(B)-(C)	② (B)-(A)-(C)     ③ (B)-(C)-(A)	④ (C)-(A)-(B)    ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

3. Where does the given sentence best fit?

However, when I returned to Atlanta and gave him the case, he said it was beautiful but on closer examination said it was made in the late 1960s.

Dear Ms. Gonzales:

Last week when I visited your antique jewelry shop in San Diego, I bought what I believed was a cigarette case from the 1930s. ①At least that was how it was described on the sales label. ②When I mentioned to you that I was excited to give the case to my boyfriend because he collects cigarette cases, you confirmed that it was indeed a period piece.  ③You can imagine how disappointed I was and still am.④ Perhaps it was an error on your part. Nevertheless, I am returning the case via overnight delivery and expect a refund as soon as possible.⑤

Sincerely,

Kathy Williams

정답: 3. 2. 3.

02 주제 추론

Gateway

& 글의 주제로 적절한 것을 고르시오

Do you have the emotional state of mind to become a leader? People pay close attention to a leader's subtle expressions of emotion through body language and facial expression. Some emotions such as enthusiasm can quickly become contagious. Others, such as depression or discouragement, can drag down the entire organization. Leaders with positive emotional states of mind are like human magnets. People naturally gravitate to them and want to follow them. Such leaders inspire enthusiasm in their organizations and attract the best people to work for them. Conversely, leaders who emit negative emotional states of mind, who are irritable and bossy, repel people and have few followers.

① reasons for leaders to hide their emotions

② influence of leaders' emotional states on people

③ necessity for analyzing leaders' states of mind

④ various ways of staying away from bad leaders

⑤ ways of strengthening emotional bonds among leaders

정답: ②

여러분은 지도자가 되기 위한 마음의 감정 상태를 갖추고 있는가? 사람들은 신체 언어와 얼굴 표정을 통해 지도자의 감지하기 힘든 감정 표현에 세심한 주의를 기울인다. 열정과 같은 어떤 감정들은 빠르게 전파될 수 있다. 우울한 기분이나 낙심과 같은 다른 감정들은 조직 전체를 맥 빠지게 할 수 있다. 긍정적 마음의 감정 상태를 갖춘 지도자는 인간 자석과 같다. 사람들은 자연히 그들에게 끌리고 그들을 따르고 싶어 한다. 그러한 지도자들은 그들의 조직에 열정을 불어넣고 그들을 위해 일할 최고의 인물을 끌어들인다. 반대로, 짜증을 잘 내고 우두머리 행세를 하는, 부정적 마음의 감정 상태를 내보이는 지도자들은 사람들을 쫒아 버리고 따르는 사람이 거의 없다.

□ across ~의 전역에서                        □ increase  증가                        □ immigration 이민

□ diverse  다양한                             □ ethnic 민족의, 인종의                 □ make-up 구성

□ local 지역의                                □ population 인구                      □ especially 특히

□ evident 분명한, 명백한                      □ immigrant 이민자                     □ shape 형성하다

□ national 국가의                             □ identity 정체성                        □ influence 영향

□ taste 취향                                  □ preference 선호(도)                    □ effect 영향

□ dress 예복, 정장                            □ gradually 점차적으로, 서서히            □ reflect 반영하다

□ case 상황, 경우

□ similar 비슷한

□ part 지역

□ notably 특히, 현저하게

□ globalization 세계화

□ factor 요인, 요소

□ lead to ~로 이어지다

1. Where does the given sentence best fit?

Such leaders inspire enthusiasm in their organizations and attract the best people to work for them.

Do you have the emotional state of mind to become a leader? ①People pay close attention to a leader's subtle expressions of emotion through body language and facial expression.  ②Some emotions such as enthusiasm can quickly become contagious. ③Others, such as depression or discouragement, can drag down the entire organization. ④ Leaders with positive emotional states of mind are like human magnets. People naturally gravitate to them and want to follow them.  ⑤Conversely, leaders who emit negative emotional states of mind, who are irritable and bossy, repel people and have few followers.

2. Which of the fellowing fits the best in blanks  (A) and (B) ?

Do you have the emotional state of mind to become a leader? People pay close attention to a leader's subtle expressions of emotion through body language and facial expression. ____(A)____ Some emotions such as enthusiasm can quickly become contagious. Others, such as depression or discouragement, can drag down the entire organization. Leaders with positive emotional states of mind are like human magnets. People naturally gravitate to them and want to follow them. Such leaders inspire enthusiasm in their organizations and attract the best people to work for them. ____(B)______, leaders who emit negative emotional states of mind, who are irritable and bossy, repel people and have few followers.

(A)	(B)

① In other words – Shortly    ② Indeed - In other words    ③ For instance	- Nevertheless

④ For example	-  Conversely  ⑤ Otherwise	-On the contrary

3. Which of the underlined is NOT suitable in the context?

Do you have the emotional state of mind to become a leader? People pay close attention to a leader's ① subtle expressions of emotion through body language and facial expression. Some emotions such as enthusiasm can quickly become ②contagious. Others, such as depression or discouragement, can drag down the entire organization. Leaders with ③positive emotional states of mind are like human magnets. People naturally gravitate to them and want to follow them. Such leaders inspire enthusiasm in their organizations and ④attract the best people to work for them. Conversely, leaders who emit negative emotional states of mind, who are irritable and bossy, ⑤ accept people and have few followers.

4.  Which is the correct order of the three sentences after  the given passage?

Do you have the emotional state of mind to become a leader? People pay close attention to a leader's subtle expressions of emotion through body language and facial expression.

(A) Conversely, leaders who emit negative emotional states of mind, who are irritable and bossy, repel people and have few followers.

(B) Some emotions such as enthusiasm can quickly become contagious. Others, such as depression or discouragement, can drag down the entire organization.

(C) Leaders with positive emotional states of mind are like human magnets. People naturally gravitate to them and want to follow them. Such leaders inspire enthusiasm in their organizations and attract the best people to work for them.

① (A)-(B)-(C)	② (B)-(A)-(C)     ③ (B)-(C)-(A)	④ (C)-(A)-(B)    ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

정답: 5. 4. 5. 3.

Exercises

01 다음 글의 주제로 적절한 것을 고르시오

Across Europe, America and in other parts of the world, the increase of immigration has created a more diverse ethnic make-up of local populations. This is especially evident in the United Kingdom, where immigrants from India, Pakistan and the Caribbean have helped shape the national culture and identity. Their influences have affected the fashion styles, tastes and product preferences of the entire country. Also in France, the effects of the dress culture and style of immigrants from North Africa and Asia are gradually being reflected in French fashion. The case is similar in other parts of Europe and America, notably the USA and Canada. This factor has led to globalization of fashion tastes.

① effects of immigration on fashion

② importance of fashion in social life

③ immigrant’s indifference  to fashion

④ fashion as a expression of identity

⑤ how  to creat a unique fashion style

01| 정답 | ①

| 소재 | 이민이 패션에 미치는 영향

| 해석 |유럽과 아메리카의 전역에서, 그리고 세계의 다른 지역들에서, 이민의 증가는 지역 인구의 더 다양한 민족 구성을 창출하였다. 이는특히 영국에서 분명한데, 그곳에서는 인도, 파키스탄, 카리브 해 지역으로부터 온 이민자들이 국가의 문화와 정체성을 형성하는 데 일조하였다. 그들의 영향은 나라 전체의 패션 스타일, 취향, 제품 선호에 영향을 미쳤다. 또한 프랑스에서는 북아프리카와 아시아로부터 온 이민자들의 복식 문화와 스타일의 영향이 점차적으로 프랑스패션에 반영되고 있다. 그러한 상황은 유럽의 다른 지역들과 아메리카, 특히 미국과 캐나다에서 비슷하다. 이러한 요인은 패션 취향의 세계화로 이어졌다.

| Solution Guide |

이민이 늘어나면서 한 나라의 민족 구성이 다양해지고 이것은 결국패션 스타일, 취향, 제품 선호에 영향을 미치게 된다는 점을 설명하고 있으므로, ①‘이민이 패션에 미치는 영향’이 글의 주제로 가장

적절하다.

② 사회생활에서 패션의 중요성  ③ 패션에 대한 이민자들의 무관심

④ 정체성의 표현물로서의 패션  ⑤ 독특한 패션 스타일을 창조하는 법

| Structure in Focus |

□ This is especially evident in the United Kingdom, [where immigrants from India, Pakistan and the

Caribbean have helped shape the national culture and identity].

[ ]로 표시된 부분은 계속적 용법의 관계절로 the United Kingdom을 부연 설명하고 있는데, where는 and there(=in the United Kingdom)로 풀어 쓸 수 있다. help는 원형부정사 또는 to부정사를 목적어로 취할 수 있다.

Words & Phrases

❍ immigration 이민       ❍ immigrant 이민자 ❍ gradually 점차적으로, 서서히 ❍ indifference 무관심

❍  ethnic 민족의, 인종의  ❍  identity 정체성 ❍  notably 특히, 현저하게 ❍  unique 독특한, 고유한

❍  make-up 구성         ❍  preference 선호(도) ❍  globalization 세계화

1. Choose the correct word for (A), (B), (C) respectively.

Across Europe, America and in other parts of the world, the increase of immigration has created a more diverse ethnic make-up of local populations. This is especially evident in the United Kingdom, (A) which/where immigrants from India, Pakistan and the Caribbean have helped shape the national culture and identity. Their influences have affected the fashion styles, tastes and product preferences of the entire country. Also in France, the effects of the dress culture and style of immigrants from North Africa and Asia (B) is / are gradually being reflected in French fashion. The case is similar in other parts of Europe and America, notably the USA and Canada. This factor (B) leads /has led to globalization of fashion tastes.

①  which- is – leads   ②  which- are-has led     ③  where- is - leads

④  where- are- has led ⑤  where- is –has led

2. Where does the given sentence best fit?

The case is similar in other parts of Europe and America, notably the USA and Canada

Across Europe, America and in other parts of the world, the increase of immigration has created a more diverse ethnic make-up of local populations. ①This is especially evident in the United Kingdom, where immigrants from India, Pakistan and the Caribbean have helped shape the national culture and identity.②  Their influences have affected the fashion styles, tastes and product preferences of the entire country.③ Also in France, the effects of the dress culture and style of immigrants from North Africa and Asia are gradually being reflected in French fashion. .④ This factor has led to globalization of fashion tastes.⑤

3.  Which of the underlined is NOT suitable in the context?

Across Europe, America and in other parts of the world, the increase of immigration has created a ①less  diverse ethnic make-up of local populations. This is especially evident in the United Kingdom, where immigrants from India, Pakistan and the Caribbean have helped shape the national culture and identity. Their influences have affected the fashion styles, tastes and product ②preferences of the entire country. Also in France, the effects of the dress culture and style of immigrants from North Africa and Asia are gradually being ③reflected in French fashion. The case is④ similar in other parts of Europe and America, notably the USA and Canada. This factor has led to ⑤globalization of fashion tastes.

4.Which of the fellowing  is awkward or unrelated in the context?

Across Europe, America and in other parts of the world, the increase of immigration has created a more diverse ethnic make-up of local populations. This is especially evident in the United Kingdom, where immigrants from India, Pakistan and the Caribbean have helped shape the national culture and identity. ①Their influences have affected the fashion styles, tastes and product preferences of the entire country. ②Also in France, the effects of the dress culture and style of immigrants from North Africa and Asia are gradually being reflected in French fashion. ③The case is similar in other parts of Europe and America, notably the USA and Canada. ④The case is similar in other parts of Europe and America, notably the USA and Canada.  ⑤This factor has led to globalization of fashion tastes.

정답: 4. 4. 1. 4.

02. 다음 글의 주제로 적절한 것을 고르시오

Most people believe that anger is a negative emotion and it is bad to get angry. Despite this common view, anger can be considered a positive emotion insofar as it can have a functional value. Anger mobilizes our energy and resources in service of goal attainment. Anger is essential to energize and organize our behavior, for it can serve to readjust and strengthen a relationship. Two people who argue and express anger at each other are apt to experience angry outbursts as distressing and unpleasant in the short run but potentially beneficial to their relationship in the long run. Anger can provide the basis for reconciliation on new terms. As Ben-Ze'ev has summed up, "Like other emotions, anger is functional when it is in the right proportion, for example, when it is expressed in a socially constructive way without becoming highly aroused."

① a common belief about anger

② positive effects of anger

③ cause for stimulating o anger

④ social impacts of negative emotion

⑤ functions of balanced emotions

02| 정답 |

| 소재 | 분노의 효과

| 해석 |대부분의 사람들은 분노가 부정적인 감정이며 화를 내는 것이 좋지 않다고 믿는다. 이러한 보통의 시각에도 불구하고 분노는 그것이 기능적 가치를 갖는 한에 있어서는 긍정적인 감정으로 생각될수 있다. 분노는 목표를 달성하는 데 도움이 되도록 우리의 에너지와 자원을 사용할 수 있도록 한다. 우리의 행동에 활기를 불어넣고이를 체계화하기 위해서는 분노가 꼭 필요한데, 그것은 분노가 (인간) 관계를 재조정하고 강화시키는 데 도움을 줄 수 있기 때문이다. 싸우고 서로를 향해 분노를 표출하는 두 사람은 분노의 폭발을단기적으로는 고통스럽고 불쾌한 것으로 느끼지만 장기적으로는그들 관계에 어쩌면 이득이 되는 것으로 느끼는 경향이 있다. 분노는 새로운 관계에서 화해의 기반을 제공할 수 있다. Ben-Ze’ev가요약했듯이,“ 다른감정들과마찬가지로알맞은정도라면예를들어 지나치게 흥분되지 않고 사회적으로 건설적인 방식으로 표현된다면 분노는 기능적이다.”

| Solution Guide |

이 글은 부정적으로 생각되어 온 분노라는 감정이 알맞은 정도로 건설적으로 표현된다면 인간관계에 긍정적인 기능을 할 수 있다고 설명하고 있다. 따라서 이 글의 주제는 ②‘분노의 긍정적 효과’가 가

장 적절하다.

① 분노에 대한 통상적인 믿음③ 분노를 자극하는 원인

④ 부정적 감정의 사회적 영향⑤ 균형 잡힌 감정의 기능

| Structure in Focus |

□ Anger is essential to energize and organize our behavior, [for it can serve {to readjust and strengthen a

relationship}].[ ]로 표시된 부분은 접속사 for로 시작하는 이유를 나타내는 절

이다.  {  }로 표시된 부분은 serve의 보충어 역할을 하는 to부정사구로서 readjust와 strengthen이 and로 연결된다.

□ Two people [who argue and express anger at each other] are apt to experience angry outbursts as

[{distressing and unpleasant in the short run} but{potentially beneficial to their relationship in the long

run}].첫 번째 [ ]로 표시된 부분은 선행사 Two people을 수식하는 관계절이다. 두 번째 [ ]는  {  }로 표시된 두 개의 형용사구가 but으로 연결된 구조로 as에 의해 이끌리어 목적어 angry outbursts를 설명하는 목적어의 보어 역할을 한다.

Which of the underlined is NOT suitable in the context?

Most people believe that anger is a negative emotion and it is bad to get angry. Despite this common view, anger can be considered a ① positive emotion insofar as it can have a functional value. Anger mobilizes our energy and resources in service of goal attainment. Anger is essential to energize and organize our behavior, for it can serve to readjust and ②strengthen a relationship. Two people who argue and express anger at each other are apt to experience angry outbursts as distressing and unpleasant in the short run but potentially ③ harmful  to their relationship in the long run. Anger can provide the basis for④ reconciliation on new terms. As Ben-Ze'ev has summed up, "Like other emotions, anger is functional when it is in the right proportion, for example, when it is expressed in a socially⑤  constructive way without becoming highly aroused."

2.  Which of the following is suitable for the blank?

Most people believe that anger is a negative emotion and it is bad to get angry. Despite this common view, anger can be considered a positive emotion insofar as it can ___________. Anger mobilizes our energy and resources in service of goal attainment. Anger is essential to energize and organize our behavior, for it can serve to readjust and strengthen a relationship. Two people who argue and express anger at each other are apt to experience angry outbursts as distressing and unpleasant in the short run but potentially beneficial to their relationship in the long run. Anger can provide the basis for reconciliation on new terms. As Ben-Ze'ev has summed up, "Like other emotions, anger is functional when it is in the right proportion, for example, when it is expressed in a socially constructive way without becoming highly aroused."

① have a functional value.      ② make a financial profit       ③ measure educational worth

④ elicit rather deep sympathy   ⑤ construct the family relationship

3. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

Most people believe that anger is a negative emotion and it is bad to get angry. Despite this common view, anger can be considered a positive emotion insofar as it can have a functional value. Anger mobilizes our energy and resources in service of goal attainment. Anger is essential to energize and organize our behavior, for it can serve to readjust and strengthen a relationship. Two people who argue and express anger at each other are apt to experience angry outbursts as distressing and unpleasant in the short run but potentially beneficial to their relationship in the long run. Anger can provide the basis for reconciliation on new terms. As Ben-Ze'ev has summed up, "Like other emotions, anger is functional when it is in the right proportion, for example, when it is expressed in a socially constructive way without becoming highly aroused."

① 분노는 기능적 가치를 제외해도 긍정적인 감정으로 여겨질 수 있다.

② 분노는 목표성취를 위해 우리의 자원과 힘을 사용할 수 있게 한다.

③ 분노는 관계를 재조정하고 강화하는데 도움을 줄 수 있다.

④ 분노는 장기적인 관점에서 관계에 이익이 될 수 있다.

⑤ 알맞은 정도라면 다른 감정들과 같이 분노도 기능적일 수 있다.

정답:  3. 1. 5

03. 다음 글의 주제로 적절한 것을 고르시오

When you need to make a fire to survive, it is important to remember that your survival fire should not be big. Keep it small. Being close to a small fire keeps you just as warm as situating yourself farther from a large one, and a small fire conserves your fuel. A small fire only requires a small amount of fuel, and it is definitely a bonus since gathering large amounts of dry wood demands more energy and you want to conserve your energy. There is an old saying worth remembering: "A small fire keeps you warm with its heat, a large fire keeps you warm running for firewood." A small fire also reduces the chances you'll burn something you don't want to burn, such as your shelter or the forest.

① pleasure of being close to nature

② effective ways to prevent forest fire

③ essential items that hikers should carry

④ necessity of making a survival fire small

⑤ increasing  importance of wilderness mangement

03

| 정답 | ④

| 소재 | 생존을 위한 불 피우기

| 해석 |

생존하기 위해 불을 피워야 할 필요가 있을 때 생존을 위해 피우는 불은 크지 않아야 한다는 것을 기억하는 것이 중요하다. 그것을 작게 유지하라. 작은 불에 가까이 있는 것은 큰 불에서 더 멀리 떨어져있는 것만큼 (여러분의) 몸을 따뜻하게 유지해 주고, 작은 불은 땔감을 절약해 준다. 작은 불은 단지 적은 양의 땔감만을 필요로 하고, 많은 양의 마른 장작을 모으는 데 더 많은 에너지가 들고 여러분은 에너지를 절약하기 원하기 때문에 그것은 분명 덤으로 얻는 선물이다. ‘작은 불은 그 열기로 여러분을 따뜻하게 해 주고 큰 불은 여러분을 땔나무를 찾아 뛰어다니느라 따뜻하게 해 준다.’라는 기억할 만한옛 격언이 있다. 작은 불은 또한 여러분의 은신처나 숲처럼 여러분이 태우기를 원하지 않는 것을 태울 가능성을 줄여 준다.

| Solution Guide |

주어진 글은 생존을 위해 불을 피울 때 불을 작게 피워야 한다고 설명하고 있으므로, 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은 ④‘생존을 위한 불을 작게 피워야 할 필요성’이다.

① 자연을 가까이하는 것의 즐거움② 산불을 예방하는 효과적인 방법

③ 도보여행자가 휴대해야 하는 필수 품목⑤ 황무지 관리의 증대하는 중요성

| Structure in Focus |

□ [Being close to a small fire] keeps you just as warm as situating yourself farther from a large one, ~.

[ ]로표시된부분이주어이고keeps가동사이다.「 (just) as ~as ...」는‘…만큼 (꼭) ~한’이라는 의미이다. one은 fire를 대신해서 쓰였다.

□ A small fire also reduces the chances [you’ll burn something {you don’t want to burn}, such as your shelter or the forest]. [ ]로 표시된 부분은 the chances와동격관계이고 { }로표시 된 부분은 관계절로 something을 수식하고 있다.

Words & Phrases

❍ bonus 덤으로 얻는 즐거움[선물], 보너스 ❍ conserve 절약하다, 보존하다 ❍ definitely 분명히, 명확히

❍  fuel 땔감, 연료 ❍ reduce 줄이다, 감소시키다 ❍ shelter 은신처, 거주지 ❍ situate (어떤 위치에) 놓다

❍  survival 생존 ❍ survive 생존하다, 살아남다 ❍ worth ~할 만한, ~할 가치가 있는

1.  Which of the underlined is NOT suitable in the context?

When you need to make a fire to survive, it is important to remember that your survival fire should not be big. Keep it①  small. Being close to a small fire keeps you just as warm as situating yourself ②farther from a large one, and a small fire conserves your fuel. A small fire only requires a small amount of fuel, and it is definitely a ③bonus since gathering large amounts of dry wood demands more energy and you want to   ④ conserve your energy. There is an old saying worth remembering: "A small fire keeps you warm with its heat, a large fire keeps you warm running for firewood." A small fire also ⑤ increases the chances you'll burn something you don't want to burn, such as your shelter or the forest.

2. Which of the following is suitable for the blank?

When you need to_____________________, it is important to remember that your survival fire should not be big. Keep it small. Being close to a small fire keeps you just as warm as situating yourself farther from a large one, and a small fire conserves your fuel. A small fire only requires a small amount of fuel, and it is definitely a bonus since gathering large amounts of dry wood demands more energy and you want to conserve your energy. There is an old saying worth remembering: "A small fire keeps you warm with its heat, a large fire keeps you warm running for firewood." A small fire also reduces the chances you'll burn something you don't want to burn, such as your shelter or the forest.

① make your room heat   ②  make a fire to survive  ③ keep you warm

④ make yourself at home  ⑤  save natural energy

3.  Which of the following is suitable for the blank?

When you need to make a fire to survive, it is important to remember that your survival fire should not be big. Keep it small. Being close to a small fire keeps you just as warm as situating yourself farther from a large one, and a small fire conserves your fuel. A small fire only requires a small amount of fuel, and it is definitely a bonus since gathering large amounts of dry wood demands more energy and you want to conserve your energy. There is an old saying worth remembering: "_______________________________________." A small fire also reduces the chances you'll burn something you don't want to burn, such as your shelter or the forest.

① Birds of a feather flock together.

② Heaven helps those who help themselves.

③ Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.

④ When we cannot get what we love, we must love what is within our reach

⑤ A small fire keeps you warm with its heat, a large fire keeps you warm running for firewood.

4.  Which of the following most properly summarizes the passage?

When you need to make a fire to survive, it is important to remember that your survival fire should not be big. Keep it small. Being close to a small fire keeps you just as warm as situating yourself farther from a large one, and a small fire conserves your fuel. A small fire only requires a small amount of fuel, and it is definitely a bonus since gathering large amounts of dry wood demands more energy and you want to conserve your energy. There is an old saying worth remembering: "A small fire keeps you warm with its heat, a large fire keeps you warm running for firewood." A small fire also reduces the chances you'll burn something you don't want to burn, such as your shelter or the forest.

Making a fire to survive, make sure that you should keep it    (A)    and    (B)    your energy and fuel.

① close	- exhaust      ② big	- conserve       ③ small	- exhaust

④ big	- consume     ⑤ small	-conserve

정답: 5. 2. 5. 5.

4. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

A 1998 report by Robert Karaut indicated that the chief reason people turn to social networking on the Internet is because they are "lonely." A few years later, this study was revisited. It turns out that Internet online social networkers are not that lonely after all. Rather, they are people who enjoy communicating with others. They like sharing their specific intellectual or social interests, they like talking about them, and they like meeting people who share these interests, even if they might be far removed from them geographically. They are more interested in creating communities of common concern and interest, and the Internet enables them to ignore physical distance. New studies indicate that Internet use correlates with

other forms of sociality and other forms of literacy.

① ways to overcome loneliness through positive thinking

② motivations of people who use social networking online

③ value of sharing intellectual and social interests with others

④ effective methods of achieving interpersonal communication

⑤ correlations between Internet use and other forms of media use.

04| 정답 | ②

| 소재 |

소셜 네트워킹을 하는 이유

| 해석 | 1998년 Robert Kraut의 보고서는 사람들이 인터넷의 소셜 네트워킹에 의지하는 주된 이유가‘외롭기’때문이라는 것을 보여 주었다. 몇 년 후 이 연구가 다시 논의되었다. 인터넷 온라인 소셜 네트워킹을 하는 사람들은 어쨌든 그렇게 외롭지 않은 것으로 드러나고있다. 오히려 그들은 다른 사람들과 소통을 즐기는 사람들이다. 그들(소셜 네트워킹을 하는 사람들)은 특정한 지적 또는 사회적 관심사를 나누기를 좋아하고 그것에 대해 얘기하기를 좋아하고 지리적으로 그들로부터 멀리 떨어져 있을 수 있음에도 이러한 관심사를 공유하는 사람들을 만나는 것을 좋아한다. 그들은 공통된 관심사와 흥미의 공동체를 만드는 데 더 관심이 있으며 인터넷은 그들로 하여금

물리적인 거리를 개의치 않게 해 준다. 새로운 연구들은 인터넷 사용이 다른 형태의 사회성 및 다른 형태의 전문 지식과 관련이 있다는 것을 보여준다.

| Solution Guide |

이 글은 사람들이 인터넷을 통하여 소셜 네트워킹을 하는 이유가 단지 외로움을 느끼기 때문이 아니라 같은 관심사를 공유하고 물리적으로 멀리 떨어져 있는 사람들과의 소통에 더 관심을 갖기 때문이라는 내용이다. 따라서 ②‘온라인 소셜 네트워킹을 사용하는 사람들의 동기’가 이 글의 주제로 가장 적절하다.

① 긍정적 사고를 통해 외로움을 극복하는 방법③ 다른 사람과 지적 사회적 관심사를 공유하는 것의 가치

④ 개인 간의 의사소통을 이루는 효과적인 방법⑤ 인터넷 사용과 다른 형태의 매체 사용 간의 상관관계

Words & Phrases

❍ indicate 보여 주다, 나타내다 ❍ chief 주된 ❍  revisit 다시 논의하다

❍ after all 어쨌든, 결국에는 ❍  intellectual 지적인 ❍ geographically 지리적으로

❍ correlate with ~와 관련이 있다 ❍ sociality 사회성

1. Which of the following is suitable for the blank?

A 1998 report by Robert Karaut indicated that the chief reason people turn to social networking on the Internet is because they are "lonely." A few years later, this study was revisited. It turns out that Internet online social networkers are not that lonely after all. Rather, they are people who enjoy communicating with others. They like sharing their specific intellectual or social interests, they like talking about them, and they like meeting people who share these interests, even if they might be far removed from them geographically. They are more interested in creating communities of common concern and interest, and the Internet enables them to ignore physical distance. New studies indicate that Internet use correlates with _________________________________

① other forms of sociality and other forms of literacy.

② methods of solving interpersonal conflict situations

③ analysing internet use and other forms of media use

④ studying intellectual and academic knowledge together

⑤ ways to overcome loneliness through positive thinking

2.  Which of the following most properly summarizes the passage?

A 1998 report by Robert Karaut indicated that the chief reason people turn to social networking on the Internet is because they are "lonely." A few years later, this study was revisited. It turns out that Internet online social networkers are not that lonely after all. Rather, they are people who enjoy communicating with others. They like sharing their specific intellectual or social interests, they like talking about them, and they like meeting people who share these interests, even if they might be far removed from them geographically. They are more interested in creating communities of common concern and interest, and the Internet enables them to ignore physical distance. New studies indicate that Internet use correlates with other forms of sociality and other forms of literacy.

⇩

People use social networking not because they feel    (A)   but because they like to     (B)             with others.

①  shared- link    ②  lonely –communicate   ③  shared- link

④  lonely- satisfy  ⑤  satisfied- communicate

3. Where does the given sentence best fit?

Rather, they are people who enjoy communicating with others.

A 1998 report by Robert Karaut indicated that the chief reason people turn to social networking on the Internet is because they are "lonely." ①A few years later, this study was revisited.  ②It turns out that Internet online social networkers are not that lonely after all.  ③They like sharing their specific intellectual or social interests, they like talking about them, and they like meeting people who share these interests, even if they might be far removed from them geographically. ④ They are more interested in creating communities of common concern and interest, and the Internet enables them to ignore physical distance. ⑤ New studies indicate that Internet use correlates with other forms of sociality and other forms of literacy.

정답: 1. 2. 3.

03 요지·주장·

Gateway

1 다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

Assertiveness may seem to some people to be uncharacteristic of counselors. If your picture of a

counselor is someone who never disagrees, always "goes along," wants everything to be nice all the time, and only does what other people want him or her to do, this is not a picture of an assertive counselor. Being assertive does not have to mean being disagreeable. Being a counselor

does not mean that you should simply be silent when someone tells a racist joke. An assertive counselor would find a way to call that person's attention to the fact that the joke is racist, explaining how it defended the hearer, and suggesting ways similar jokes could be avoided.

Being assertive is a highly developed skill — it should fit nicely in the counselor's repertoire of techniques.

① 상담사는 상대방의 감정을 해치는 농담을 하지 말아야 한다.

② 상담사는 자기 생각을 분명히 드러낼 줄 알아야 한다.

③ 상담사는 항상 친절한 태도로 상담을 진행해야 한다.

④ 상담사는 정기적으로 상담 기술 교육을 받아야 한다.

⑤ 상담사는 상담 기록을 철저히 관리해야 한다.

Gateway

| 정답 | ②

| 해석 |

자기표현은 어떤 사람에게는 상담사답지 않은 것처럼 보일 수 있다. 여러분이 가지고 있는 상담사에 대한 모습이 절대 반대하지 않고 항상‘찬성하고’늘 모든 것이 좋기를 원하고 다른 사람들이 자신에게 원하는 것만을 하는 사람이라면 이것은 자기표현을 하는 상담사의 모습이 아니다. 자기표현을 하는 것이 까다롭게행동하는 것을 의미할 필요는 없다. 상담사가 되는 것은 여러분이 누군가 인종차별적 농담을 할 때 그저 아무 말도 하지 말아야

하는 것을 의미하지 않는다. 자기표현을 하는 상담사는, 그 농담이 듣는 사람을 불쾌하게 한다고 설명하고 비슷한 농담을 하지 않을 수 있는 방법을 제시하면서, 그 농담이 인종차별적이라는 사실에 그 사람의 주의를 환기시키는 방법을 찾으려 할 것이다. 자기표현을 하는 것은 고도로 발달된 기법으로서, 그것은 상담사의 (상담) 기법 목록에 잘 어울릴 것이다.

Which of the following is suitable for the blank?

Assertiveness may seem to some people to be uncharacteristic of counselors. If your picture of a counselor is someone who never disagrees, always "goes along," wants everything to be nice all the time, and only does what other people want him or her to do, this is not a picture of an assertive counselor. Being assertive does not have to mean being disagreeable. Being a counselor does not mean that you should simply be silent when someone tells a racist joke. An assertive counselor would find a way to call that person's attention to the fact that the joke is racist, explaining how it defended the hearer, and suggesting ways similar jokes could be avoided. A counselor should _______________________________________.  Being assertive is a highly developed skill — it should fit nicely in the counselor's repertoire of techniques.

① keep track of every single counselling session

② not offend the clients' mind by preaching to them

③ give his or her opinions clearly to their clients with confidence

④ be hospitable to their clients and always follow their suggestions

⑤ behave genuinely warm towards their clients by setting a good example

2. Which of the underlined is NOT suitable in the context?

Assertiveness may seem to some people to be① uncharacteristic of counselors. If your picture of a counselor is someone who never ②disagrees, always "goes along," wants everything to be nice all the time, and only does what other people want him or her to do, this is not a picture of an assertive counselor. Being assertive does not have to mean being disagreeable. Being a counselor does not mean that you should simply be③ silent when someone tells a racist joke. An assertive counselor would find a way to call that person's attention to the fact that the joke is racist, explaining how it ④defended the hearer, and suggesting ways similar jokes could be ⑤accepted. Being assertive is a highly developed skill — it should fit nicely in the counselor's repertoire of techniques.

3. Which of the underlined parts is grammatically incorrect?

Assertiveness may seem to some people ①to be uncharacteristic of counselors. If your picture of a counselor is someone who never disagrees, always "goes along," wants everything to be nice all the time, and only② does what other people want him or her to do, this is not a picture of an assertive counselor. Being assertive does not have to mean③  being disagreeable. Being a counselor does not mean that you should simply be silent when someone tells a racist joke. An assertive counselor would find a way ④ to call that person's attention to the fact ⑤which  the joke is racist, explaining how it defended the hearer, and suggesting ways similar jokes could be avoided. Being assertive is a highly developed skill — it should fit nicely in the counselor's repertoire of techniques.

정답: 3. 5. 5.

Exercises

01. 글의 요지로 적절한 것을 고르시오

In addition to taking some effort to eat what is in season and what is grown locally, pay attention to those fruits that contain growable seeds. If you have the choice, avoid fruits that are "seedless" when you know they would naturally have seeds. A seedless fruit or vegetable is not in its natural state and has less energy than a natural fruit or vegetable. Look for or grow fruits and vegetables that contain seeds. If you buy your produce at a natural foods store, ask the produce manager if they could please order some seeded fruits and vegetables. Local farmers are often a good source for organically grown heirloom produce that contains seeds.

① 제철에 나는 농산물을 골라라

② 씨가 있는 과일과 채소를 섭취해야 한다

③ 현지에서 생산된 식자재를 사용하는 것이 좋다

④ 품종 다변화를 통해 농가의 소득을 올릴 수 있다

⑤ 식품 유통에 대한 명확한 기준이 있어야 한다

01

| 정답 | ②

| 소재 | 씨가 있는 과일과 채소 섭취

| 해석 |제철인 것과 지역 근처에서 재배된 것을 먹기 위해 어느 정도 노력하는 것 이외에도, 싹이 틀 수 있는 씨가 있는 과일에 관심을 가져라. 선택할 수 있다면, 천연적으로 씨가 있을 것으로 여러분이 알고있다면‘씨가 없는’과일을 피하라. 씨가 없는 과일이나 채소는 자연 상태에 있지 않고 자연 상태의 과일이나 채소보다 에너지를 덜지니고 있다. 씨가 있는 과일과 채소를 구하거나 재배하라. 여러분이 자연 식품점에서 농산물을 살 거라면, 농산물 관리자에게 그들이 씨가 있는 과일과 채소를 좀 주문할 수 있는지를 물어라. 지역의

농부들이 흔히 대대로 유기농으로 재배되며 씨가 있는 농산물을 얻을 수 있는 훌륭한 공급처이다.

| Solution Guide |

씨가 없는 과일이나 채소는 자연 상태에 있지 않고, 자연 상태의 것보다 에너지를 덜 지니고 있으므로, 씨가 있는 과일이나 채소를 (섭취를 위해) 구하거나 재배하라는 것이 이 글의 요지이다. 따라서

②가 글의 요지로 가장 적절하다.

| Structure in Focus |

□ In addition to taking some effort to eat [what is in season] and [what is grown locally], ~.

[ ]로 표시된 두 개의 관계절이 and로 연결되어 eat의 목적어 역할을 한다.

□ If you buy your produce at a natural foods store, ask the  produce manager [if they could please order some seeded fruits and vegetables].[ ]로 표시된 if절은 ask의 직접목적어 역할을 하는 명사절이다.

Words & Phrases

❍  in season 제철인 ❍  locally 그 지역에서, 현지에서 ❍  contain 들어 있다 ❍  state 상태

❍  produce 농산물  ❍ order 주문하다  ❍ organically 유기농으로

1. Which of the underlined parts is grammatically incorrect?

In addition to taking some effort to eat① what is in season and what is grown locally, pay attention to those fruits that contain growable seeds. If you have the choice, avoid fruits that are "seedless" when you know they would naturally have seeds. A seedless fruit or vegetable is not in its natural state and has ②less energy than a natural fruit or vegetable. Look for or grow fruits and vegetables ③that contain seeds. If you buy your produce at a natural foods store, ask the produce manager④ if they could please order some seeded fruits and vegetables. Local farmers are often a good source for organically grown heirloom produce that⑤  contain seeds.

2.  Which is the best title of the passage?

In addition to taking some effort to eat what is in season and what is grown locally, pay attention to those fruits that contain growable seeds. If you have the choice, avoid fruits that are "seedless" when you know they would naturally have seeds. A seedless fruit or vegetable is not in its natural state and has less energy than a natural fruit or vegetable. Look for or grow fruits and vegetables that contain seeds. If you buy your produce at a natural foods store, ask the produce manager if they could please order some seeded fruits and vegetables. Local farmers are often a good source for organically grown heirloom produce that contains seeds.

① Useful Tips of Growing Seeded Fruits

② Bring Local Produce to Your Dining Table

③ Increasing Importance of Local Farmers Role

④  Your Vital Energy Source: Eating Fresh Vegetables

⑤  Necessity of Choosing Seeded Fruits and Vegetables

3. Which of the fellowing  is awkward or unrelated in the context?

In addition to taking some effort to eat what is in season and what is grown locally, pay attention to those fruits that contain growable seeds. ① Seedless fruits are a relatively new phenomenon in the plant world, developed to appeal to consumers who love the fruit but don't like picking out the seeds. ② If you have the choice, avoid fruits that are "seedless" when you know they would naturally have seeds. ③ A seedless fruit or vegetable is not in its natural state and has less energy than a natural fruit or vegetable. ④ Look for or grow fruits and vegetables that contain seeds. ⑤ If you buy your produce at a natural foods store, ask the produce manager if they could please order some seeded fruits and vegetables. Local farmers are often a good source for organically grown heirloom produce that contains seeds.

4.  Which of the following is suitable for the blank?

In addition to taking some effort to eat what is in season and what is grown locally, pay attention to those fruits that contain growable seeds. If you have the choice, avoid fruits that are "seedless" when you know they would naturally have seeds. A seedless fruit or vegetable is not in its natural state and has less energy than a natural fruit or vegetable. Look for or grow fruits and vegetables that_____________  . If you buy your produce at a natural foods store, ask the produce manager if they could please order some seeded fruits and vegetables. Local farmers are often a good source for organically grown heirloom produce that contains seeds.

① lack poison  ②  grow well in nature  ③ include good nutrient  ④  contain seeds  ⑤  are useful health

정답: 5. 4. 1. 4.

02. 글의 요지로 적절한 것을 고르시오

Some studies dealt with the relationship between the family environment on the one hand and music abilities, skills, attitudes, preferences, and even musical careers and excellence, on the other. The results of the studies show that music-related activities of the family support the musical development of children in many ways. Such activities are primarily singing and making music together. Additional activities such as attending concerts with the family, talking about music, and practicing in the presence of parents may also be useful. Other characteristics of the family such as the music abilities and attitudes of the parents or other family members or the presence of musical instruments only seem important if they lead to musical activities in which the child is involved.

① 가족 특징에 따라 아이가 선호하는 음악 장르가 달라진다

② 가족과의 음악 활동이 다양해질수록 아이의 지능이 높아진다

③ 창의적인 아이들은 음악과 관련 있는 직업에 종사할 가능성이 높다

④ 어릴 때 배운 악기 연주는 아이의 정서적 안정에 도움이 된다

⑤ 가족과의 음악 관련 활동은 아이의 음악적 발달에 영향을 끼친다

02

| 정답 | ⑤

| 소재 | 가족의 음악 활동과 아이의 음악적 발달

| 해석 |

몇몇 연구는 한편에서는 가족 환경과, 다른 한편에서는 음악적 능력, 기술, 태도, 선호, 그리고 심지어 음악 경력과 우수성의 관계를다루었다. 그 연구의 결과는 가족의 음악 관련 활동이 여러 가지 면에서 아이들의 음악적 발전을 뒷받침해 준다는 것을 보여 준다. 그런 활동은 주로 함께 노래 부르고 함께 음악을 연주하는 것이다. 가족과 함께 콘서트에 참석하고, 음악에 관해 이야기하고, 부모가 있는 데서 연습하는 것과 같은 추가적인 활동 역시 유용할 수 있다.부모나 다른 가족 구성원의 음악적 능력과 태도, 또는 악기가 있는것과 같은 가족의 다른 특징들은 그것들이 아이가 참여하는 음악활동으로 이어질 경우에만 중요한 것으로 보인다.

| Solution Guide |

가족이 아이와 함께 하는 여러 음악 관련 활동이 아이의 음악적 발 달에 영향을 끼친다는 내용이므로, 글의 요지로는 ⑤가 가장 적절하다.

| Structure in Focus |

□ Additional activities such as [attending concerts with the family], [talking about music], and [practicing in the presence of parents] may also be useful.

세 개의 [ ]로 표시된 부분이 and로 연결되어 such as에 이어지고 있다.

□ [Other characteristics of the family such as {the music abilities and attitudes of the parents or other family members} or {the presence of musical instruments}] only seem important if they lead to musical activities [in which the child is involved].

첫 번째 [ ]로 표시된 부분이 문장의 주어이고 seem이 술어 동사이다. 첫번째 [ ]에서  {  }로표시된두부분이or 에연결되어 such as에 이어지고 있다. 두 번째 [ ]로 표시된 부분은 관계절로 musical activities를 수식한다.

1.  Which of the underlined is NOT suitable in the context?

Some studies dealt with the relationship between the family environment on the one hand and music abilities, skills, attitudes, ①preferences, and even musical② careers and excellence, on the other. The results of the studies show that music-related activities of the family support the musical development of children in many ways. Such activities are primarily singing and making music together. ③Additional activities such as attending concerts with the family, talking about music, and practicing in the ④absence of parents may also be useful. Other characteristics of the family such as the music abilities and attitudes of the parents or other family members or the presence of musical instruments only seem important if they lead to musical activities in which the child is  ⑤involved.

2. Which of the underlined parts is grammatically incorrect?

Some studies dealt with the relationship between the family environment on the one hand and music abilities, skills, attitudes, preferences, and even musical careers and excellence, on the other. The results of the studies show① that music-related activities of the family support the musical development of children in many ways. Such activities are primarily singing and ②making music together. Additional activities such as attending concerts with the family, talking about music, and practicing in the presence of parents may also be useful. Other characteristics of the family such as the music abilities and attitudes of the parents or other family members or the presence of musical instruments only③ seems important if they lead to musical activities④  in which the child ⑤is involved.

2. Which of the fellowing  is awkward or unrelated in the context?

Some studies dealt with the relationship between the family environment on the one hand and music abilities, skills, attitudes, preferences, and even musical careers and excellence, on the other. ① The results of the studies show that music-related activities of the family support the musical development of children in many ways. ②  Such activities are primarily singing and making music together. ③ Sometimes possessing a certain musical instrument represents the economic status of the family. ④  Additional activities such as attending concerts with the family, talking about music, and practicing in the presence of parents may also be useful. ⑤  Other characteristics of the family such as the music abilities and attitudes of the parents or other family members or the presence of musical instruments only seem important if they lead to musical activities in which the child is involved.

4.  Which of the following is suitable for the blank?

Some studies dealt with the relationship between the family environment on the one hand and music abilities, skills, attitudes, preferences, and even musical careers and excellence, on the other. The results of the studies show that _____________________support the musical development of children in many ways. Such activities are primarily singing and making music together. Additional activities such as attending concerts with the family, talking about music, and practicing in the presence of parents may also be useful. Other characteristics of the family such as the music abilities and attitudes of the parents or other family members or the presence of musical instruments only seem important if they lead to musical activities in which the child is involved.

①  after school activities               ②  various efforts about music     ③  learning musical theory

④  music-related activities of the family  ⑤  using  musical instruments

정답: 4. 3. 3. 4.

03. 글의 요지로 적절한 것을 고르시오

Suppose you have a chapter of psychology to read. Would it be better for you to read the chapter three times or just once? Actually, if you read the chapter once, being careful to recite and ask yourself questions about each paragraph, you should be able to recall more of the material than if you casually read the chapter three times. That is, it is more efficient to spend more time reviewing, reciting, and coding the information (for entry into long-term memory) than passively rereading the material. Recitation during study forces you to select important parts of the written material and practice retrieving the information in a meaningful form. In other words, you learn appropriate cues, which you then store; these cues can be retrieved upon presentation of the proper stimulus (for example, a test question).

① 자기 자신에게 맞는 효과적인 학습이 있다

② 혼자 보다는 함께 공부하는 것이 효과적이다

③ 시험공부를 통해 학습내용을 확실히 복습할 수 있다

④ 암송과 복습이 병행되어야 학습이 더욱 효율적이게 된다

⑤ 학습내용을 많이 읽을수록 나중에 기억하기 쉬워진다

03| 정답 | ④

| 소재 | 암송과 복습을 통한 효율적인 학습

| 해석 |

심리학 서적의 한 장을 읽는다고 가정하자. 그 장을 세 번 읽는 게더 좋을까, 아니면 단 한 번 읽는 게 더 좋을까? 사실, 세심하게 암송하고 각 문단에 관해 스스로 질문을 던지면서 한 번만 읽는다 해도, 아무 생각 없이 세 번 읽는 경우보다 자료의 더 많은 부분을 기억해낼 수 있을 것이다. 즉, 자료를 수동적으로 다시 읽는 것보다는 (장기 기억으로 들어갈 수 있도록) 정보를 복습하고, 암송하고, 그리고부호화하는 데 더 많은 시간을 쏟는 것이 더 효율적이다. 학습하는 동안의 암송은 여러분이 쓰여진 자료의 중요한 부분을 선별하고 의미 있는 형태로 그 정보를 생각해 내는 것을 연습할 수밖에 없도록한다. 다시 말해서, 여러분은 적절한 단서를 배우고, 그런 다음 그것을 저장한다. 여러분은 적절한 자극(예를 들어, 시험 문제)이 주어지

자마자 이런 단서를 생각해 낼 수 있다.

| Solution Guide |

책을 읽을 때 한 장을 세 번 읽는 것보다 암송과 복습을 하면서 한번 읽는 것이 더 효율적인 학습법이라는 내용의 글이므로, 이 글의 요지로는 ④가 가장 적절하다.

| Structure in Focus |

□ Actually, if you read the chapter once, [being careful to recite and ask yourself questions about each paragraph], you should be able to recall more of the material than if

you casually read the chapter three times.

[ ]로 표시된 부분은you를 의미상의 주어로 하는 분사 구문이다.

□ Recitation during study forces you to [select important parts of the written material] and [practice retrieving the information in a meaningful form].

[ ]로 표시된 두 부분이 and로 연결되어 to에 이어지고 있다.

Words & Phrases

❍  recite 암송하다 ❍  material 자료 ❍  review 복습하다 ❍  meaningful 의미 있는 ❍  store 저장하다

❍  stimulus 자극 ❍  paragraph 문단 ❍  casually 아무 생각 없이 ❍  code 부호화하다

❍ appropriate 적절한 ❍ presentation 제시 ❍  recall 기억해 내다 ❍  efficient 효율적인

❍  entry 들어감[옴], 입장         ❍  cue 단서, 신호 ❍  proper 적절한

1. Which of the fellowing fits the best in blanks  (A) and (B) ?

Suppose you have a chapter of psychology to read. Would it be better for you to read the chapter three times or just once? Actually, if you read the chapter once, being careful to recite and ask yourself questions about each paragraph, you should be able to recall more of the material than if you casually read the chapter three times. ___(A)____, it is more efficient to spend more time reviewing, reciting, and coding the information (for entry into long-term memory) than passively rereading the material. Recitation during study forces you to select important parts of the written material and practice retrieving the information in a meaningful form.____(B)____, you learn appropriate cues, which you then store; these cues can be retrieved upon presentation of the proper stimulus (for example, a test question).

① However	……      So to speak        ② That is	……      On the contrary

③ Nevertheless	……      On the other hand  ④ That is	……      In other words

⑤ To sum up	……      In contrast

2. Which of the following most properly summarizes the passage?

Suppose you have a chapter of psychology to read. Would it be better for you to read the chapter three times or just once? Actually, if you read the chapter once, being careful to recite and ask yourself questions about each paragraph, you should be able to recall more of the material than if you casually read the chapter three times. That is, it is more efficient to spend more time reviewing, reciting, and coding the information (for entry into long-term memory) than passively rereading the material. Recitation during study forces you to select important parts of the written material and practice retrieving the information in a meaningful form. In other words, you learn appropriate cues, which you then store; these cues can be retrieved upon presentation of the proper stimulus (for example, a test question).

It is more      (A)     to spend more time reviewing, reciting than passively      (B)     the material during reading.

① efficient     -    repeating    ② effective     -   previewing      ③ unnecessary  -   rereading

④  difficult      -   organizing   ⑤  complex     -   coding

3. Which is the main topic of the passage ?

Suppose you have a chapter of psychology to read. Would it be better for you to read the chapter three times or just once? Actually, if you read the chapter once, being careful to recite and ask yourself questions about each paragraph, you should be able to recall more of the material than if you casually read the chapter three times. That is, it is more efficient to spend more time reviewing, reciting, and coding the information (for entry into long-term memory) than passively rereading the material. Recitation during study forces you to select important parts of the written material and practice retrieving the information in a meaningful form. In other words, you learn appropriate cues, which you then store; these cues can be retrieved upon presentation of the proper stimulus (for example, a test question).

① important study habits for students preparing tests  ② how to respond effectively to the proper stimulus

③ the necessity of decoding as a learning strategy     ④  the effectiveness of recitation during study

⑤  the way to study the field of psychology

정답: 4. 1. 4.

04. 필자의 주장으로 알맞은 것을 고르시오

Regardless of your car's make or model, driving more efficiently is a responsible practice all motorists can get behind when we get behind the wheel. Let's start with something we should all be doing anyway: obeying the speed limit. Not only is it the law and a safety matter, but it's an environmental issue. Aggressive driving, sudden braking, and rapid acceleration put unnecessary stress on your engine and the Earth. According to www.fueleconomy.gov, aggressive driving can cost you more money at the pump. Driving just 5 mph over the 60 mph speed limit increases your gas cost by 20 cents per gallon. We can help decrease our dependence on foreign oil and reduce harmful carbon emissions by respecting the laws designed to keep us safe.

① 사고 예방을 위해 도로별 제한속도를 기존보다 낮추어라

② 연료비 절감과 환경보호를 위해 제한 속도를 준수하라

③ 대기오염 예방을 위해 자동차 점검을 주기적으로 해라

④ 이산화탄소 배출을 줄이기 위한 친환경 엔진 기술을 개발해라

⑤ 자동차 운전자를 대상으로 하는 안전교육을 강화해라

04

| 정답 | ②

| 소재 | 연료비 절감과 환경 보호를 위한 자동차 제한 속도 준수

| 해석 |

자동차 회사나 연식에 상관없이, 더욱 효율적으로 운전하는 것이 우리가 운전대를 잡을 때 모든 운전자가 지지할 수 있는 책임감 있는관행이다. 우리 모두가 어쨌든 하고 있을 어떤 것, 즉 제한 속도 준수로 시작해 보자. 그것은 법이자 안전상의 문제일 뿐만 아니라, 환경 문제이기도 하다. 난폭 운전, 갑작스러운 제동, 그리고 급가속은 엔진과 지구에 불필요한 압박을 준다. www.fueleconomy.gov에 따르면, 난폭 운전으로 인해 주유소에서 더 많은 돈이 들 수 있다. 시속60마일의 제한 속도보다 단5마일만 빠르게 운전해도1갤런당 20센트만큼 연료비를 증가시킨다. 우리를 안전하게 지켜 주도록 만들어진 법을 준수함으로써 우리는 외국에서 들여오는 석유에 대한 의존을 줄이고 해로운 탄소 배출량을 줄이는 것을 도울 수

있다.

| Solution Guide |

자동차 운전자가 제한 속도를 준수하는 것은 연료비 절감뿐만 아니라 환경 보호에도 도움이 된다는 내용이므로, 필자가 주장하는 바로는 ②가 가장 적절하다.

| Structure in Focus |

□ Regardless of your car’s make or model, [driving more efficiently] is a responsible practice [all motorists can get behind when we get behind the wheel].

첫 번째 [ ]로 표시된 부분은 동명사구로 주어 역할을 하고, 두 번째 [ ]로 표시된 부분은 관계절로 a responsible practice를 수식했다

□ Not only is it the law and a safety matter, but it’s an environmental issue.

부정어구(not only ~)가 문장의 첫머리에 쓰여 be동사 is와 주어 it이 도치되었다.

Words & Phrases

❍ regardless of ~에 상관없이 ❍  motorist (승용차) 운전자 ❍  speed limit 제한 속도 ❍  braking 제동

❍  mph 시속~마일(mile per hour) ❍  carbon 탄소 ❍  efficiently 효율적으로 ❍  get behind ~을 지지하다, ~을 후원하다 ❍ environmental 환경의 ❍  unnecessary 불필요한 ❍  dependence on ~에 대한 의존

❍  emission 배출(물) ❍  practice 관행, 관습 ❍  obey 준수하다 ❍  aggressive 난폭한, 공격적인

❍  pump 주유소(=gas station) ❍  harmful 해로운 ❍  get behind the wheel 운전대를 잡다, 운전하다

1.Choose the correct word for (A), (B), (C) respectively.

Regardless of your car's make or model, driving more efficiently is a responsible practice all motorists can get behind when we get behind the wheel. Let's start with something we should all be doing anyway: (A)violating/obeying the speed limit. Not only is it the law and a safety matter, but it's an environmental issue. Aggressive driving, sudden braking, and rapid acceleration put unnecessary stress on your engine and the Earth. According to www.fueleconomy.gov, aggressive driving can cost you (B) less/ more money at the pump. Driving just 5 mph over the 60 mph speed limit increases your gas cost by 20 cents per gallon. We can help decrease our dependence on foreign oil and (C) increase/ reduce harmful carbon emissions by respecting the laws designed to keep us safe.

① obeying	more	reduce  ② obeying	less	increase   ③ obeying	more	increase

④ violating	more	increase ⑤ violating	less	reduce

2. 빈칸에 알맞은 단어를 쓰시오

Regardless of your car's make or model, driving more efficiently is a responsible practice all motorists can get behind when we get behind the wheel. Let's start with something we should all be doing anyway: obeying the speed limit. Not only is it the law and a safety matter, but it's ________________ . Aggressive driving, sudden braking, and rapid acceleration put unnecessary stress on your engine and the Earth. According to www.fueleconomy.gov, aggressive driving can cost you more money at the pump. Driving just 5 mph over the 60 mph speed limit increases your gas cost by 20 cents per gallon. We can help decrease our dependence on foreign oil and reduce harmful carbon emissions by respecting the laws designed to keep us safe.

3. Which of the following most properly summarizes the passage?

Regardless of your car's make or model, driving more efficiently is a responsible practice all motorists can get behind when we get behind the wheel. Let's start with something we should all be doing anyway: obeying the speed limit. Not only is it the law and a safety matter, but it's an environmental issue. Aggressive driving, sudden braking, and rapid acceleration put unnecessary stress on your engine and the Earth. According to www.fueleconomy.gov, aggressive driving can cost you more money at the pump. Driving just 5 mph over the 60 mph speed limit increases your gas cost by 20 cents per gallon. We can help decrease our dependence on foreign oil and reduce harmful carbon emissions by respecting the laws designed to keep us safe.

By obeying the ___(A)____ limit,  we can save fuel expense and ____(B)_____ harmful carbon emissions

① spending-reduce  ② speed – depend on  ③ spending –increase  ④ speed- reduce ⑤ waste – depend on

4.  다음 글을 읽고 본문의 내용으로 보아, ‘속도를 준수함으로써 얻게 되는 긍정적 효과 두 가지’를 구체적으로 쓰시오

Regardless of your car's make or model, driving more efficiently is a responsible practice all motorists can get behind when we get behind the wheel. Let's start with something we should all be doing anyway: obeying the speed limit. Not only is it the law and a safety matter, but it's an environmental issue. Aggressive driving, sudden braking, and rapid acceleration put unnecessary stress on your engine and the Earth. According to www.fueleconomy.gov, aggressive driving can cost you more money at the pump. Driving just 5 mph over the 60 mph speed limit increases your gas cost by 20 cents per gallon. We can help decrease our dependence on foreign oil and reduce harmful carbon emissions by respecting the laws designed to keep us safe.

정답: 1. an environmental issue. 4.  1)연료비용을 줄일 수 있다   2)유해한 탄소 배출을 줄일 수 있다.

05. 필자의 주장으로 알맞은 것을 고르시오

Every counterargument should be presented as respectfully as possible. That is, you must know how to disagree with others politely. If you think someone's idea won't work, it does no good to say it's "stupid." This type of comment simply insults your colleague. The goal of a meeting is not to demonstrate your own intelligence by "one-upping" someone else. This just creates hard feelings. The goal of each meeting is to create a good working atmosphere among the participants. By working together you should be able to increase each other's effectiveness. It's almost impossible to work together, however, if a meeting is being torn apart by serious disagreements. These must be handled very carefully.

① 소수의 의견을 존중해라

② 상대에게 반론의 기해를 보장해라

③ 반론을 제기할 때 예의를 지켜라

④ 반론을 펼 때 사적인 감정을 배제하라

⑤ 서로 맞서는 의견은 대화를 통해 조정하라

05

| 정답 | ③

| 소재 | 회의에서의 반론 제기

| 해석 |

모든 반론은 가능한 한 정중하게 제기되어야 한다. 다시 말해, 예의 바르게 다른 사람들과 의견을 달리하는 법을 배워야 한다. 누군가의 발상이 효과가 있지 않을 것이라는 생각이 들더라도‘바보 같다’라고 말하는 것은 전혀 도움이 되지 않는다. 이런 식의 말은 동료에게 모욕감을 줄 뿐이다. 회의의 목적은 다른 누군가를‘한발 앞섬’으로써 자기 자신의 지적 능력을 입증하는 것이 아니다. 이렇게하는 것은 악감정을 불러일으킬 뿐이다. 모든 회의의 목적은 참가자들 사이에 좋은 작업 분위기를 만드는 것이다. 협력함으로써 서로의 효율성을 증대시킬 수 있어야 한다. 하지만 회의가 심각한 의견 차이로 분열되고 있다면 협력이 거의 불가능하다. 심각한 의견 차이는 매우 신중하게 다뤄져야 한다.

| Solution Guide |

이 글의 중심 생각은 회의의 목적이 좋은 작업 분위기를 만드는 데있기 때문에 의견 차이가 매우 신중하게 다뤄져야 한다는 것이다. 이를 위해 모든 반론은 예의를 갖추어 제기해야 한다는 것이 필자

의 주장이다. 따라서 정답은 ③이다.

| Structure in Focus |

□ If you think someone’s idea won’t work, [it does no good {to say it’s “stupid}].”

[ ]로 표시된 부분 안에서  {  }가 내용상의 주어이고 it은 형식상의 주어이다.

□ The goal of a meeting is not [to demonstrate your own intelligence {by “one-upping” someone else}].

[ ]로 표시된 부분은 주어를 보충 설명하는 to부정사구이다. 그 안의  {  }는 [ ] 안에 수단의 의미를 더해 준다.

1. Which of the fellowing fits the best in blanks  (A) and (B) ?

Every counterargument should be presented as respectfully as possible. ___(A)____, you must know how to disagree with others politely. If you think someone's idea won't work, it does no good to say it's "stupid." This type of comment simply insults your colleague. The goal of a meeting is not to demonstrate your own intelligence by "one-upping" someone else. This just creates hard feelings. The goal of each meeting is to create a good working atmosphere among the participants. By working together you should be able to increase each other's effectiveness. It's almost impossible to work together, ___(B)____ , if a meeting is being torn apart by serious disagreements. These must be handled very carefully.

① That is	- finally            ② In other words- however     ③ For example	- besides

④ In addition	- On the contrary   ⑤ For instance	- likewise

2. What is the main idea of the passage ?

Every counterargument should be presented as respectfully as possible. That is, you must know how to disagree with others politely. If you think someone's idea won't work, it does no good to say it's "stupid." This type of comment simply insults your colleague. The goal of a meeting is not to demonstrate your own intelligence by "one-upping" someone else. This just creates hard feelings. The goal of each meeting is to create a good working atmosphere among the participants. By working together you should be able to increase each other's effectiveness. It's almost impossible to work together, however, if a meeting is being torn apart by serious disagreements. These must be handled very carefully.

① It is natural that we have minor opinions.

② Working together during a meeting doesn't always work.

③ We need an attitude not to ignore during a meeting.

④  It is important to have a chance at making a counterargument.

⑤  Sometimes we need to express anger for a successful meeting

3.  Which of the following is suitable for the blank?

Every counterargument should be presented as respectfully as possible. That is, you must know how to___________________. If you think someone's idea won't work, it does no good to say it's "stupid." This type of comment simply insults your colleague. The goal of a meeting is not to demonstrate your own intelligence by "one-upping" someone else. This just creates hard feelings. The goal of each meeting is to create a good working atmosphere among the participants. By working together you should be able to increase each other's effectiveness. It's almost impossible to work together, however, if a meeting is being torn apart by serious disagreements. These must be handled very carefully.

① avoid your coworkers       ② set the goal of a meeting     ③ become an effective leader

④ disagree with others politely ⑤ present your own intelligence

4. 다음 주어진 단어로 빈칸에 알맞게 하나의 문장을 완성 하세요

_________________________________________. That is, you must know how to disagree with others politely. If you think someone's idea won't work, it does no good to say it's "stupid." This type of comment simply insults your colleague. The goal of a meeting is not to demonstrate your own intelligence by "one-upping" someone else. This just creates hard feelings. The goal of each meeting is to create a good working atmosphere among the participants. By working together you should be able to increase each other's effectiveness. It's almost impossible to work together, however, if a meeting is being torn apart by serious disagreements. These must be handled very carefully.

[조건] * 6단어 이상의 하나의 완전한 문장으로 쓰시오.  * Every로 문장을 시작하시오.

should / possible / counterargument /be presented / as/ respectfully  / Every

정답:  2. 4. 4. Every counterargument should be presented as respectfully as possible

06. 필자의 주장으로 적절한 것을 고르시오

One of the steps you can take to produce error-free writing is to distinguish the activity of proofreading from that of editing. Many writers regard them as one and the same when they are clearly as different as coffee and tea. One way to increase mechanical correctness is to avoid editing and proofreading at the same time. There is a tendency to become caught up with the content (what you want to say), as opposed to how it is physically presented, and so you miss errors. So, either proofread or edit first. Don't try to do both. If you decide to proofread first, then preview the information to get a feel for the content. This approach will help you resist the temptation to become distracted by what you've attempted to express along the way.

① 글을 쓴 후 교정 작업과 내용 수정은 동시에 하지 않도록 해라

② 글을 쓸 때 오류방지를 위해 반복적인 교정 작업을 해라

③ 글을 수정할 때 오류 수정에 과도하게 초점을 맞추는 것을 피해야 한다

④ 글의 형식은 글의 내용을 효과적으로 전달해야 하는 것이어야 한다

⑤ 비평은 작가의 의도가 분명히 표현되었는지에 관한 것이어야 한다

06

| 정답 | ①

| 소재 | 교정 작업과 내용 수정 작업

| 해석 |오류 없는 글을 쓰기 위해 취할 수 있는 방법 중 하나는 교정 작업과 내용 수정 작업을 구분하는 것이다. 많은 작가들이 그것들(교정작업과 내용 수정 작업)이 커피와 차만큼이나 분명하게 다름에도똑같다고 간주한다. 기계적인 정확성을 증대시킬 수 있는 한 방법은 내용 수정과 교정을 동시에 하는 것을 피하는 것이다. 글이 물리적으로 어떻게 제시되어 있는지가 아니라 글의 내용(말하고자 하는것)에 사로잡히게 되는 경향이 있는데 그렇기에 우리는 오류를 놓친다. 그러므로 교정을 먼저 하든지 내용 수정을 먼저 하든지 하라. 둘을 동시에 하지 않도록 하라. 교정을 먼저 하기로 한다면 내용에 대한 감을 잡기 위해 정보를 미리 봐라. 이 방법을 쓰면 그 과정에서(글을 쓰는 과정에서) 여러분이 표현하고자 했던 것에 의해 주의가 흩어지게 되는 유혹을 이겨 내는 데 도움이 될 것이다.

| Culture Note |

proofreading (교정 작업)보통 글의 문법적 오류나 구두점, 철자 오류 등과 같은 글자나 문장

의 자구(字句)를 대조, 비교하여 바르게 정하는 것 editing (내용 수정 작업)글의 구조나 흐름에 관한 오류를 내용적 측면에서 판단하여 수정하는 것

| Solution Guide |

글쓰기에서 기계적인 오류를 수정하는 교정 작업과 내용을 수정하는 작업을 동시에 하지 않는 것이 좋다는 내용의 글이므로 ①이 필자의 주장으로 가장 적절하다.

| Structure in Focus |

□ One of the steps [you can take to produce error-free writing] is [to distinguish the activity of proofreading from that of editing].

첫 번째 [ ]로 표시된 부분은 the steps를 수식하는 관계절이다.

두 번째 [ ]로 표시된 부분은 to부정사구로 주어를 보충 설명해 준다.

□ This approach will [help you resist the temptation to become distracted by {what you’ve attempted to express along the way}].

[ ]로 표시된 부분은「help＋목적어＋(to)부정사」의 구문으로‘~가 …하는 데 도움이 되다’라는 의미이다.  {  }로 표시된 부분은 선행사를 포함하는 관계절로 by의 목적어 역할을 한다.

1.  Which of the following is suitable for the blank?

One of the steps you can take to produce error-free writing is to distinguish the activity of proofreading from that of editing. Many writers regard them as one and the same when they are clearly as different as coffee and tea. One way to increase mechanical correctness is to avoid editing and proofreading at the same time. There is a tendency to become caught up with the content (what you want to say), as opposed to how it is physically presented, and so you miss errors. So, either proofread or edit first. Don't try to do both. If you decide to proofread first, then preview the information to get a feel for the content. This approach will _________________

① help you deliver what you've attempted to express in your writing

② make you get involved in repetitive editing to make error-free writing

③ have you do proofreading and editing at the same time for satisfactory completion

④ help you pay particular attention to editing work to promote the quality of it

⑤ get you not to be distracted by the content and to focus your attention on proofreading

2. Which of the underlined parts is grammatically incorrect?

One of the steps you can take to produce error-free writing is① to distinguish the activity of proofreading from that of editing. Many writers regard them as one and the same when they are clearly as different as coffee and tea. One way to increase mechanical correctness is to avoid ②editing and proofreading at the same time. There is a tendency to become ③caught up with the content (what you want to say), as ④opposed to how it is physically presented, and so you miss errors. So, either proofread or edit first. Don't try to do both. If you decide to proofread first, then preview the information to get a feel for the content. This approach will help you resist the temptation ⑤to become distracting by what you've attempted to express along the way.

3. 다음 글을 읽고 답하시오

One of the steps you can take to produce error-free writing is to distinguish the activity of proofreading from that of editing. Many writers regard them as one and the same when they are clearly as different as coffee and tea. One way to increase mechanical correctness is to avoid editing and proofreading at the same time. There is a tendency to become caught up with the content (what you want to say), as opposed to how it is physically presented, and so you miss errors. So, either proofread or edit first. Don't try to do both. If you decide to proofread first, then preview the information to get a feel for the content. This approach will help ________________________________by what you've attempted to express along the way.

1. 필자가 (A)와 같이 말한 이유를 본문에서 찾아 우리말로 쓰시오.

2. (B)에 들어갈 문장을 아래의 주어진 단어들만을 이용하여 완성하시오.

resist/ become / to / distract / you / the temptation

4. 다음 글의 내용상 밑줄 친 This approach가 의미하는 바를 15자 내외로 우리말로 쓰시오

One of the steps you can take to produce error-free writing is to distinguish the activity of proofreading from that of editing. Many writers regard them as one and the same when they are clearly as different as coffee and tea. One way to increase mechanical correctness is to avoid editing and proofreading at the same time. There is a tendency to become caught up with the content (what you want to say), as opposed to how it is physically presented, and so you miss errors. So, either proofread or edit first. Don't try to do both. If you decide to proofread first, then preview the information to get a feel for the content. This approach will help you resist the temptation to become distracted by what you've attempted to express along the way.

정답: 5. 5. /  글이 물리적으로 어떻게 제시되어 있는지가 아니라 글의 내용(말하고자 하는 것)에 사로잡히게 되는 경향이 있는데 그렇기에 우리는 오류를 놓친다. /you resist the temptation to become distracted  /  교정과 편집을 동시에 하지 않는 것

04 제목 추론

Gateway

& 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오

Traditional consumption was not particularly thrifty. The concept of thrift emerged out of a more affluent money culture. In traditional societies where resources continued to be scarce, consumption was more seasonally and communally orientated. In years of bountiful crops people ate heartily, and in lean years they starved. People were not particularly motivated to produce more goods for

stockpiling, as there was little incentive to do so where there was little security from raids. When times were good, celebrations of gluttony were held in the winter  season when stocks could not be refilled. These rituals were more important than the potential hardships such celebrations might later bring, as they served to bind people together and distribute resources. Holiday rituals

were typically structured around cultural practices such as song, dance, theater, and feasting, and too a great deal of time away from work.

① What Motivated Traditional Consumption?

② Communal Production of Winter Foods

③ Refilling Stocks: A Survival Necessity

④ How to Survive after a Bad Harvest

⑤ What Constitutes Holiday Rituals?

| 정답 | ①

| 해석 |

전통적인 음식 섭취는 특별히 검소하지 않았다. 검소의 개념은 더 풍요로운 화폐 문화에서 생겨났다. 자원이 계속 부족했던 전통 사회에서 음식 섭취는 좀 더 계절이나 공동체 위주로 이루어졌다. 풍작인 해에는 맘껏 먹었고 수확이 적은 해에는 굶주렸다. 특별히 비축을 위해 더 많은 식량을 생산하려 하지 않았는데, 이는 습격으로부터 거의 안전하지 않은 곳에서 그렇게 할 동기가 거의 없었기 때문이다. 시절이 좋을 때는 (식량) 재고가 다시 채워질 수 없는 겨울에 풍족하게 먹는 것에 대한 기념행사가 열렸다. 이러한 의식은 사람들을 결속시키고 자원을 분배하는 역할을 했으므로 그러한 기념행사가 후에 가져올 수 있는 잠재적인 어려움보다 더 중요했다. 축제일 행사는 보통 노래, 춤, 연극, 만찬과 같은 문화적 관례를 중심으로 구성되었고 일을 하지 않는 많은 시간을 필요로 하였다.

Which of the underlined is NOT suitable in the context?

Traditional consumption was not particularly thrifty. The concept of thrift emerged out of a more affluent money culture. In traditional societies where resources continued to be ① scarce, consumption was more seasonally and communally orientated. In years of ②bountiful crops people ate heartily, and in lean years they starved. People were not particularly motivated to produce ③ less goods for stockpiling, as there was little incentive to do so where there was little security from raids. When times were good, celebrations of gluttony were held in the winter  season when stocks could not be④  refilled. These rituals were more important than the potential ⑤hardships such celebrations might later bring, as they served to bind people together and distribute resources. Holiday rituals were typically structured around cultural practices such as song, dance, theater, and feasting, and too a great deal of time away from work.

2. Which of the underlined parts is grammatically incorrect?

Traditional consumption was not particularly thrifty. The concept of thrift emerged out of a more affluent money culture. In traditional societies ①where resources continued to be scarce, consumption was more seasonally and communally orientated. In years of bountiful crops people ate ②heartily, and in lean years they starved. People were not particularly motivated to produce more goods for stockpiling, as there was ③little incentive to do so where there was little security from raids. When times were good, celebrations of gluttony ④ were held in the winter  season when stocks could not be refilled. These rituals were more important than the potential hardships such celebrations might later bring, as they served to bind people together and ⑤distributed dresources. Holiday rituals were typically structured around cultural practices such as song, dance, theater, and feasting, and too a great deal of time away from work.

3. Where does the given sentence best fit?

These rituals were more important than the potential hardships such celebrations might later bring, as they served to bind people together and distribute resources.

Traditional consumption was not particularly thrifty. The concept of thrift emerged out of a more affluent money culture. ①In traditional societies where resources continued to be scarce, consumption was more seasonally and communally orientated. ② In years of bountiful crops people ate heartily, and in lean years they starved. ③People were not particularly motivated to produce more goods for stockpiling, as there was little incentive to do so where there was little security from raids. ④When times were good, celebrations of gluttony were held in the winter  season when stocks could not be refilled.  ⑤ Holiday rituals were typically structured around cultural practices such as song, dance, theater, and feasting, and too a great deal of time away from work.

4. Which is the correct order of the three sentences after  the given passage?

Traditional consumption was not particularly thrifty. The concept of thrift emerged out of a more affluent money culture. In traditional societies where resources continued to be scarce, consumption was more seasonally and communally orientated.

(A) Holiday rituals were typically structured around cultural practices such as song, dance, theater, and feasting, and too a great deal of time away from work.

(B) In years of bountiful crops people ate heartily, and in lean years they starved. People were not particularly motivated to produce more goods for stockpiling, as there was little incentive to do so where there was little security from raids.

(C) When times were good, celebrations of gluttony were held in the winter  season when stocks could not be refilled. These rituals were more important than the potential hardships such celebrations might later bring, as they served to bind people together and distribute resources.

① (A) - (B) - (C)      ② (B) - (A) - (C) ③ (B) - (C) - (A)      ④ (C) - (A) - (B) ⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)

정답: 3. 5. 5. 3.

1. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Researchers Donald Redelmeier, a medical doctor, and Amos Tversky, a cognitive psychologist, tracked eighteen arthritis patients over fifteen months, asking them to rate their pain level twice each month. Then they matched these data up with local weather reports from the same time period. All but one of the patients believed that weather changes had affected their pain levels. But when Redelmeier and Tversky mapped the reports of pain onto the weather the same day, or the day before, or two days before, there was no association at all. Despite the strong beliefs of the subjects who participated in their experiment, changes in the weather were entirely unrelated to reports of pain.

① Expectations Result in Positive Results

② Move to Warmer Places to Reduce Pain

③ Natural Remedies That Work for Arthritis

④ Why Is the Accuracy of Statistics Important?

⑤ Does Weather Actually Make Arthritis Pain Worse?

정답: ⑤

소재: 날씨변화와 통증의 상관 관계

대부분의 사람들은 분노가 부정적인 감정이며 화를 내는 것이 좋지 않다고 믿는다. 이러한 보통의 시각에도 불구하고 분노는 그것이 기능적 가치를 갖는 한에 있어서는 긍정적인 감정으로 생각될 수 있다. 분노는 목표를 달성하는 데 도움이 되도록 우리의 에너지와 자원을 사용할 수 있도록 한다. 우리의 행동에 활기를 불어넣고 이를 체계화하기 위해서는 분노가 꼭 필요한데, 그것은 분노가 (인간) 관계를 재조정하고 강화시키는 데 도움을 줄 수 있기 때문이다. 싸우고 서로를 향해 분노를 표출하는 두 사람은 분노의 폭발을 단기적으로는 고통스럽고 불쾌한 것으로 느끼지만 장기적으로는 그들 관계에 어쩌면 이득이 되는 것으로 느끼는 경향이 있다. 분노는 새로운 관계에서 화해의 기반을 제공할 수 있다. Ben-Ze’ev가 요약했듯이,“ 다른 감정들과 마찬가지로 알맞은 정도라면 예를 들어 지나치게 흥분되지 않고 사회적으로 건설적인 방식으로 표현된다면 분노는 기능적이다.”

Solution Guide  날씨 변화가 자신들의 통증과 상관관계가 있다는 많은 관절염 환자들의 믿음과는 달리, 실제로 관절염 환자들의 통증은 날씨 변화와 관련이 없다는 것을 연구원들이 밝혀냈다는 것이 이 글의 내용이다. 따라서 이 글의 제목으로는 ⑤‘날씨는 실제로 관절염 통증을 더 심하게 만드는가?’가 가장 적절하다. ① 기대가 긍정적인 결과를 가져온다 ② 통증을 줄이기 위해서 더 따뜻한 장소로 이주하라 ③ 관절염에 효과가 있는 자연 요법 ④ 왜 통계의 정확성이 중요한가?

□ anger 분노           □ get angry 화나다      □ despite ~에도 불구하고        □ common 보통의

□ view 시야, 견해       □ consider 간주하다     □ insofar as ~하는 한에 있어서는 □ functional 기능적인

□ value 가치            □ mobilize 사용할 수 있도록 하다                         □ resource 자원

□ service 도움, 봉사     □ goal 목표            □ attainment 달성, 성취           □ energize 활기를 북돋우다

□ organize 체계화하     □ behavior 행동        □ for 왜냐하면 ~ 때문이다        □ serve 도움이 되다

□ readjust 재조정하다    □ strengthen 강화하다  □ relationship 관계               □ argue 다투다, 언쟁하다

□ express 표현하다     □ be apt to ~하는 경향이 있다                            □ outburst 폭발

□ distressing 고통스러운 □ unpleasant 불쾌한     □ potentially 어쩌면, 잠재적으로

□ basis 기반, 기초       □ reconciliation 화해     □ terms 교제 관계

□ sum up 요약하다      □ proportion 정도, 비율  □ constructive 건설적인

□ aroused 흥분한

1. Which of the following is suitable for the blank?

Researchers Donald Redelmeier, a medical doctor, and Amos Tversky, a cognitive psychologist, tracked eighteen arthritis patients over fifteen months, asking them to rate their pain level twice each month. Then they matched these data up with local weather reports from the same time period. All but one of the patients believed that weather changes had affected their pain levels. But when Redelmeier and Tversky mapped the reports of pain onto the weather the same day, or the day before, or two days before, there was no association at all. Despite the strong beliefs of the subjects who participated in their experiment, _____________________________.

① the experiment was being clearly under control

② their pain level and weather were found connected

③ weather changes were completely irrelevant to level of their pain.

④ changes in the weather and reports of pain were totally related

⑤ the local weather changes had something to do with the pain level of arthritis patients.

2. Which is the correct order of the three sentences after  the given passage?

Researchers Donald Redelmeier, a medical doctor, and Amos Tversky, a cognitive psychologist, tracked eighteen arthritis patients over fifteen months, asking them to rate their pain level twice each month.

(A) Despite the strong beliefs of the subjects who participated in their experiment, changes in the weather were entirely unrelated to reports of pain.

(B) Then they matched these data up with local weather reports from the same time period. All but one of the patients believed that weather changes had affected their pain levels.

(C) But when Redelmeier and Tversky mapped the reports of pain onto the weather the same day, or the day before, or two days before, there was no association at all.

① (A)-(B)-(C)    ② (A)-(C)-(B)   ③ (B)-(C)-(A)     ④  (C)-(A)-(B)     ⑤  (C)-(B)-(A)

3.  Which of the underlined parts is grammatically incorrect?

Researchers Donald Redelmeier, a medical doctor, and Amos Tversky, a cognitive psychologist, tracked eighteen arthritis patients over fifteen months, ①asking them to rate their pain level twice each month. Then they matched these data up with local weather reports from the same time period. All ②but one of the patients believed that weather changes ③ had affected their pain levels. But when Redelmeier and Tversky mapped the reports of pain onto the weather the same day, or the day before, or two days before, there was no association at all.④ Despite the strong beliefs of the subjects who participated in their experiment, changes in the weather ⑤was  entirely unrelated to reports of pain.

4.  Which of the following is suitable for the blank?

Researchers Donald Redelmeier, a medical doctor, and Amos Tversky, a cognitive psychologist, tracked eighteen arthritis patients over fifteen months, asking them to rate their pain level twice each month. Then they matched these data up with local weather reports from the same time period. All but one of the patients believed that weather changes had affected their pain levels. But when Redelmeier and Tversky mapped the reports of pain onto the weather the same day, or the day before, or two days before, there was no ________ at all. Despite the strong beliefs of the subjects who participated in their experiment, changes in the weather were entirely unrelated to reports of pain.

① probability  ② correction   ③ association  ④  argument    ⑤  evidence

정답: 3. 3. 5 .3

2. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Imagine you are eating an apple. As you bite into its skin, it is crisp and snaps as your teeth crunch into its skin. At first, the apple makes you salivate with its tart taste, but soon you begin to savor its rich, full, sweet flavor. You can smell its orchard freshness as you continue to munch on this delicious fruit. Notice what we have just done? We experienced tastes, smells, and the feeling of eating the fruit. Your brain experienced no difficulty in experiencing the eating of this fruit while reading. Why aren't you doing this while reading other material as well? Doesn't it make sense, that the more senses you use while reading, the more brain you would stimulate? Doesn't it make sense that the more brain you stimulate the easier it will be to retain and recall that information later? This is precisely what does happen.

① Read Books Daily Just as You Eat Meals Daily

② It's Quality That Counts in Reading, Not Quantity

③ Incorporate More Fresh Fruits into Your Healthy Diet

④ Vitamins in Fruits Help to Improve Your Brain Health

⑤ Activate More Senses While Reading for Better Memory

02| 정답 | ⑤

| 소재 |읽기에서 감각 자극의 필요성

| 해석 |

여러분이 사과를 먹고 있다고 상상해 보라. 그 껍질을 베어 물 때, 그것은 아삭거리다가 이가 그 껍질 속으로 서걱거리며 들어가면서 톡 끊어진다. 처음에는 사과의 시큼한 맛이 여러분으로 하여금 침을 흘리게 하지만, 여러분은 곧 그것의 풍부하고 풍성하며 달콤한 맛을 음미하기 시작한다. 계속해서 이 맛있는 과일을 아삭아삭 씹을 때 여러분은 과수원의 신선한 향기를 맡을 수 있다. 우리가 무엇을 했는지 알아차리는가? 우리는 맛, 향기, 그리고 과일을 먹는 기분을 경험했다. 읽는 동안에 여러분의 뇌는 이 과일을 먹는 것을 경험하는 데 어떤 어려움도 겪지 않았다. 왜 다른 자료를 읽는 동안에도 역시 이것을 안 하고 있는가? 읽는 동안 여러분이 더 많은 감각을 사용할수록 여러분이 더 많은 뇌를 자극할 것이라는 것이 이치에 맞지 않는가? 여러분이 더 많은 뇌를 자극할수록 그 정보를 잊지않고 있다가 나중에 다시 생각해 내는 것이 더 쉬울 것이라는 것이 이치에 맞지 않는가? 이것은 정말이지 실제로 일어나는 일이다.

| Solution Guide |

독서를 할 때 더 많은 감각을 사용하면 더 많은 뇌를 자극하게 되어, 결국 정보를 잊지 않고 나중에 생각해 내는 것이 더 쉽다는 내용의 글이므로, 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은 ⑤‘더 나은 기억력을 위해 독서할 때 더 많은 감각을 활성화하라’이다.

① 매일 식사하는 것과 마찬가지로 매일 책을 읽으라

② 독서에서 중요한 것은 양이 아니라 질이다

③ 건강에 좋은 식단에 신선한 과일을 더 많이 포함시키라

④ 과일에 함유된 비타민이 뇌 건강을 향상하는 데 도움이 된다

snap 톡하면서 끊어지다, 찰칵[딱]하고 소리 나다

crunch 어쩍[우두둑] 깨물다

tart 시큼한

savor 음미하다, 맛보다

munch on ~을 아삭아삭[우적우적] 씹다

stimulate 자극하다, 활발하게 하다

retain 잊지 않고 있다, 보유하다

recall 생각

1. Which is the correct order of the three sentences after  the given passage?

Imagine you are eating an apple. As you bite into its skin, it is crisp and snaps as your teeth crunch into its skin.

(A) Doesn't it make sense, that the more senses you use while reading, the more brain you would stimulate? Doesn't it make sense that the more brain you stimulate the easier it will be to retain and recall that information later? This is precisely what does happen.

(B) At first, the apple makes you salivate with its tart taste, but soon you begin to savor its rich, full, sweet flavor. You can smell its orchard freshness as you continue to munch on this delicious fruit.

(C) Notice what we have just done? We experienced tastes, smells, and the feeling of eating the fruit. Your brain experienced no difficulty in experiencing the eating of this fruit while reading. Why aren't you doing this while reading other material as well?

① (A) - (B) - (C)  ② (B) - (A) - (C)  ③ (B) - (C) - (A)    ④ (C) - (A) - (B)   ⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)

2. Which of the underlined parts is grammatically incorrect?

Imagine you are eating an apple. As you bite into its skin, it is crisp and snaps as your teeth crunch into its skin. At first, the apple makes you ①salivate with its tart taste, but soon you begin to savor its rich, full, sweet flavor. You can smell its orchard freshness as you continue to munch on this delicious fruit. Notice ②what we have just done? We experienced tastes, smells, and the feeling of eating the fruit. Your brain experienced no difficulty in③ experiencing the eating of this fruit while reading. Why aren't you doing this while reading other material as well? Doesn't it make sense, that the more senses you use while reading, the more brain you would stimulate? Doesn't it make sense that the more brain you stimulate ④the easier it will be to retain and recall that information later? This is precisely what ⑤do happen.

3.  Which of the following most properly summarizes the passage?

Imagine you are eating an apple. As you bite into its skin, it is crisp and snaps as your teeth crunch into its skin. At first, the apple makes you salivate with its tart taste, but soon you begin to savor its rich, full, sweet flavor. You can smell its orchard freshness as you continue to munch on this delicious fruit. Notice what we have just done? We experienced tastes, smells, and the feeling of eating the fruit. Your brain experienced no difficulty in experiencing the eating of this fruit while reading. Why aren't you doing this while reading other material as well? Doesn't it make sense, that the more senses you use while reading, the more brain you would stimulate? Doesn't it make sense that the more brain you stimulate the easier it will be to retain and recall that information later? This is precisely what does happen.

According above passage, the more ___(A)____  you use while reading, the more brain you would ____(B)____

① mind-operate  ② senses-stimulate  ③ mind –operate   ④ senses- destroy  ⑤ thought-stimulate

정답: 3. 5. 2.

03. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오

If you are in a building, imagine what would happen if all the wood  -  wood comes from plants  -  suddenly disappeared. Many buildings would either collapse or vanish except for the nails. Sitting in a concrete building? Wood forms were used to hold the concrete as it hardened. There is a good chance your chair and table would vanish if wood suddenly ceased to exist. Now think of your clothing. Without plants, your cotton shirts, pants, dresses, coats, socks, sneakers, and underwear would all vanish and most of us would be naked without plant products. To get a feeling for how much we rely on plants to protect ourselves from the environment, imagine yourself somewhere with no plants  -  the Sahara Desert, for example, or the North Pole  -  and imagine you are naked.

① Plants is Essential for our Survival

② Wood: The bBest Building Material

③ Use of Plants for Clothing

④ Where Trees can’t live

⑤ Grow Plant Indoor

03

| 정답 | ①

| 소재 | 인간을 보호하는 식물

| 해석 |

여러분이 한 건물 안에 있다면, 식물로부터 얻는 모든 목재가 갑자기 사라진다면 어떤 일이 생길지 상상해 보라. 많은 건물들이 무너지거나 못을 제외하고 사라져 버릴 것이다. 콘크리트 건물 안에 앉아 있는가? 목재 틀이 콘크리트가 굳을 때 그것을 고정시키기 위해사용되었다. 목재가 갑자기 존재하기를 멈춘다면 여러분의 의자와 탁자가 사라져 버릴 가능성이 높다. 이제 여러분의 옷을 생각해 보라. 식물이 없으면, 여러분의 면 셔츠, 바지, 드레스, 코트, 양말, 운동화 그리고 내의는 모두 사라져 버릴 것이고, 우리들 대부분은 식물 제품이 없으면 벌거벗게 될 것이다. 우리가 환경으로부터 우리를 보호하기 위해 얼마나 식물에 의존하는지에 대한 감을 얻기 위해 여러분 자신이 식물이 없는 어딘가에 있는 것을, 예를 들어 사하라 사막이나 북극에 있는 것을 상상해 보라. 그리고 여러분이 벌거벗은 것을 상상해 보라.

| Solution Guide |

식물이 없다면 건물이나 가구, 옷과 같은 것들이 사라지게 되어 환경으로부터 우리가 보호받을 수 없다는 점을 설명하는 내용이므로, ①‘식물은 우리의 생존에 필수적이다’가 글의 제목으로 가장 적절

하다.② 실내에서 식물을 길러라③ 나무가 살 수 없는 곳④ 의복을 만들기 위한 식물의 사용

⑤ 목재: 최고의 건축 자재

| Structure in Focus |

□ There is a good chance [your chair and table would vanish if wood suddenly ceased to exist].

[ ]로 표시된 부분은 접속사 that이 생략된 형태로 a good chance와 동격 관계에 있으며, 가정법이 쓰여‘~한다면, …할 것 이다’의 뜻을 나타낸다.

□ imagine 상상하다     □ happen 일어나다      □ suddenly  갑자기      □ disappear 사라지다

□ either A or B   A 이거나 B                    □ collapse 무너지다      □ vanish 사라지다

□ except for ~를 제외하고 □ nail 못             □ concrete 콘크리트(의)   □ be use to V ~하는데 사용되어지다

□ hold 붙들다, 유지하다                         □ harden 굳다            □ chance 가능성

□ cease 중단하다          □ exist 존재하다      □ clothing 의복, 옷       □ cotton 면, 면화

□ sneakers 스니커즈 운동화 □ naked 벌거벗은    □ without ~가 없다면    □ rely on 의존하다

□ protect 보호하다       □ somewhere 어딘가에  □ the North Pole

1  What is the main idea of the passage ?

If you are in a building, imagine what would happen if all the wood  -  wood comes from plants  -  suddenly disappeared. Many buildings would either collapse or vanish except for the nails. Sitting in a concrete building? Wood forms were used to hold the concrete as it hardened. There is a good chance your chair and table would vanish if wood suddenly ceased to exist. Now think of your clothing. Without plants, your cotton shirts, pants, dresses, coats, socks, sneakers, and underwear would all vanish and most of us would be naked without plant products. To get a feeling for how much we rely on plants to protect ourselves from the environment, imagine yourself somewhere with no plants  -  the Sahara Desert, for example, or the North Pole  -  and imagine you are naked.

① 자연을 위해 식물을 많이 심자

② 환경을 보호하자

③ 지나치게 식물에 의존하지 말자

④ 식물은 우리의 생존에 필수적이다

⑤ 환경에 잘 어울리는 집을 건설하자

2. Which of the fellowing  is awkward or unrelated in the context?

If you are in a building, imagine what would happen if all the wood  -  wood comes from plants  -  suddenly disappeared. Many buildings would either collapse or vanish except for the nails.   ①To build a concrete building where you sit, wood forms were used to hold the concrete as it hardened?   ② Sitting in a concrete building? Wood forms were used to hold the concrete as it hardened. ③ There is a good chance your chair and table would vanish if wood suddenly ceased to exist. Now think of your clothing. ④ Without plants, your cotton shirts, pants, dresses, coats, socks, sneakers, and underwear would all vanish and most of us would be naked without plant products. ⑤ To get a feeling for how much we rely on plants to protect ourselves from the environment, imagine yourself somewhere with no plants  -  the Sahara Desert, for example, or the North Pole  -  and imagine you are naked.

3.  Where does the given sentence best fit?

Now think of your clothing.

If you are in a building, imagine what would happen if all the wood  -  wood comes from plants  -  suddenly disappeared. Many buildings would either collapse or vanish except for the nails. Sitting in a concrete building? ① Wood forms were used to hold the concrete as it hardened. ②There is a good chance your chair and table would vanish if wood suddenly ceased to exist. ③Without plants, your cotton shirts, pants, dresses, coats, socks, sneakers, and underwear would all vanish and most of us would be naked without plant products. ④ To get a feeling for how much we rely on plants to protect ourselves from the environment, imagine yourself somewhere with no plants  -  the Sahara Desert, for example, or the North Pole  -  and imagine you are naked. ⑤

정답: 4. 1. 3.

4. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

If we believe that good will come to us and that we are worthy of this goodness, then the outcome of the situation will likely be good. The key to our own success, regardless of the outcome, is simply the attitude we have when we enter the situation. Take, for example, an even

more serious physical situation like medical surgery. If you are convinced that you might experience death during the procedure, then this possibly could be your outcome. On the other hand, if you are convinced that you are going to fight your way through the surgery and put all

your efforts into a full recovery, then this will likely be your outcome.

① Efforts Finally Pay Off

② Don't Put Things Before People

③ Focus on Process Rather Than Outcome

④ Success Depends on Our Own Belief in It

⑤ Quality of Life Varies Among Individuals

04| 정답 | ④

| 소재 |성공의 열쇠

| 해석 |

좋은 일이 우리에게 일어날 것이고 우리가 이렇게 좋은 것을 받을 가치가 있다고 믿는다면, 그 상황의 결과가 아마도 좋을 것이다. 우리 자신의 성공으로 가는 열쇠는 참으로, 결과와는 상관없이 우리가 그 상황에 처할 때 가지는 태도이다. 한 예로, 수술과 같은 훨씬 더 심각한 신체적 상황을 들어 보자. 수술을 하는 동안 죽음을 경험

할지도 모른다고 확신하면, 이것이 아마도 여러분의 결과가 될 것이다. 반대로, 수술과 싸우며 헤쳐 나가고 완전한 회복을 위해 모든 노력을 할 것이라고 확신하면, 이것이 아마도 여러분의 결과가 될

것이다.

| Solution Guide |

어떤 상황에 처할 때 좋은 일이 일어날 것이라고 생각하고 또 그렇게 믿으면 결과가 좋아진다는 내용이므로, 글의 제목으로는 ④‘성공은 그에 대한 우리 자신의 믿음에 달려 있다’가 가장 적절하다.

Words & Phrases

❍  outcome 결과

❍  attitude 태도

❍  convinced 확신하는

❍  procedure 수술, 절차

❍  medical surgery 수술

❍  recovery 회복

1. What is the correct order to complete a story fellowing the given statement?

If we believe that good will come to us and that we are worthy of this goodness, then the outcome of the situation will likely be good.

(A) On the other hand, if you are convinced that you are going to fight your way through the surgery and put all your efforts into a full recovery, then this will likely be your outcome.

(B) The key to our own success, regardless of the outcome, is simply the attitude we have when we enter the situation.

(C) Take, for example, an even more serious physical situation like medical surgery. If you are convinced that you might experience death during the procedure, then this possibly could be your outcome.

① (A)-(B)-(C) ②(B)-(A)-(C)  ③(B)-(C)-(A)  ④(C)-(A)-(B)  ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

2. Which of the fellowing  is awkward or unrelated in the context?

If we believe that good will come to us and that we are worthy of this goodness, then the outcome of the situation will likely be good. ①The key to our own success, regardless of the outcome, is simply the attitude we have when we enter the situation. ②The attitude of a person is determined by psychological factors like ideas, values, beliefs and all these have a complex role in determining a person's attitude. ③Take, for example, an even more serious physical situation like medical surgery.④ If you are convinced that you might experience death during the procedure, then this possibly could be your outcome. ⑤ On the other hand, if you are convinced that you are going to fight your way through the surgery and put all your efforts into a full recovery, then this will likely be your outcome.

3.Which of the fellowing fits the best in blanks  (A) and (B) ?

If we believe that good will come to us and that we are worthy of this goodness, then the outcome of the situation will likely be good. The key to our own success, regardless of the outcome, is simply the attitude we have when we enter the situation. Take, ___(A)____, an even more serious physical situation like medical surgery. If you are convinced that you might experience death during the procedure, then this possibly could be your outcome. ___(B)____ , if you are convinced that you are going to fight your way through the surgery and put all your efforts into a full recovery, then this will likely be your outcome.

① however- Therefore      ② for example-Likewise     ③  that is - On the other hand

④ however- Likewise       ⑤ for example-On the other hand

4. Which of the following is suitable for the blank?

If we believe that good will come to us and that we are worthy of this goodness, then the outcome of the situation will likely be good. The key to our own success, regardless of the outcome, is simply ____________when we enter the situation. Take, for example, an even more serious physical situation like medical surgery. If you are convinced that you might experience death during the procedure, then this possibly could be your outcome. On the other hand, if you are convinced that you are going to fight your way through the surgery and put all your efforts into a full recovery, then this will likely be your outcome.

① the attitude  we have     ② the ability we have       ③ the process we make

④  the curiosity we have   ⑤ the  relationship we have

정답: 3. 2. 5. 1.

05 어조·분위기·심경 파악

Gateway

05 어조·분위기·심경 파악

1 심경 변화로 가장 적절한 것은?

Stepping up to the microphone, Gabby could feel the sweat starting to run down her face and neck. She tried to take a deep breath, but couldn't. As her name was called, Gabby became more afraid of speaking before a large audience. Then, she suddenly remembered the words of a woman who had gradually overcome the same fear: "Fear, rapid heartbeat, quick breathing, and sweating

are simply the body's declaration that we are ready to fight." Recalling this, Gabby calmed down and remembered clearly what she had to say. Assured, Gabby smiled and started to deliver her speech. The words flowed out like water, and her beating heart gave her more and more mental strength. The performance was successful. She had overcome her fear.

① hopeful → scared   ② indifferent → refreshed    ③ jealous → delighted

④ anxious → confused ⑤ worried → confident

정답: ⑤

마이크에 다가갔을 때 Gabby는 그녀의 얼굴과 목으로 땀이 흘러내리기 시작하는 것을 느낄 수 있었다. 그녀는 심호흡을 하려고 시도했지만 할 수 없었다. 그녀의 이름이 불려 졌을 때 Gabby는 많은 청중들 앞에서 말하는 것이 더 두려워졌다. 그때, 갑자기 그녀는 점진적으로 같은 두려움을 극복했던 한 여성의 말이 기억났다. “두려움, 빠른 심장박동, 빠른 호흡 그리고 땀이 나는 것은 우리가 싸울 준비가 되어있다는 우리 몸의 선언이다.” 이것을 회상하며 Gabby는 진정하고 그녀가 말해야 할 것을 분명하게 기억했다. 자신감에 찬 Gabby는 웃으며 연설을 시작했다. 말은 물처럼 흘러나왔고, 그녀의 뛰는 심장은 그녀에게 더 많은 정신적 힘을 주었다. 연설은 성공적이었다. 그녀는 자신의 두려움을 극복했다.

Words & Phrases oeoeoe

❍ sweat 땀 땀을 흘리다

❍ take a deep breath 심호흡을 하다

❍ audience 청중, 관중

❍ gradually 서서히, 점차

❍ overcome 극복하다

❍ declaration 선언

❍ assured 자신 있는, 확신이 있는

❍ strength 힘

❍ heartbeat 심장 박동

❍ recall 상기하다

❍ deliver a speech 연설을 하다

❍ performance (무대 위에서 보여 주는) 연기,

1, Which of the underlined parts is grammatically incorrect?  4

Stepping up to the microphone, Gabby could feel the sweat① starting to run down her face and neck. She tried to take a deep breath, but couldn't. As her name ②was called, Gabby became more afraid of speaking before a large audience. Then, she suddenly remembered the words of a woman who③ had gradually overcome the same fear: "Fear, rapid heartbeat, quick breathing, and sweating  are simply the body's declaration ④which  we are ready to fight." Recalling this, Gabby calmed down and remembered clearly what she had to say. ⑤ Assured, Gabby smiled and started to deliver her speech. The words flowed out like water, and her beating heart gave her more and more mental strength. The performance was successful. She had overcome her fear.

1. 다음 글의 상황에 나타난 분위기로 가장 적절한 것은?

The morning tide was low, exposing rough rocks and more beach area than usual. It's incredible the way the beach changes from high to low tide. Hie tide eliminates more of the sandy beach and low tide exposes more beach. The sky was washed with yellows and oranges as the sun slipped over the horizon; from my vantage point the sun could be seen making its first appearance of the day. As it kissed the horizon goodbye, the sun began its ascent into the inviting island sky; a clear, cloudless sky, as blue as the most perfect summer skies. The sun was being lifted into the sky by an invisible pulley system; the works and beauty of nature are surely unmatched and amazing! *vantage point (무엇인가 지켜보기에) 좋은 위치 ** pulley 도르래

① lonely and deserted

② tense and frightening

③ humorous and exciting

④ boring and monotonous

⑤ wonderful and spectacular

| 정답 | ⑤

| 소재 |수평선 위로 떠오르는 태양

| 해석 |

아침의 조수는 간조였고 울퉁불퉁한 바위와 평소보다 더 많은 해변을 드러내고 있었다. 해변이 만조에서 간조로 바뀌는 방식은 놀랍다. 만조는 모래 해변을 더 많이 없애 버리고 간조는 해변을 더 많이 드러낸다. 태양이 수평선 위로 미끄러지듯 떠오르면서 하늘이 노란색과 오렌지색으로 물들었는데, 내가 자리 잡은 좋은 위치에서 태양이 그날 처음으로 모습을 드러내는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 태양이 수평선에게 작별의 입맞춤을 했을 때 그 태양은 올라와 보라고 유혹하는, 섬의 하늘로 올라가기 시작했는데, 가장 완벽한 여름 하늘 만큼 푸른, 맑게 개고, 구름 없는 하늘이었다. 보이지 않는 도르래 장치에 의해 태양은 하늘로 들어 올려지고 있었는데, 자연의 작품과 아름다움은 확실히 비길 데가 없고 경이롭다!

| Solution Guide |

바다의 수평선 위로 떠오르는 태양의 놀랍고 아름다운 광경을 묘사하는 글이므로, 이 글의 분위기로 가장 적절한 것은 ⑤‘놀랍고 장관인’이다.

① 쓸쓸하고 황폐한② 긴장되고 무서운③ 유머러스하고 활기찬④ 지루하고 단조로운

Words & Phrases oeoeoe

❍ tide 조수, 조류

❍ horizon 수평선, 지평선

❍ lift 들어 올리다

❍ expose 드러내다, 노출하다

❍ ascent 오름, 상승

❍ unmatched 비길 데 없는

❍ eliminate 없애다, 제거하다

❍ inviting (~해 보라고) 유혹하는

1. Which of the underlined is NOT suitable in the context?  5

The morning tide was low, exposing rough rocks and more beach area than usual. It's ①incredible the way the beach changes from high to low tide. Hie tide②  eliminates more of the sandy beach and low tide exposes more beach. The sky was washed with yellows and oranges as the sun slipped over the horizon; from my vantage point the sun could be seen making its first ③appearance of the day. As it kissed the horizon goodbye, the sun began its ascent into the inviting island sky; a clear, cloudless sky, as blue as the most perfect summer skies. The sun was being lifted into the sky by an④ invisible pulley system; the works and beauty of nature are surely ⑤matched and amazing!

02. 다음 글의 상황에 나타난 글의 분위기로 적절한 것은?

My breath grew heavy as I focused on what was ahead. Feeling my hands getting sweaty, I waited until the floodlight had hit the edge of the forest and then started running. Stumbling several times, I made it to the gap between the barbed-wire fence, but my pants got caught in it. Releasing them quickly, I looked around and saw the cigarette light of the soldier about fifty feet from me; I prayed that he did not see or hear me. I hit the ground, got as close as possible to the barbed wire, and then waited. The light passed over me, and it stayed quiet. After it came around again, I got up, made it behind the barbed wire, and started running. Suddenly the dog started barking.

① boring and lonely

② noisy and pleasant

③ calm and peaceful

④ tense and frightening

⑤ promising and hopeful

| 정답| ④

| 소재| 철조망 담을 넘는 탈출

| 해석| 내가 앞에 있는 것에 집중하고 있을 때 나의 숨은 느리고 가빠졌다. 손에 땀이 나는 것을 느끼면서 나는 투광조명등이 숲의 어귀를 비출 때까지 기다렸다가 달리기 시작했다. 나는 여러 번 넘어지면서 철조망 담 사이의 갈라진 틈에 다다랐지만, 내 바지가 그것에 걸려 버렸다. 나는 재빨리 바지를 (가시철사로부터) 풀면서 주변을 둘러보았고 나로부터 50피트 정도 떨어진 곳에서 병사의 담뱃불을 보았다. 나는 그가 나를 보거나 내 소리를 듣지 않기를 기도했다. 나는 바닥에 엎드려 철조망에 최대한 가까이 다가가서 기다렸다. 불빛이 내 위를 지나갔고 사방이 고요했다. 불빛이 다시 원래의 자리로 돌아가자 나는 일어나서 철조망을 넘었고 달리기 시작했다. 갑자기 개가 짖기 시작했다.

|

Solution Guide |

투광 조명등과 보초병을 피해 철조망 담을 넘어 탈출하는 과정을 묘사하고 있으므로, 이 글의 분위기로 가장 적절한것은 ④ ‘긴장되고 무서운’이다.

① 지루하고 외로운 ② 소란스럽고 유쾌한 ③ 고요하고 평화로운 ⑤ 기대되고 희망찬

Words & Phrases oeoeoe

❍ sweaty 땀이 나는, 땀에 젖은

❍ stumble 넘어지다, 비틀거리다

❍ hit the ground 바닥에 엎드리다

❍ floodlight 투광조명등

❍ make it 도달하다, (바라던 일을) 해내다

❍ come around 원래의 자리로 돌아가다

❍ edge 어귀, 가장자리❍ release 풀어 주다, 놓아주다  ❍ bark (개 등이) 짖다

내용과 일치하지 않는 것은 ?

My breath grew heavy as I focused on what was ahead. Feeling my hands getting sweaty, I waited until the floodlight had hit the edge of the forest and then started running. Stumbling several times, I made it to the gap between the barbed-wire fence, but my pants got hung up in it. Releasing them quickly, I looked around and saw the cigarette light of the soldier about fifty feet from me; I prayed that he did not see or hear me. I hit the ground and got as close as possible to the barbed wire, then waited. The light passed over me, and it stayed quiet. After it came around again, I got up, made it behind the barbed wire, and started running. Suddenly the dog started barking.

① 손에 땀이 나는 것을 느끼면서 나는 투광조명등이 숲의 어귀를 비출 때까지 기다렸다가 달리기 시작했다.

② 여러 번 넘어지면서 철조망 담 사이의 갈라진 틈에 다다랐지만, 내 바지가 그것에 걸려 버렸다.

③ 나로부터 50피트 정도 떨어진 곳에서 병사의 담뱃불을 보았다

④ 바닥에 엎드려 철조망에 최대한 가까이 다가가서 기다렸다.

⑤ 불빛이 다시 원래의 자리로 돌아가자 나는 일어나서 철조망을 넘다가 붙잡혔다

2. Which of the underlined parts is grammatically incorrect?

My breath grew heavy as I focused on ①what was ahead. Feeling my hands getting sweaty, I waited until the floodlight had hit the edge of the forest and then started running. ② Stumbling several times, I made it to the gap between the barbed-wire fence, but my pants got hung up in it. ③ Releasing them quickly, I looked around and saw the cigarette light of the soldier about fifty feet from me; I prayed that he did not see or hear me. I hit the ground and got as ④ closely  as possible to the barbed wire, then waited. The light passed over me, and it stayed quiet. After it came around again, I got up, made it behind the barbed wire, and started running. Suddenly the dog started ⑤barking.

3.  What is the correct order to complete a story fellowing the given statement?

My breath grew heavy as I focused on what was ahead.

(A) Releasing them quickly,  I looked around and saw the cigarette light of the soldier about fifty feet from me; I prayed that he did not see or hear me. I hit the ground and got as close as possible to the barbed wire, then waited.

(B) Feeling my hands getting sweaty, I waited until the floodlight had hit the edge of the forest and then started running. Stumbling several times, I made it to the gap between the barbed-wire fence, but my pants got hung up in it.

(C) The light passed over me, and it stayed quiet. After it came around again, I got up, made it behind the barbed wire, and started running. Suddenly the dog started barking.

① (A)-(B)-(C) ②(B)-(A)-(C)  ③(B)-(C)-(A)  ④(C)-(A)-(B)  ⑤(C)-(B)-(A)

정답: 5. 4. 2.

03. Teck Meng 의 심경으로 알맞은 것을 고르시오

Teck Meng knew that he was going to be late for his meeting. He was driving his car in heavy traffic through busy Orchard Road. As he drove toward a traffic light, he was hoping that the lights would remain green to allow him through. But then, just as he was about to pass, the lights turned yellow and red in quick succession. He had to brake hard to avoid being caught by the red light cameras. "Great!" he muttered under his breath. He began to sweat, waiting for the light to change. Soon, he was off again. Suddenly, another car cut into his lane without warning, slowing him down. That was the last straw for Teck Meng. He shouted at the other driver. He lost his temper and sped down the road, leaning on his horn.

① sad and regretful      ② impatient and angry      ③ bored and  indifferent

④ surorised and pleased  ⑤ hopeful and anticipating

03

| 정답 | ②

| 소재 | 모임 약속에 늦은 상황

| 해석 |Teck Meng은 자신이 모임에 늦게 될 거라는 것을 알고 있었다. 그는 차량 정체 속에서 자신의 자동차를 운전해서 붐비는 Orchard Road를 통과하고 있었다. 한 교통 신호등을 향해 다가갈 때 그는 자신이 지나갈 수 있도록 신호등이 초록색 상태를 유지하기를 바라고 있었다. 하지만 막 그가 지나가려고 했을 때, 신호등은 잇달아 빠르게 황색으로 그리고 적색으로 바뀌었다. 그는 신호 위반 단속 카메라에찍히지않으려고브레이크를세게밟아야만했다.“ 잘했어!” 그는 낮은 목소리로 중얼거렸다. 그는 신호등이 바뀌기를 기다리면서 땀을 흘리기 시작했다. 이내 그는 다시 출발했다. 갑자기, 다른 자동차가 그의 차선으로 예고도 없이 끼어들어 그의 속도를 늦췄다. 그것이 Teck Meng에게는 더는 견딜 수 없는 한계였다. 그는 그 다른 운전자에게 소리를 질렀다. 그는 화를 내며 (몸을 숙여) 경음기에 체중을 실은 채 도로를 따라 과속으로 달려갔다.

| Culture Note |

아이러니(irony)

본문에서 Teck Meng은 신호등에 걸린 다음 “Great!”이라고 낮은 목소리로 중얼거리는데, 이는 실제로 자신의 행동을 칭찬하는 것이 아니다. 오히려 이후에 신호등이 바뀌길 기다리면서 땀을 흘리고 있는 것으로 보아 신호등에 걸려 어쩔 수 없이 멈춰야 하는 상황에 대한 자조적인 표현이고 이러한 표현을 통해 Teck Meng이

처한 상황은 더욱 극적인 효과를 얻게 된다.

| Solution Guide |

모임에 늦은 Teck Meng이 자신의 자동차를 운전해 모임 장소로가면서 일어난 일을 묘사하고 있는 글이다. Teck Meng은 차량정체를 겪고 신호등에 걸리면서 땀을 흘릴 정도로 조급함을 느낀다. 다시 출발은 했지만, 갑자기 끼어든 다른 자동차로 인해 화가난 Teck Meng은 (몸을 숙여) 경음기에 체중을 실은 채 과속을 하게 된다. 이런 상황 묘사를 통해 알 수 있는 Teck Meng의 심경은 ②‘조급하고 화가 난’이다.① 슬프고 후회하는③ 지루하고 무관심한④ 놀라고 기쁜⑤ 희망에 차 있고 기대하는

| Structure in Focus |

□ As he drove toward a traffic light, he was hoping [that the lights would remain green {to allow him through}]. [ ]로 표시된 that절은 was hoping의 목적어 역할을 하는 명사절이다.  {  }로 표시된 to부정사구는 목적의 의미를 나타낸다.

□ He had to brake hard to avoid being caught by the red light cameras.

He가 catch가 나타내는 행위의 대상이므로 수동 형태의 동명사구인 being caught를 사용했다.

Words & Phrases oeoeoe

❍ heavy traffic 차량 정체               ❍ under one's breath 낮은 목소리로

❍ lean on (몸을 숙여) ~에 체중을 싣다  ❍ in succession 잇달아

❍ the last straw 더는 견딜 수 없는 한계  ❍ mutter 중얼거리다

❍ lose one's temper 화를 내다

Which of the underlined parts is grammatically incorrect?

Teck Meng knew ① that he was going to be late for his meeting. He was driving his car in heavy traffic through busy Orchard Road. As he drove toward a traffic light, he was hoping that the lights would remain green ② to allow him through. But then, just as he was about to pass, the lights turned yellow and red in quick succession. He had to brake hard to avoid ③being caught by the red light cameras. "Great!" he muttered under his breath. He began to sweat, ④waited for the light to change. Soon, he was off again. Suddenly, another car cut into his lane without warning, slowing him down. That was the last straw for Teck Meng. He shouted at the other driver. He lost his temper and sped down the road,⑤  leaning on his horn.

2. Where does the given sentence best fit?

But then, just as he was about to pass, the lights turned yellow and red in quick succession.

Teck Meng knew that he was going to be late for his meeting. He was driving his car in heavy traffic through busy Orchard Road.①  As he drove toward a traffic light, he was hoping that the lights would remain green to allow him through. ②He had to brake hard to avoid being caught by the red light cameras. "Great!" he muttered under his breath. ③He began to sweat, waiting for the light to change. Soon, he was off again. ④Suddenly, another car cut into his lane without warning, slowing him down. ⑤ That was the last straw for Teck Meng. He shouted at the other driver. He lost his temper and sped down the road, leaning on his horn.

3.  Which is the correct order of the three sentences after  the given passage?

Teck Meng knew that he was going to be late for his meeting.

(A) But then, just as he was about to pass, the lights turned yellow and red in quick succession. He had to brake hard to avoid being caught by the red light cameras. "Great!" he muttered under his breath. He began to sweat, waiting for the light to change. Soon, he was off again.

(B)  He was driving his car in heavy traffic through busy Orchard Road. As he drove toward a traffic light, he was hoping that the lights would remain green to allow him through.

(C) Suddenly, another car cut into his lane without warning, slowing him down. That was the last straw for Teck Meng. He shouted at the other driver. He lost his temper and sped down the road, leaning on his horn.

① (A) - (B) - (C)      ② (B) - (A) - (C) ③ (B) - (C) - (A)      ④ (C) - (A) - (B)   ⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)

4. 다음 글에 드러난 주인공의 심경으로 가장 알맞은 것은?

Teck Meng knew that he was going to be late for his meeting. He was driving his car in heavy traffic through busy Orchard Road. As he drove toward a traffic light, he was hoping that the lights would remain green to allow him through. But then, just as he was about to pass, the lights turned yellow and red in quick succession. He had to brake hard to avoid being caught by the red light cameras. "Great!" he muttered under his breath. He began to sweat, waiting for the light to change. Soon, he was off again. Suddenly, another car cut into his lane without warning, slowing him down. That was the last straw for Teck Meng. He shouted at the other driver. He lost his temper and sped down the road, leaning on his horn.

① calm and tranquil       ② nervous and angry    ③ lonely and helpless

④ hopeful and promising   ⑤ pleasant and joyful

정답:  4. 2. 3. 2.

04. 필자의 심경으로 알맞은 것은 ?

I was travelling with my mother and two small children from Brussels, through London, and back to Australia. Rough seas had delayed the channel crossing, so we reached Charing Cross after midnight. There were no taxis, and the Charing Cross Hotel took one look at my untidy state and suddenly had no rooms. As I was wondering what to do, a railway attendant drew me aside and told me we could sleep on a train that was due to leave the next morning  -  he would slip us in there. We got quietly on board, and this wonderful man brought us tea to warm us up. In the morning he woke us with another cup of tea. My "babies" are in their thirties now, but I have never forgotten that man who broke the rules to rescue some exhausted travellers.

① relaxed and tense       ② ashamed and jealous      ③ worried and relaxed

④ frustrated and grateful  ⑤ excited and disappointed

04| 정답 | ④

| 소재 | 승무원의 도움으로 기차 안에서 하룻밤을 보낸 사연

| 해석 |나는 내 어머니와 어린 두 아이들과 함께 여행하면서 Brussels에서 런던을 거쳐 호주로 돌아가고 있었다. 거친 바다 때문에 해협을 건너는 일이 지연되었고, 그래서 자정이 넘어서야 Charing Cross에 도착했다. 택시가 한 대도 없었고, Charing Cross 호텔(직원)은 너저분한 내 상태를 한 번 보고서는 갑자기 방이 없다고 했다. 어떻게 해야 할지를 고심하고 있는 동안, 철도 승무원 한분이 나를 가까이 부르더니 다음날 아침에 출발 예정인 기차에서 잠을 잘 수 있다고, 즉 그가 거기에 우리를 슬며시 넣어줄 것이라고 내게 말했다. 우리는 조용히 기차에 탑승했고, 이 멋진 사람은 우리 몸을 녹여줄 차를 가져다주었다. 아침에 그는 또 차 한 잔으로 우리를 깨웠다. 내‘아이들’이 지금은 30대이지만, 규칙을 어기면서 기진맥진한 몇몇 여행객을 구해 주었던 그 사람을 나는 결코 잊은 적이 없다.

| Solution Guide |

자정이 넘어 런던의 Charing Cross에 도착한 필자 일행은 택시도 없고 호텔 방도 없는 상황에 처해 있다가, 철도 승무원의 도움으로 기차 안에서 하룻밤을 보내게 되었다는 내용이므로, 필자가 느꼈을 심경 변화로는 ④‘좌절감을 느끼는 → 감사하는’이 가장 적

절하다.

① 편안한 → 긴장한 ② 부끄러운 → 질투하는③ 걱정하는 → 후회하는 ⑤ 신이 난 → 실망한

| Structure in Focus |

□ As I was wondering what to do, a railway attendant drew me aside and told me [we could sleep on a train {that was due to leave the next morning} — he would slip us in there].

[ ]로 표시된 부분은 told의 직접목적어 역할을 한다.  {  }로 표시된 부분은 관계절로 a train을 수식한다.

□ My “babies” are in their thirties now, but I have never forgotten that man [who broke the rules {to rescue some exhausted travellers}].[ ]로 표시된 부분은 관계절로 the man을 수식하고,  {  }로 표시된 부분은 목적의 뜻을 나타내는 to부정사구이다. Words & Phrases oeoeoe

❍ delay 지연시키다             ❍ untidy 너저분한, 단정치 못한            ❍ due 예정인

❍ exhausted 기진맥진한         ❍ channel 해협                           ❍ attendant 승무원

❍ slip 슬며시 놓다[넣다]         ❍ midnight 자정                          ❍ draw aside ~을 가까이 부르다

❍ rescue 구하다

Which of the underlined parts is grammatically incorrect?  3

I was travelling with my mother and two small children from Brussels, through London, and back to Australia. Rough seas① had delayed the channel crossing, so we reached Charing Cross after midnight. There were no taxis, and the Charing Cross Hotel took one look at my untidy state and suddenly had no rooms. As I was wondering ②what to do, a railway attendant drew me aside and told me we could sleep on a train that was due to ③leaving the next morning  -  he would slip us in there. We got quietly on board, and this wonderful man brought us tea  ④to warm us up. In the morning he woke us with another cup of tea. My "babies" are in their thirties now, but I have never forgotten that man who broke the rules⑤ to rescue some exhausted travellers.

06 문맥 속 어휘 추론

Gateway : 빈칸 (A). (B), (C) 단어에서 옳바른 단어를 고르시오

Over the course of the past forty years, no country on earth has cut its alcohol consumption more than France.  While consumption of beer and spirits  has stayed basically steady in France, the per capita consumption of alcohol from wine① fell from 20 liters in 1962 to about 8 in 2001. One reason for the dwindling wine consumption is  the ②acceleration of the French meal. In 1978, the average French meal lasted 82 minutes. ③Plenty of time for half a bottle, if not a whole bottle. Today, the average French meal  has been slashed down to 38 minutes. Wine is a ④victim of the disappearance of the leisurely meal. It is not the target of the change, but the decline in wine consumption is  a ⑤cause /by-product of the emergence of the faster, more modern, on-the-go lifestyle.

| 정답 | ⑤

| 해석 |

지난 40년 동안, 지구 상에 프랑스보다 알코올 소비량을 더 많이 줄인 나라는 없었다. 프랑스에서 맥주와 독한 술의 소비가 기본적으로 꾸준하기는 했지만, 1인당 포도주에 의한 알코올 소비는 1962년 20리터에서 2001년 약 8리터로 떨어졌다. 줄어드는 포도주 소비에 대한 한 가지 이유는 프랑스인의 식사 속도가 빨라진 것이다. 1978년에, 프랑스인의 평균 식사 시간은 82분간 지속되었다. 한 병까지는 아니지만, 반 병 정도를 마시기에는 충분한 시간 이었다. 오늘날, 프랑스인의 평균 식사 시간은 38분으로 대폭 줄어들었다. 포도주는 여유 있는 식사가 사라진 것의 희생양이다. 그것이 변화의 목표는 아니지만, 포도주 소비의 감소는 더 빠르고더 현대적이고, 끊임없이 일하는 생활 방식의 출현의 원인(→ 부산물)이다.

Where does the given sentence best fit?

One reason for the dwindling wine consumption is  the acceleration of the French meal.

Over the course of the past forty years, no country on earth has cut its alcohol consumption more than France.  ① While consumption of beer and spirits  has stayed basically steady in France, the per capita consumption of alcohol from wine fell from 20 liters in 1962 to about 8 in 2001. ② In 1978, the average French meal lasted 82 minutes. ③Plenty of time for half a bottle, if not a whole bottle. ④Today, the average French meal  has been slashed down to 38 minutes. ⑤Wine is a victim of the disappearance of the leisurely meal. It is not the target of the change, but the decline in wine consumption is  a result  by-product of the emergence of the faster, more modern, on-the-go lifestyle.

2. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하는 것은?

Over the course of the past forty years, no country on earth has cut its alcohol consumption more than France.  While consumption of beer and spirits  has stayed basically steady in France, the per capita consumption of alcohol from wine fell from 20 liters in 1962 to about 8 in 2001. One reason for the dwindling wine consumption is  the acceleration of the French meal. In 1978, the average French meal lasted 82 minutes. Plenty of time for half a bottle, if not a whole bottle. Today, the average French meal  has been slashed down to 38 minutes. Wine is a victim of the disappearance of the leisurely meal. It is not the target of the change, but the decline in wine consumption is  a result  by-product of the emergence of the faster, more modern, on-the-go lifestyle.

① 지난 40년간 프랑스는 전 세계에서 가장 술값이 저렴한 나라였다.

② 최근 맥주와 와인의 프랑스인 1인당 음주량은 40년 전보다 12리터 감소했다.

③ 1978년에 프랑스인들의 평균 식사 시간은 1시간 20여분 정도였다.

④ 오늘날 프랑스인들의 식사 시간은 30년 전보다 38분 정도가 짧아졌다.

⑤ 전반적인 술 소비의 감소가 와인 소비의 급격한 감소라는 결과를 가져왔다.

3. Which of the underlined parts is grammatically incorrect?

Over the course of the past forty years, no country on earth has cut ① its alcohol consumption more than France.  While consumption of beer and spirits  has stayed basically steady in France, the per capita consumption of alcohol from wine fell from 20 liters in 1962 to about 8 in 2001. One reason for the dwindling wine consumption② is  the acceleration of the French meal. In 1978, the average French meal lasted 82 minutes. Plenty of time for half a bottle, if not a whole bottle. Today, the average French meal ③ has been slashed down to 38 minutes. Wine is a victim of the disappearance of the ④leisurely meal. It is not the target of the change, but the decline in wine consumption ⑤are   a result  by-product of the emergence of the faster, more modern, on-the-go lifestyle.

정답: 2. 3. 5.

01 빈칸 (A). (B), (C) 단어에서 옳바른 단어를 고르시오

Changing your life involves readjusting your values and priorities. Be aware that your desire to change may (A)create / resolve conflict with other family members. They may not have any desire to change. And if you change, you may throw off the established balance of your family life. Any changes you make will have a direct impact on other people. Are you prepared for this to happen? Can you handle any resistance you might experience? Even (B)negative / positive changes you make could be met with resistance because what you're doing creates discomfort in others. And this includes your closest friends. "You're not the same person you used to be" could be a common (C)complaint / compliment. Others may like what you do, but feel angry at the fact that you're able to do it and they are not.

① create –positive –complaint   ② create- negative- compliment    ③ create- positive- compliment

④ resolve- negative—complaint  ⑤ resolve- positive –compliment

01| 정답 | ①

| 소재 | 변화가 야기하는 갈등

| 해석 |

삶을 변화시키는 것은 여러분의 가치관과 우선순위를 재조정하는 것을 필요로 한다. 변하고자 하는 바람이 다른 가족원들과의 갈등을 일으킬 수 있음을 유념하라. 그들에게는 변하고자 하는 어떤 바람도 없을 수 있다. 그리고‘여러분’이 변한다면 가정생활의 확립된 균형 을 내던져 버릴 수도 있다. 여러분이 만드는 어떤 변화도 다른 사람들에게 직접적인 영향을 줄 것이다. 이런 일이 일어나는 것에 대비되어 있는가? 여러분이 겪게 될 수 있는 그 어떤 저항도 다룰 수 있는가? 여러분이 하고 있는 일이 다른 사람들에게 불편을 끼칠 수 있기 때문에 여러분이 만드는 긍정적인 변화조차도 저항을 겪을 수 있다. 그리고 이것은 가장 친한 친구들도 포함한다. “너는 예전과 똑같은 사람이 아니야.”라는 말은 흔하게 듣는 불평일 수 있다. 다른사람들이 여러분이 하는 것을 좋아할 수도 있지만, 여러분은 그것을할 수 있고 그들은 그럴 수 없다는 사실에 화가 날 수도 있다.

| Solution Guide |

(A) 여러분이 변하고자 할 때 다른 가족원들은 변하고자 하는 바람이전혀없을수도있기때문에갈등을일으킬수있으므로‘일으키다, 야기하다’라는 의미의 create가 적절하다. resolve는‘해결하다’라는 의미이다.

(B) 여러분이 하고 있는 일이 다른 사람들에게 불편을 끼친다면 긍정적인 변화조차도 저항을 겪을 수 있기 때문에‘긍정적인’이라는 의미의 positive가 적절하다. negative는‘부정적인’이라는 의미이다.

(C) 친한 친구조차도 여러분의 변화에 대해 부정적일 수 있으므로‘불평’이라는 의미의 complaint가 적절하다. compliment는‘칭찬’이라는 의미이다.

| Structure in Focus |

□ [Even positive changes {you make}] could be met with resistance because [what you’re doing] creates discomfort in others.

첫 번째 [ ]는 주절의 주어이고  {  }로 표시된 관계절은 positive changes를 수식하고 있고, 두 번째 [ ]는 because가 이끄는 부사절의 주어이다.

□ Others may like [what you do], but feel angry at [the fact {that you’re able to do it and they are not}].첫 번째 [ ]는 like의 목적어이고 두 번째 [ ]는 at의 목적어이

다.  {  }로 표시된 부분은 the fact와 동격 관계이고 are not 뒤에는 able to do it이 생략되었다.

Words & Phrases

❍  involve 필요로 하다, 포함하다 ❍  throw off ~을 내던져 버리다 ❍  handle 다루다, 처리하다

❍  priority 우선순위 ❍  established 확립된, 정착된 ❍  resistance 저항 ❍  aware 의식한, 아는

❍  impact 영향; 영향을 주다 ❍  common 흔한, 일반적인

1. What is the main idea of the passage ?

Changing your life involves readjusting your values and priorities. Be aware that your desire to change may create  conflict with other family members. They may not have any desire to change. And if you change, you may throw off the established balance of your family life. Any changes you make will have a direct impact on other people. Are you prepared for this to happen? Can you handle any resistance you might experience? Even  positive changes you make could be met with resistance because what you're doing creates discomfort in others. And this includes your closest friends. "You're not the same person you used to be" could be a common complaint. Others may like what you do, but feel angry at the fact that you're able to do it and they are not.

① When you meet others’ resistance, it is the best way to get out of there.

② To change, you need both complements and complaints of your friends.

③ The fact you succeeded in business can make your friends uncomfortable.

④ The changes in your life may lead to a lot of frictions with people around you.

⑤ If you want to change your life positively, don’t make any conflict wity family members.

2.  [서술형 6] 다음 글을 읽고 조건에 맞게 빈칸을 채워 글의 주제 문장을 완성하시오.

<조  건>   단어 encounter와를 from변형 없이 포함하    5~8 단어 이내로 쓸 것

답: When you try to change your life, you __________________________________________________.

3. Choose the correct word for (A), (B), (C) respectively.

Changing your life involves readjusting your values and priorities. Be aware that your desire to change may create conflict with other family members. They may not have any desire to change. And if you change, you may throw off the (A) [established / renewed] balance of your family life. Any changes you make will have a direct impact on other people. Are you prepared for this to happen? Can you handle any problems you might experience? Even positive changes you make could be met with resistance because what you're doing creates (B) [cooperation / discomfort] in others. And this includes your closest friends. "You're not the same person you used to be" could be a common comment. Others may like what you do, but feel (C) [zealous / jealous] at the fact that you're able to do it and they are not.

① established	-- discomfort	-- jealous   ② established	-- discomfort	-- zealous

③ established	-- cooperation	-- zealous   ④ renewed	-- cooperation	-- zealous

⑤ renewed	-- cooperation	-- jealous

4. Which of the fellowing  is awkward or unrelated in the context?

Changing your life involves readjusting your values and priorities. Be aware that your desire to change may create conflict with other family members. They may not have any desire to change. ①And if you change, you may throw off the established balance of your family life. ②Finding fulfillment through making changes in your life has to be voluntary, and you need to know why you want it. ③Any changes you make will have a direct impact on other people. ④Are you prepared for this to happen and can you handle any resistance you might experience? ⑤Even positive changes you make could be met with resistance because what you're doing creates discomfort in others. And this includes your closest friends.

정답: 4.  may encounter resistance from others. 1. 2

02. 빈칸 (A). (B), (C) 단어에서 옳바른 단어를 고르시오

Gradually the developed world is becoming more concerned with the agriculture and food system, the environment, and personal health. In the United States and Europe, the number of small-scale farmers and farmers' markets has been (A) decreasing / increasing. Their success comes as a result of people supporting a local food system and wanting to buy food that has not traveled too far from field to plate. Community projects are (B) strengthening / weakening  ties between food consumers and food producers. In fact the International Slow Food Movement, established in 1986 in Italy, now has tens of thousands of members who want to help preserve (C) modern / traditional ways of farming and promote native seed varieties. These shifting interests in food and food production help smaller farmers hold on to their land and their way of life.

① increasing- weakening-  modern

② increasing –strengthening- traditional

③ increasing –weakening-  traditional

④ decreasing –strengthening-modern

⑤ decreasing –weakening –modern

| 정답 | ②

| 소재 |농업과 식품 체계에 대한 관심의 변화

| 해석 |

선진국은 점차 농업과 식품 체계, 환경, 개인 건강에 관심이 더 많아지고 있다. 미국과 유럽에서 영세 농민과 농산물 직거래 장터의 수가 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 그들의 성공은 사람들이 지역 식품체계를 옹호하여 들판에서부터 (식탁의) 접시에 이르기까지 (유통)경로가 너무 길지 않은 식품을 구매하고 싶어 하는 것으로부터 비롯된다. 지역 사회 사업은 식품 소비자와 식품 생산자 사이의 유대를 강화하고 있다. 사실 1986년 이탈리아에서 설립된 국제 슬로푸드 운동은 이제 전통적 방식의 농업을 지키고 토종 종자의 품종을장려하는 데 도움을 주고 싶어 하는 수만 명의 회원을 거느리고 있다. 식품과 식품 생산에서 이처럼 바뀌는 관심사는 영세 농민이 자신들의 땅과 생활 방식을 고수하는 데 도움이 된다.

| Solution Guide |

(A) 바로 뒤에 이어지는 문장이 영세 농민과 농산물 직거래 장터가성공하고 있는 원인을 보여 주고 있다. 이를 근거로 영세 농민과 농산물 직거래 장터의 수가 증가하는 것으로 추론할 수 있기 때문에 increasing이 적절하다. decreasing은‘감소하는’이라는 뜻이다.

(B) 바로 뒤에 이어지는 문장이 성공한 국제 슬로푸드 운동을 예로보여 주고 있다. 이를 근거로 지역 사회 사업이 식품 소비자와 식품생산자 사이에 유대를 강화하고 있는 것으로 추론할 수 있기 때문에 strengthening이 적절하다. weakening은‘약화시키는’이라

는 뜻이다.

(C) 글의 앞부분에서 사람들이 지역 식품 체계를 옹호한다고 밝히고 있다. 이를 근거로 그들이 전통적 방식의 농업을 지키는 데 도움이 되고 싶어 한다는 것을 추론할 수 있기 때문에 traditional이 적절하다. modern은‘현대적인’이라는 뜻이다.

1. Which of the fellowing  fits the best in blanks(A) and (B) to summarize the passage?

Gradually the developed world is becoming more concerned with the agriculture and food system, the environment, and personal health. In the United States and Europe, the number of small-scale farmers and farmers' markets has been  increasing. Their success comes as a result of people supporting a local food system and wanting to buy food that has not traveled too far from field to plate. Community projects are strengthening   ties between food consumers and food producers. In fact the International Slow Food Movement, established in 1986 in Italy, now has tens of thousands of members who want to help preserve  traditional ways of farming and promote native seed varieties. These shifting interests in food and food production help smaller farmers hold on to their land and their way of life.

.

Small-scale farmers and their markets      (A)      due to the interests of consumers who    (B)    the producers’ traditional farming methods and buy fresh food products from them.

① gain popularity   .........  go for     ② gain popularity   .........  disapprove of

③ need protection  .........  agree on    ④ need protection  .........  single out

⑤ suffer damage   .........  stick to

2. Which of the fellowing  is awkward or unrelated in the context?

Gradually the developed world is becoming more concerned with the agriculture and food system, the environment, and personal health. In the United States and Europe, the number of small-scale farmers and farmers' markets has been  increasing. ①Their success comes as a result of people supporting a local food system and wanting to buy food that has not traveled too far from field to plate. ②Locally produced food is generally more expensive than intensively farmed food  . ③Community projects are strengthening   ties between food consumers and food producers. ④ In fact the International Slow Food Movement, established in 1986 in Italy, now has tens of thousands of members who want to help preserve  traditional ways of farming and promote native seed varieties. ⑤ These shifting interests in food and food production help smaller farmers hold on to their land and their way of life.

3. Which of the fellowing  is awkward or unrelated in the context?

Gradually the developed world is becoming more ①concerned with the agriculture and food system, the environment, and personal health. In the United States and Europe, the number of small-scale farmers and farmers' markets ②have been increasing. Their success comes as a result of people supporting a local food system and ③wanting to buy food that has not traveled too far from field to plate. Community projects are ④strengthening ties between food consumers and food producers. In fact the International Slow Food Movement, established in 1986 in Italy, now has tens of thousands of members who want to help ⑤preserve traditional ways of farming and promote native seed varieties. These shifting interests in food and food production help smaller farmers hold on to their land and their way of life.

정답: 1. 2. 2.

03. 밑줄 친 단어가 문맥상 어색한 것을 고르시오

Some have argued that the experience of music is degraded by the ① visual element of music video. Related to this criticism is the idea that the interpretative liberty of the listener is ②restricted, in that the meaning of the song has been predefined through the use of visuals. The main problem with these approaches is that the visual elements of music video are ③ privileged over the aural. Prior to technological developments and advances, music was visual in the sense that the live performance was the ④ secondary experiential form for popular music. Even with the invention of records, tapes, personal stereos and compact discs, music has always retained ⑤links with visual imagery through fashion, art and photography (album cover art) and, of course, the spectacle of the live performance.

03

| 정답 | ④

| 소재 | 음악의 시각적 요소와의 연관성

| 해석 |

어떤 사람들은 음악의 경험이 뮤직 비디오의 시각적 요소에 의해질적으로 저하된다고 주장해 왔다. 이러한 비판과 관련된 생각은 노래의 의미가 시각물의 사용으로 미리 정해진다는 점에서 청취자의 해석상의 자유가 제한된다는 것이다. 이러한 접근법의 주된 문제점은 뮤직 비디오의 시각적 요소가 청각적 요소보다 우선시 된다는 것이다. 기술의 개발과 발전이 있기 이전에도 라이브 공연이 대중음악의 부수적인(→ 주된) 경험 형태였다는 점에서 음악은 시각적인 것이었다. 레코드, (녹음) 테이프, 개인 스테레오, 그리고CD가 발명되었어도 음악은 패션, 미술과 사진(앨범 표지 미술), 그리고 물론 라이브 공연의 볼거리를 통해서 항상 시각적 이미지와의 관련성을 유지해 왔다.

| Solution Guide |

이 글은 음악이 다양한 방법으로 항상 시각적인 요소와의 연관성을 유지했다는 주장을 담고 있으며 기술의 개발과 발전 이전부터 음악은 라이브 공연으로 주로 경험되어 왔다는 내용이 되어야 하므로, ④ secondary(부수적인)를main(주된)으로 고쳐야 한다.

| Structure in Focus |

□ Related to this criticism is the idea [that the interpretative liberty of the listener is restricted, {in that the meaning of the song has been predefined through the

use of visuals}].

[ ]로 표시된 부분은 the idea와 동격 관계의 절이다. { }로 표시된 부분은‘~라는 점에서’라는 의미를 나타낸다. Related to this criticism이 문장의 맨 앞에 나옴에 따라 주어인 the idea ~ the use of visuals와 술어 동사 is의 어순이 도치되었다.

Words & Phrases

❍  degrade (질적으로) 저하시키다 ❍  liberty 자유 ❍  privileged 특권이 있는 ❍  performance 공연, 연주회 ❍  retain 유지하다 ❍  spectacle 구경거리 ❍  criticism 비판 ❍  predefine 미리 정하다 ❍  advance 발전

❍  experiential 경험에 바탕을 둔, 경험적인 ❍  link 관련성 ❍  interpretative 해석상의

❍  approach 태도, 접근법 ❍  live 라이브의, 생방송의 ❍  imagery 이미지, 형상

다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말을 조건을 참조하여 쓰시오

Some have argued that the experience of music is degraded by the  visual element of music video. Related to this criticism is the idea that the interpretative liberty of the listener is ②restricted, in that____________________________________. The main problem with these approaches is that the visual elements of music video are  privileged over the aural. Prior to technological developments and advances, music was visual in the sense that the live performance was the main  experiential form for popular music. Even with the invention of records, tapes, personal stereos and compact discs, music has always retained links with visual imagery through fashion, art and photography (album cover art) and, of course, the spectacle of the live performance.

<조건>

1. use/predefine/mean/song/visual/through을 모두 사용하되 필요시 형태를 바꾸시오.

2. 13단어 이내의 한 문장으로 쓰시오.

3. 보충 어구는 본문의 단어를 활용하시오.

정답: _____________________________________________

2. Which is the main topic of the passage ?

Some have argued that the experience of music is degraded by the  visual element of music video. Related to this criticism is the idea that the interpretative liberty of the listener is ②restricted, in that the meaning of the song has been predefined through the use of visuals. The main problem with these approaches is that the visual elements of music video are  privileged over the aural. Prior to technological developments and advances, music was visual in the sense that the live performance was the main  experiential form for popular music. Even with the invention of records, tapes, personal stereos and compact discs, music has always retained links with visual imagery through fashion, art and photography (album cover art) and, of course, the spectacle of the live performance.

① Importance of Musical Instruments

② Effects of Live Performance on Music Video

③ The Experience of Music is Essential in Life

④ Technological Advances of Visual Elements in Music

⑤ The Close Connection Between Visual Elements and Music

3. Which is the best title of the passage?

Some have argued that the experience of music is degraded by the  visual element of music video. Related to this criticism is the idea that the interpretative liberty of the listener is ②restricted, in that the meaning of the song has been predefined through the use of visuals. The main problem with these approaches is that the visual elements of music video are  privileged over the aural. Prior to technological developments and advances, music was visual in the sense that the live performance was the main  experiential form for popular music. Even with the invention of records, tapes, personal stereos and compact discs, music has always retained links with visual imagery through fashion, art and photography (album cover art) and, of course, the spectacle of the live performance.

① The Advancement of Technology in Music  ② Music Video: The New Face of Music

③ Why is Liberty Important in Music?        ④ Visuals: The Nature of Music

⑤ How Music Affects Art

정답: the meaning of the song has been predefined through the use of visuals. 5. 4.

04. 밑줄 친 단어가 문맥상 어색한 것을 고르시오

The difficulties children naturally experience in handling their emotions are compounded by inappropriate adult responses. Imagine what might happen to Pedro when he ① declares his pride in having won an honorable mention in the writing contest. If his teacher responds with a comment such as, "Awesome!" or "You're really excited," Pedro's pride is ② acknowledged, and he receives the message that feeling proud is okay. In contrast, if the teacher says, "You shouldn't be so boastful. No bragging!" Pedro learns that feelings of pride and accomplishment are ③ suitable. Being told that his feelings are bad may cause the child to evaluate himself ④negatively for having experienced them. Because children naturally experience a wide range of emotions, if this trend ⑤ continues, Pedro may come to view a natural part of himself as unacceptable.

| 정답 | ③

| 소재 | 아이의 감정 표현과 어른의 반응

| 해석 |

아이들이 자신의 감정을 처리하면서 자연스럽게 겪는 어려움은 어 른의 부적절한 반응에 의해 더 심각해진다. Pedro가 작문 대회에서 선외 가작에 든 것에 대해 자랑스러움을 밝힐 때 그에게 어떤 일이 생길지를 상상해 보라. 만일 그의 선생님이“멋지구나!”또는“너는 정말 신나겠구나.”와 같은 말로 반응을 보이면, Pedro의 자랑스러움은 인정받게 되고, 그는 자랑스러움을 느끼는 것이 괜찮다는 메시지를 받는다. 반대로, 선생님이“너는 그렇게 자랑해서는안 돼. 잘난 척하지 마!”라고 말하면, Pedro는 자부심과 성취감이적절하다는(→ 부적절하다는) 것을 배운다. 그의 기분이 나쁘다는말을 듣는 것은 그 아이가 그것을 경험하였기에 스스로를 부정적으로 평가하게 한다. 아이들은 매우 폭넓은 감정을 자연스럽게 경험하므로 이 경향이 계속된다면, Pedro는 자신의 자연스런 부분을받아들이기 어려운 것으로 간주하게 될 것이다.

| Solution Guide |

아이가 자부심을 표현한 것에 대해 선생님이‘자랑하지 말라’는 취지의 반응을 보이면 아이는 자신의 감정 표현에 문제가 있다는 것을 느끼게 되므로, ③의 suitable은 unsuitable이나

inappropriate 정도로 바꿔야 한다.

| Structure in Focus |

□ [Being told that his feelings are bad] may cause the child to evaluate himself negatively for having experienced them.

[ ]로 표시된 동명사구가 문장의 주어이다. 「having＋과거분사」의 완료형 동명사를 쓴 것은 동명사가 나타내는 동작이 본동사가 나타내는 동작보다 시간적으로 더 앞서 일어났다는 것을 나타내기 위함이다.

Which of the following is suitable for the blank?

The difficulties children naturally experience in handling their emotions are compounded by inappropriate adult responses. Imagine what might happen to Pedro when he  declares his pride in having won an honorable mention in the writing contest. If his teacher responds with a comment such as, "Awesome!" or "You're really excited," Pedro's pride is  acknowledged, and he receives the message that feeling proud is okay. In contrast, if the teacher says, "You shouldn't be so boastful. No bragging!" Pedro learns that feelings of pride and accomplishment are  unsuitable. Being told that his feelings are bad may cause the child to ___________________ for having experienced them. Because children naturally experience a wide range of emotions, if this trend  continues, Pedro may come to view a natural part of himself as unacceptable.

① regain control             ② exaggerate himself            ③ participate in activities

④ evaluate himself negatively  ⑤ find fault with excellent people

2. Which is the main topic of the passage ?

The difficulties children naturally experience in handling their emotions are compounded by inappropriate adult responses. Imagine what might happen to Pedro when he  declares his pride in having won an honorable mention in the writing contest. If his teacher responds with a comment such as, "Awesome!" or "You're really excited," Pedro's pride is  acknowledged, and he receives the message that feeling proud is okay. In contrast, if the teacher says, "You shouldn't be so boastful. No bragging!" Pedro learns that feelings of pride and accomplishment are  unsuitable. Being told that his feelings are bad may cause the child to evaluate himself negatively for having experienced them. Because children naturally experience a wide range of emotions, if this trend  continues, Pedro may come to view a natural part of himself as unacceptable.

① effects of adults’ responses on children’s handling feelings

② a wide range of emotions children experience

③ ways to evaluate children’s accomplishment

④ importance of experiencing various feelings

⑤ necessity of children’s modest attitudes

3. [서술형] 다음 글을 읽고 아래와 같이 한 문장으로 요약할 때, 빈칸 (A)와 (B)를 적절한 단어로 채우시오. (단, 지문에서 찾아 쓰되 필요시 변형할 것

The difficulties children naturally experience in handling their emotions are compounded by inappropriate adult responses. Imagine what might happen to Pedro when he  declares his pride in having won an honorable mention in the writing contest. If his teacher responds with a comment such as, "Awesome!" or "You're really excited," Pedro's pride is  acknowledged, and he receives the message that feeling proud is okay. In contrast, if the teacher says, "You shouldn't be so boastful. No bragging!" Pedro learns that feelings of pride and accomplishment are  unsuitable. Being told that his feelings are bad may cause the child to evaluate himself negatively for having experienced them. Because children naturally experience a wide range of emotions, if this trend  continues, Pedro may come to view a natural part of himself as unacceptable.

When children's _____(A)_____ are acknowledged as appropriate by adults, they may learn that their various feelings are natural and view themselves as _____(B)_____

정답: 4. 1.  (A) emotions  (B) acceptable

07 문맥 속 문법성 판단

G. 어법상 틀린 것을 고르시오.

An independent artist is probably the one ① who lives closest to an unbounded creative situation. Many artists have considerable freedom from external requirements about what to do, how to do it, when to do it, and why. At the same time, however, we know that artists usually limit themselves quite ② forcefully by choice of material and form of expression. To make the choice to express a feeling by carving a specific form from a rock, without the use of high technology or colors, ③ restricting the artist significantly. Such choices are not made to limit creativity,

but rather to cultivate ④ it. When everything is possible, creativity has no tension. Creativity is strange in that it finds its way in any kind of situation, no matter how restricted, just as the same amount of water flows faster and stronger through a narrow strait ⑤ than across the

open sea. * strait 해협

Gateway

| 정답 | ③

| 해석 | 독립적인 예술가는 아마도 무한한 창조적인 상황에 가장 근접해서 살아가는 사람일 것이다. 많은 예술가들에게는 무엇을 할 것인지, 그것을 어떻게 할 것인지, 언제 그것을 할 것인지, 그리고 왜 하는지에 관한 외적 요건으로부터 상당한 자유가 있다. 하지만 그럼에도 불구하고 예술가들이 일반적으로 표현의 재료와 형식의 선택에 의해 매우 강력하게 자신을 제약한다는 것을 우리는 알고있다. 첨단 기술이나 색채를 사용하지 않고 바위로 특정한 형상을 조각함으로써 감정을 표현하는 선택을 하는 것은 예술가를 상당히 제한한다. 그러한 선택은 창의성을 제한하기 위해서가 아니라 오히려 창의성을 기르기 위해서 이루어진다. 모든 것이 가능할 때 창의성에는 어떤 긴장도 없다. 똑같은 양의 물이 탁 트인 바다를 가로지를 때보다 좁은 해협을 통과할 때 더 빠르고 더 세차게 흐르는 것과 꼭 마찬가지로 창의성은 그 어떤 형태의 상황에서도 아무리 제한된다고 해도 자기의 길을 찾아간다는 점에서 묘하다.

1. Where does the given sentence best fit?  4

Such choices are not made to limit creativity,  but rather to cultivate  it.

An independent artist is probably the one  who lives closest to an unbounded creative situation. ①Many artists have considerable freedom from external requirements about what to do, how to do it, when to do it, and why. ②At the same time, however, we know that artists usually limit themselves quite  forcefully by choice of material and form of expression. ③To make the choice to express a feeling by carving a specific form from a rock, without the use of high technology or colors, restricts the artist significantly. ④When everything is possible, creativity has no tension. ⑤Creativity is strange in that it finds its way in any kind of situation, no matter how restricted, just as the same amount of water flows faster and stronger through a narrow strait  than across the open sea.

2.  Which of the underlined is NOT suitable in the context?   5

An independent artist is probably the one  who lives closest to an ①unbounded creative situation. Many artists have considerable freedom from② external requirements about what to do, how to do it, when to do it, and why. At the same time, however, we know that artists usually③ limit themselves quite  forcefully by choice of material and form of expression. To make the choice to express a feeling by carving a specific form from a rock, without the use of high technology or colors,  restricts the artist significantly. Such choices are not made to limit creativity,  but rather to cultivate  it. When everything is possible, creativity has no④ tension. Creativity is strange in that it finds its way in any kind of situation, no matter how restricted, just as the same amount of water flows faster and stronger through a⑤ wide  strait  than across the open sea.

Exercises

01.  (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Each individual is born with potential for greatness, and the one thing that separates the rich and the poor (A)are / is their attitude towards life circumstances. Your attitude is a sure prediction of your future unless you change. Your attitude determines almost everything you do; it creates the future you see and gives you power to face challenges. The good thing is (B)that / what no one but you in the world has control over your attitude. People can influence you, but what happens outside will never be equal to what happens inside. Two people cannot perform well in an examination but only the one who chooses to quit becomes a failure. The difference is all in their attitude towards the situation; one is hopeless but (C)another / the other believes there will be a better outcome next time.

① are- that –another

② are- what- the other

③ is –that –another

④ is –what- another

⑤ is – that- the other

| 정답 | ⑤

| 소재 | 삶의 환경에 대한 태도의 중요성

| 해석 |각 개인은 위대해질 수 있는 잠재력을 가지고 태어나고 부유한 자와 곤궁한 자를 가르는 한 가지는 삶의 환경에 대한 그들의 태도이다. 여러분이 변하지 않는다면 여러분의 태도는 여러분의 미래를 확실하게 예측해 준다. 여러분의 태도는 여러분이 하는 거의 모든것을 결정짓는데, 그것이 여러분이 바라보는 미래를 만들어 내고, 여러분에게 도전에 맞설 힘을 준다. 다행인 것은 세상에서 여러분을 제외하고는 그 누구도 여러분의 태도를 제어하지 못한다는 것이다. 사람들이 여러분에게 영향을 줄 수는 있지만, 외부에서 일어나는 것이 내면에서 일어나는 것과 결코 대등하지는 않을 것이다. 두사람이 시험을 잘 볼 수는 없다고 해도 그만두기로 선택한 사람만 낙제자가 된다. 차이점은 모두 상황에 대한 그들의 태도에 있는데,

한 사람은 절망하고 있지만 나머지 한 사람은 다음번에는 더 나은 결과가 있을 것이라고 믿고 있다.

| Solution Guide |

(A) 주어가 the one thing that separates the rich and the poor이고 주어의 핵이 thing이므로 동사는 is가 적절하다.

(B) 보어인 명사절을 이끌어야 하고 뒤에 이어지는 문장이 주어,동사, 목적어의 주요 요소를 모두 갖추고 있으므로 접속사 that을 써야 한다.

(C) 시험을 본 두 사람 중에서 절망하고 있는 사람이 아닌 나머지한 사람을 가리켜야 하므로 the other가 적절하다.

| Structure in Focus |

□ ~ it creates [the future {you see}] and gives you power [to face challenges].

첫 번째 [ ]로 표시된 부분은 creates의 목적어이고 그 안의{  }로 표시된 부분은 관계절로 the future를 수식하고 있다. 두번째 [ ]로 표시된 부분은 power를 수식한다. creates와 gives

가 and로 이어져 주어 it의 동사로 쓰였다.

□ The good thing is [that {no one but you in the world} has control over your attitude].

[ ]로 표시된 명사절은 보어이다.  {  }로 표시된 부분은 명사절의 주어이고 has가 동사이며 그 안의 but은‘~을 제외하고’라는 뜻의 전치사이다.

1. Which of the underlined is NOT suitable in the context?

Each individual is born with potential for greatness, and the one thing that separates the rich and the poor  is their ① attitude towards life circumstances. Your attitude is a sure ②prediction of your future unless you change. Your attitude determines almost everything you do; it creates the future you see and gives you power to face challenges. The good thing is that no one but you in the world has ③control over your attitude. People can influence you, but what happens outside will never be equal to what happens inside. Two people cannot perform well in an examination but only the one who chooses to quit becomes a  ④failure. The difference is all in their attitude towards the situation; one is ⑤hope but  the other believes there will be a better outcome next time.

2. What does the writter insist?

Each individual is born with potential for greatness, and the one thing that separates the rich and the poor  is their attitude towards life circumstances. Your attitude is a sure prediction of your future unless you change. Your attitude determines almost everything you do; it creates the future you see and gives you power to face challenges. The good thing is that no one but you in the world has control over your attitude. People can influence you, but what happens outside will never be equal to what happens inside. Two people cannot perform well in an examination but only the one who chooses to quit becomes a failure. The difference is all in their attitude towards the situation; one is hopeless but  the other believes there will be a better outcome next time.

① 삶을 바라보는 태도가 중요하다.           ② 삶을 항상 긍정적으로 바라봐야 한다.

③ 다른 사람이 삶에 많은 영향을 줄 수 있다. ④ 모두가 시험에서 좋은 결과를 얻을 수는 없다.

⑤ 삶이란 도전에 직면하여 헤쳐 나가는 과정이다

3.  Which is the main topic of the passage ?

Each individual is born with potential for greatness, and the one thing that separates the rich and the poor  is their attitude towards life circumstances. Your attitude is a sure prediction of your future unless you change. Your attitude determines almost everything you do; it creates the future you see and gives you power to face challenges. The good thing is that no one but you in the world has control over your attitude. People can influence you, but what happens outside will never be equal to what happens inside. Two people cannot perform well in an examination but only the one who chooses to quit becomes a failure. The difference is all in their attitude towards the situation; one is hopeless but  the other believes there will be a better outcome next time.

① the influence of individual’s potential     ② a necessity of standing up to change

③ common beliefs about future prediction   ④ the importance of point of view to life

⑤ how to judge the circumstances accurately

4.   Which of the following is suitable for the blank?

Each individual is born with potential for greatness, and the one thing that separates the rich and the poor  is __________________________. Your attitude is a sure prediction of your future unless you change. Your attitude determines almost everything you do; it creates the future you see and gives you power to face challenges. The good thing is that no one but you in the world has control over your attitude. People can influence you, but what happens outside will never be equal to what happens inside. Two people cannot perform well in an examination but only the one who chooses to quit becomes a failure. The difference is all in___________________________; one is hopeless but  the other believes there will be a better outcome next time.

① their attitude towards the situation    ② the relative quality of their lives

③ their control over others’ will         ④ the potential for their future

⑤ the money they have

정답: 5. 1. 4. 1.

2. 어법에 맞는 표현으로 짝지어진 것을 고르시오.

Consuming local food above all supports the local economy, and regional food products can save energy when distributed efficiently due to the reduction in energy (A) [needed / is needed] in transportation. Bulk purchasing is less likely to be needed and so energy used in storage can be reduced as well. Regional distribution structures make it, in principle, (B) [possible / possibly] to harvest fruits and vegetables that are fresh and ripe, thus increasing their taste and nutritive values

such as vitamin C. In the conventional system, fruit especially is harvested unripe and arrives in front of the restaurant guest ripened in transit. Although not scientifically proven, the sensory quality of local fruit and vegetables (C) [seems / seem] to be more appetising; local strawberries smell, feel, look and taste better! * appetising 구미를 동하게 하는

(A)        (B)        (C)

① needed … possible … seems

② needed … possibly … seems

③ needed … possible … seem

④ is needed … possibly … seems

⑤ is needed … possible … seem

02

| 정답 | ①

| 소재 |

지역 농산물을 이용해야 하는 이유

| 해석 |

지역 농산물을 소비하는 것은 무엇보다도 지역 경제를 지탱하며 지역 식료품은 효율적으로 유통될 때 수송에 필요한 에너지의 감소로 인해 에너지를 절약할 수 있다. 대량 구입이 필요할 가능성이 더 적을 것이며 저장에 사용되는 에너지 또한 감소될 수 있다. 원론적으로 지역 유통 구조는 신선하고 잘 익은 과일과 채소를 수확하는 것을 가능하게 하며, 따라서 그것들의 맛과 비타민 C와 같은 영양가를 증가시킨다. 종래의 시스템에서 과일은 특히 익지 않은 채 수확되어 수송 중에 익어 식당의 손님 앞에 도착한다. 비록 과학적으로 입증되지는 않았지만, 지역 과일과 채소는 감각적 특성이 구미를더 동하게 하는 것 같은데, 지역 딸기는 더 좋은 냄새가 나고, 더 좋은 느낌이 들며, 더 좋아 보이고, 더 맛있는 것 같다!

| Solution Guide |

(A) due to가 이끄는 어구 안에서 energy를 수식하는 분사구의 구조가 적절하므로 needed를 써야 한다.

(B)「make＋it(형식상의 목적어)＋목적격 보어＋to부정사구(내용상의 목적어)」의 구조에서 목적격 보어에 해당하므로 형용사

possible을 써야 한다.

(C) of local fruit and vegetables의 수식을 받는 the sensory quality가 주어의 핵이므로 단수 동사 seems를 써야 한다.

| Structure in Focus |

□ Bulk purchasing is less likely to be needed and so energy [used in storage] can be reduced as well.

[ ]로 표시된 부분은 energy를 수식하는 분사구이다.

□ In the conventional system, fruit especially is harvested unripe and arrives in front of the restaurant guest

ripened in transit. unripe와 ripened는 주어에 대해 보충 설명하는 말로‘~인 채, ~하여’와 같이 부수적인 상황이나 상태를 나타낸다.

Which of the following most properly summarizes the passage?

Consuming local food above all supports the local economy, and regional food products can save energy when distributed efficiently due to the reduction in energy needed  in transportation.

(A)  In the conventional system, fruit especially is harvested unripe and arrives in front of the restaurant guest ripened in transit.

(B) Bulk purchasing is less likely to be needed and so energy used in storage can be reduced as well. Regional distribution structures make it, in principle, possible  to harvest fruits and vegetables that are fresh and ripe, thus increasing their taste and nutritive values such as vitamin C.

(C) Although not scientifically proven, the sensory quality of local fruit and vegetables  seems  to be more appetising; local strawberries smell, feel, look and taste better!

① (A)-(B)-(C)	② (B)-(A)-(C)   ③ (B)-(C)-(A)	④ (C)-(A)-(B)  ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

2. Which is the main topic of the passage ?

Consuming local food above all supports the local economy, and regional food products can save energy when distributed efficiently due to the reduction in energy needed  in transportation. Bulk purchasing is less likely to be needed and so energy used in storage can be reduced as well. Regional distribution structures make it, in principle, possible  to harvest fruits and vegetables that are fresh and ripe, thus increasing their taste and nutritive values such as vitamin C. In the conventional system, fruit especially is harvested unripe and arrives in front of the restaurant guest ripened in transit. Although not scientifically proven, the sensory quality of local fruit and vegetables  seems  to be more appetising; local strawberries smell, feel, look and taste better!

① justification of local food consumption    ② origins of regional distribution structures

③ ways to save energy in local communities ④ characteristics of local food in nutritive value

⑤ relationships between sensory quality and distribution

3.   Which of the underlined is NOT suitable in the context?

Consuming local food above all supports the local economy, and regional food products can① save energy when distributed efficiently due to the② reduction in energy needed  in transportation. Bulk purchasing is less likely to be needed and so energy used in storage can be reduced as well. Regional distribution structures make it, in principle,③ possible  to harvest fruits and vegetables that are fresh and ripe, thus increasing their taste and nutritive values such as vitamin C. In the conventional system, fruit especially is harvested④ ripe and arrives in front of the restaurant guest ripened in transit. Although not scientifically proven, the sensory quality of local fruit and vegetables  seems  to be  ⑤ more appetising; local strawberries smell, feel, look and taste better!

정답: 2. 1. 4.

03. 밑줄 친 부분이 어법상 어색한 것을 고르시오

Karin Pfeiffer and her colleagues took a very different approach to ① understanding physical activity motivation. These investigators examined whether participation in youth sports ② predicts the levels of adult involvement in physical activity. Assessing females across three time periods (8th, 9th, and 12th grades), they found ③ if sport participation in the 8th and 9th grades predicted physical activity participation in the 12th grades. This suggests that ④ requiring a habit of being physically active at a young age influences motivation for being active later in life. Although future studies need to further confirm this important finding, this topic is a key area of future research ⑤ given the current obesity crisis facing many nations.

정답 | ③

| 소재 | 유소년기의 신체 활동

| 해석 |

Karin Pfeiffer와 그녀의 동료들은 신체 활동을 위한 동기부여를 이해하는 데 매우 다른 접근법을 취했다. 이 연구자들은 (어려서) 유소년 스포츠에 참여하는 것이 어른이 되어 신체 활동에 참여하는 수준을 예견하는지를 조사했다. (8학년, 9학년, 그리고 12학년의)세 번의 시기에 걸쳐 여학생들을 평가하면서, 그들은 8학년과 9학년에서의 스포츠 참여가12학년에서의 신체 활동 참여를 예측한다는 것을 알아냈다. 이것은 어린 나이에 신체적으로 활동적이 되는 습관을 요구하는 것이 훗날의 삶에서 활동적이 되는 것을 위한 동기 부여에 영향을 준다는 것을 시사한다. 앞으로 있을 연구들이 이중요한 연구 결과가 사실임을 더 확인할 필요가 있기는 있지만, 많은 국가가 직면하고 있는 현재의 비만 위기를 고려해 볼 때 이 주제가 앞으로 있을 연구의 핵심 영역이다.

| Solution Guide |

③ found의 목적어 역할을 하는 명사절을 유도하는 접속사가 필요하다. found는 그 명사절이 질문이나 의문이 아닌, 사실을 나타낼 것을 요구하므로 if를 that으로 바꾸어야 한다.

①‘~에 대한 접근법’을 표현하는 approach to ~에서 to는 전치사이므로 동명사인 understanding을 목적어로 취하고 있다. ② examined의 목적어 역할을 하는 whether절에서

participation in youth sports가 주어이고 predicts가 술어동사이다. 수(단수)와 시제(현재시제) 정보가 제대로 반영되어 있다.

④ suggests의 목적어 역할을 하는 that절에서 술어동사는 influences이므로 동명사 requiring으로 동명사구를 이끌어 주어로 사용한 것은 적절하다.

⑤ given은 분사가 아니라‘~을 고려해 볼 때’의 의미를 갖는 전치사이다. 전치사 given이 명사구인 the current obesity crisis facing many nations를 목적어로 취하고 있다.

Which is the correct order of the three sentences after  the given passage?

Karin Pfeiffer and her colleagues took a very different approach to  understanding physical activity motivation. These investigators examined whether participation in youth sports  predicts the levels of adult involvement in physical activity.

(A) This suggests that  requiring a habit of being physically active at a young age influences motivation for being active later in life.

(B)  Assessing females across three time periods (8th, 9th, and 12th grades), they found  that sport participation in the 8th and 9th grades predicted physical activity participation in the 12th grades.

(C) Although future studies need to further confirm this important finding, this topic is a key area of future research given the current obesity crisis facing many nations.

① (A)-(B)-(C)	② (B)-(A)-(C)   ③ (B)-(C)-(A)	④ (C)-(A)-(B)  ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

2. Which of the fellowing  fits the best in blanks(A) and (B) to summarize the passage?

Karin Pfeiffer and her colleagues took a very different approach to  understanding physical activity motivation. These investigators examined whether participation in youth sports  predicts the levels of adult involvement in physical activity. Assessing females across three time periods (8th, 9th, and 12th grades), they found  that sport participation in the 8th and 9th grades predicted physical activity participation in the 12th grades. This suggests that  requiring a habit of being physically active at a young age influences motivation for being active later in life. Although future studies need to further confirm this important finding, this topic is a key area of future research given the current obesity crisis facing many nations.

A research found that participation in sports when young      (A)         motivation for being

(B)         in physical activity later in life.

(A)                    (B)

① boosts	……    uninterested     ② discourages	……    active

③ affects	……    involved        ④ follows	……    passive

⑤ reduces	……    enthusiastic

3. Which of the fellowing  is awkward or unrelated in the context?

Karin Pfeiffer and her colleagues took a very different approach to  understanding physical activity motivation. ① These investigators examined whether participation in youth sports  predicts the levels of adult involvement in physical activity. ② Assessing females across three time periods (8th, 9th, and 12th grades), they found  that sport participation in the 8th and 9th grades predicted physical activity participation in the 12th grades. ③ This suggests that  requiring a habit of being physically active at a young age influences motivation for being active later in life. ④ No wonder physical exercise enables the ability to keep up positive attitudes in life and to activate the brain.  ⑤ Although future studies need to further confirm this important finding, this topic is a key area of future research given the current obesity crisis facing many nations.

정답: 2. 3. 4.

04.  밑줄 친 부분이 어법상 어색한 것을 고르시오

Several years ago, Jack C. Horn and Jeff Meer reported the results of a survey ① conducted with more than 13,000 readers of the magazine Psychology Today. They reported that 89% of the respondents had pets when they were children even though not all ② were current pet owners. Nearly everyone, 97%, believed it was good for children ③ to have pets. And the reasons cited for this overwhelming support of providing children with pets, according to Horn and Meer, were ④ that pets provided pleasure and companionship as well as opportunities for learning gentleness and responsibility. Throughout the article ⑤ is numerous examples of how pets enriched the lives of their human owners  -  from providing a break from a stressful home environment to increasing the fun and laughter shared by family members.

| 정답 | ⑤

| 소재 | 애완동물을 키우는 것의 이점

| 해석 |

여러 해 전에, Jack C. Horn과 Jeff Meer는‘Psychology Today’라는 잡지의 13,000명이 넘는 독자들을 대상으로 실시한 설문 조사의 결과를 보고했다. 그들은 응답자의 89퍼센트가 현재 모두 애완동물이 있는 것은 아니지만 아이였을 때 애완동물이 있었 다고 보고했다. 거의 모든 사람인 97퍼센트는 아이들이 애완동물을 갖는 것이 좋다고 믿었다. 그리고Horn과Meer에 따르면, 아이들에게 애완동물을 제공하는 것에 대한 이런 압도적인 지지의 이유로 든 것은 애완동물이 온순함과 책임감을 배우는 기회뿐만 아니라 즐거움과 동료애를 제공한다는 것이었다. 논문 전체에 스트레스가많은 가정환경으로부터 벗어나는 것을 제공하는 것에서부터 가족구성원이 공유하는 재미와 웃음을 증가시키는 것에 이르기까지, 애완동물이 어떻게 인간 주인의 삶을 풍요롭게 했는가에 대한 무수한예시가 나와 있다.

| Solution Guide |

⑤ Throughout the article은 전치사구이고 문장의 주어는 numerous examples이므로 동사 is는 are가 되어야 한다.

① conducted 이하는 분사구로 a survey를 수식한다.

② all 다음에는 respondents가 생략되어 있으므로 동사는 were가 어법상 알맞다.

③ it은 형식상의 주어이고, to have가 내용상의 주어, 그리고 for children이 to부정사의 의미상의 주어를 나타낸다. ④ that은 명사절을 이끄는 접속사로 쓰였다.

| Structure in Focus |

□ And the reasons [cited for this overwhelming support of providing children with pets, according to Horn and Meer], were that pets provided pleasure and companionship as well as opportunities for learning gentleness and responsibility. [ ]로 표시된 부분은 분사구로 주어인 the reasons를 수식한다.

□ Throughout the article are numerous examples of how pets enriched the lives of their human owners — [from providing a break from a stressful home environment to increasing the fun and laughter shared by family members]. Throughout the article이 문장의 맨 앞에 나옴에 따라 주어인

numerous examples ~ family members와 술어 동사인 are의 어순이 도치되었다. [ ]로 표시된 부분은「from ~ to ...(~에서부터 …에 이르기까지)」구문으로 이루어져 있다. 이때 from과 to는 전치사이므로 providing과 increasing이 쓰였다.

Which is the main topic of the passage ?

Several years ago, Jack C. Horn and Jeff Meer reported the results of a survey  conducted with more than 13,000 readers of the magazine Psychology Today. They reported that 89% of the respondents had pets when they were children even though not all  were current pet owners. Nearly everyone, 97%, believed it was good for children  to have pets. And the reasons cited for this overwhelming support of providing children with pets, according to Horn and Meer, were  that pets provided pleasure and companionship as well as opportunities for learning gentleness and responsibility. Throughout the article are  numerous examples of how pets enriched the lives of their human owners  -  from providing a break from a stressful home environment to increasing the fun and laughter shared by family members.

① The reason we like pets          ② Conflicts between human and pets

③ The difficulty in growing pets     ④ The advantages of having pets

⑤ The side-effect of growing pets

2. 내용과 일치하지 않은 것은?

Several years ago, Jack C. Horn and Jeff Meer reported the results of a survey  conducted with more than 13,000 readers of the magazine Psychology Today. They reported that 89% of the respondents had pets when they were children even though not all  were current pet owners. Nearly everyone, 97%, believed it was good for children  to have pets. And the reasons cited for this overwhelming support of providing children with pets, according to Horn and Meer, were  that pets provided pleasure and companionship as well as opportunities for learning gentleness and responsibility. Throughout the article are  numerous examples of how pets enriched the lives of their human owners  -  from providing a break from a stressful home environment to increasing the fun and laughter shared by family members.

① The population of the survey was over 10 thousand.

② Over two thirds of the subjects had pets in their childhood.

③ Almost all the respondents approved the benefit of children’s having pets.

④ Pets can provide children with friendship and virtues.

⑤ Human owners of pets give them a break by playing with them.

3.  Which of the underlined is NOT suitable in the context?

Several years ago, Jack C. Horn and Jeff Meer reported the results of a survey  conducted with more than 13,000 readers of the magazine Psychology Today. They reported that 89% of the respondents had pets when they were children even though not all  were current pet owners. Nearly everyone, 97%, believed it was ①good for children  to have pets. And the reasons cited for this overwhelming② support of providing children with pets, according to Horn and Meer, were  that pets provided pleasure and companionship as well as ③opportunities for learning gentleness and responsibility. Throughout the article are  numerous examples of how pets ④enriched the lives of their human owners  -  from providing a break from a stressful home environment to ⑤decreasing the fun and laughter shared by family members.

정답: 4. 5. 5.

08 지칭 대상 파악

Gateway

1 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?

Ellie walked to school in her new shoes. "I like those," Megan whispered. "Cool." Ellie felt happy. ① She knew it was hard to get compliments from Megan and couldn't hide her smile. The two friends had desks side by side at the back. "Stop talking, you two," said Miss Smith. "Bring your books to me if you've finished." Ellie followed Megan to the front of the class. ② She always let Megan go first. She felt scared when Miss Smith was upset. Miss Smith noticed ③ her new shoes. "Those aren't suitable for school," she said, her voice cold. Ellie took a deep breath. "The shop didn't have black shoes, Miss Smith," ④ she said. Her voice came out in a whisper. "The school uniform requires black or dark blue shoes," said Miss Smith. "Report to me in proper shoes, please. On Monday." ⑤ She used her quiet-shout voice and Ellie shivered. *shiver 떨다

| 정답 | ⑤

| 해석 |Ellie는새신발을신고학교로걸어갔다.“ 그신발마음에들어. 멋져.”라고 Megan이 속삭였다. Ellie는 기분이 좋았다. 그녀는 Megan에게서 칭찬을 받기가 어렵다는 것을 알고 있어서 미소를 숨길 수가 없었다. 그 두 친구는 뒤쪽에 책상을 나란히 하고 있었다. “너희 두 명, 그만 말해. 끝마쳤으면 책을 내게 갖고 와.”라고 Smith 선생님이 말했다. Ellie는 Megan을 뒤따라 교실 앞으로 나아갔다. 그녀는 항상 Megan을 먼저 가게 했다. Smith 선생님이 화가 나면 그녀는 겁이 났다. Smith 선생님은 그녀의 새 신발을 알아차렸다. “그것은 학교에 신고 오기 적절하지 않구나.”하고 그녀는 말했는데, 그녀의 목소리는 차가웠다. Ellie는 숨을 깊이 들이 쉬었다. “가게에 검은색 신발이 없었어요, Smith 선생님.”이라고 그녀는말했다. 그녀의목소리는속삭이듯이나왔다.“ 교복에는검은색이나 짙은 청색의 신발을 신어야 한단다. 적절한 신발을 신고 내게 오렴. 월요일에.”라고 Smith 선생님이 말했다. 그녀는 조용하면서도 단호한 목소리로 말했고 Ellie는 몸을 떨었다.

1. Which of the underlined parts is grammatically incorrect?  3

Ellie walked to school in her new shoes. "I like those," Megan whispered. "Cool." Ellie felt happy.  She knew it was hard ①to get compliments from Megan and couldn't hide her smile. The two friends had desks side by side at the back. "Stop ② talking, you two," said Miss Smith. "Bring your books to me if you've finished." Ellie followed Megan to the front of the class.  She always let Megan ③ to go first. She felt ④scared when Miss Smith was upset. Miss Smith noticed  her new shoes. "Those aren't suitable for school," she said, her voice  ⑤ being cold. Ellie took a deep breath. "The shop didn't have black shoes, Miss Smith,"  she said. Her voice came out in a whisper. "The school uniform requires black or dark blue shoes," said Miss Smith. "Report to me in proper shoes, please. On Monday."  She used her quiet-shout voice and Ellie shivered.

Exercises

01.  밑줄 친 부분의 대상이 가리키는 것이 넷과 다른 것은?

Even in his most severe dotage, Jonathan Swift seems to have retained some self-awareness, as told by his cousin Deane Swift. One day in mid-March 1744, as Swift sat in his chair, ① he reached towards a knife, but his housekeeper moved it away from him. He shrugged ② his shoulders, rocked himself, and said, 'I am what I am, I am what I am'; some minutes later he repeated the same thing two or three times. About a fortnight afterwards, ③ he tried to speak to his servant, whom he sometimes called by name. Not finding words to tell ④ him what he meant, he showed some uneasiness and said, 'I am a fool'. It was his last recorded words before ⑤ he passed away.

01| 정답 | ④

| 소재 | Jonathan Swift의 말년

| 해석 |노망이 가장 심했을 때에도, 사촌 Deane Swift가 말한 대로, Jonathan Swift는 어느 정도의 자기 인식을 보유하고 있었던 것처럼 보인다. 1744년 3월 중순의 어느 날, 의자에 앉아 있다가 그가 칼을 잡으려고 손을 뻗었지만, 가정부는 그것을 그의 손이 닿지 않게 치워버렸다. 그는 자신의 어깨를 으쓱하고는, 몸을 가볍게 흔들고서“나는 온전해, 나는 온전해.”라고 말했다. 몇 분 뒤 그는 똑같은 행동을 두세 차례 반복했다. 약 2주일 뒤에 그는 자신의 하인에게 말을 걸려고 했는데, 그는 그 하인을 가끔씩 이름으로 불렀다.

그에게 자신이 뜻하는 바를 말할 단어를 찾지 못했기 때문에, 그는 약간의 불안함을 내비치면서“나는 바보라네.”라고 말했다. 그것이그가 죽기 전에 한, 마지막으로 기록된 말이었다.

| Solution Guide |

①, ②, ③, ⑤는 Jonathan Swift를 가리키고, ④는 그의 하인을 가리킨다.

| Structure in Focus |

□ About a fortnight afterwards, he tried to speak to his servant, [whom he sometimes called by name].

[ ]로 표시된 부분은 his servant를 부연 설명하는 관계절이다.

□ [Not finding words to tell him what he meant], he showed some uneasiness and said, ‘I am a fool’.

[ ]로 표시된 부분은 분사 구문으로, As he did not find words ~ he meant로 풀어 쓸 수 있다.

1. Which of the underlined parts is grammatically incorrect?  5

Even in his most severe dotage, Jonathan Swift seems  ① to have retained some self-awareness, as told by his cousin Deane Swift. One day in mid-March 1744, as Swift sat in his chair,  he reached towards a knife, but his housekeeper moved it away from him. He shrugged  his shoulders, rocked himself, and said, 'I am ②what I am, I am what I am'; some minutes later he repeated the same thing two or three times. About a fortnight afterwards,  he tried to speak to his servant, ③ whom he sometimes called by name.④ Not finding words to tell  him  ⑤that he meant, he showed some uneasiness and said, 'I am a fool'. It was his last recorded words before  he passed away.

2.  가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?

I'll never forget visiting the home of a neighbor and watching him interact with his young three-year-old son. He expected his son to display perfectly good manners to me, but he himself was very rude to ① him. In the hour that I was there, he called his son a "little liar" in an

impatient voice and shamed ② him for not completing a task. He demanded that his son fetch ③ him a glass of water and never said thank you. His son will probably not grow up to be particularly respectful to ④ his own family. He will most likely grow up displaying the same double standards with his children that ⑤ he received from his own father, unless he works hard at reversing the poor mind-set that he has learned.

| 정답 | ③

| 소재 |대물림되는 잘못된 사고방식

| 해석 |

나는 한 이웃사람의 집을 방문해서 그가 자신의 세 살난 어린 아들과 소통하는 것을 봤던 일을 결코 잊지 못할 것이다. 그는 자기 아들이 완벽하게 훌륭한 예의를 나에게 보여 줄 것을 기대했지만, 그는 자신이 그에게 매우 예의가 없었다. 내가 거기에 있었던 한 시간 동안, 그는 자기 아들을 짜증이 나는 목소리로‘어린 거짓말쟁이’라고 불렀고, 일을 끝내지 못한 것에 대해 그에게 창피를 주었다. 그는 자기 아들이 그에게 물 한 잔을 가져오도록 요구하고는 고맙다는 말을 절대 하지 않았다. 그의 아들은 아마도 자라서 자기 자신의 가족을 별로 존중하지 않을 것이다. 만약 그가 자신이 배운 좋지 못한 사고방식을 뒤집으려고 부단히 노력하지 않는다면, 그는 아마도 성장해서 자신의 아이들에게 자신이 자기 아버지에게서 받은 것과 같은 이중 잣대를 보여 줄 가능성이 매우 크다.

| Solution Guide |

①, ②, ④, ⑤는 필자의 이웃사람의 아들을 가리키지만, ③은 그 이웃사람을 가리킨다. 따라서 정답은 ③이다.

1. Which of the underlined parts is grammatically incorrect?   3

I'll never forget ①visiting the home of a neighbor and watching him ② interact with his young three-year-old son. He expected his son to display perfectly good manners to me, but he himself was very rude to  him. In the hour that I was there, he called his son a "little liar" in an impatient voice and shamed  him for not completing a task. He demanded that his son③  fetches  him a glass of water and never said thank you. His son will probably not grow up ④ to be particularly respectful to  his own family. He will most likely grow up⑤ displaying the same double standards with his children that  he received from his own father, unless he works hard at reversing the poor mind-set that he has learned.

3. 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?

With Haydn away in England, Beethoven began ① his studies with the music theorist and composer Johann Georg Albrechtsberger three times a week. Albrechtsberger mentioned that his new student was stubborn and tended to learn more through experience than through ② his instruction. In this era the composition of music followed definite and strict rules; Beethoven

preferred to ignore these traditional conventions or, at least, to bend them to suit ③ his own ideas. Beethoven had learned the accepted musical formulas that his teachers followed, but ④ he rejected the idea that these were rigid rules that could not be altered. Albrechtsberger stressed attention to detail, and this made his pupil constantly strive to improve what ⑤ he composed.

*stubborn 고집 센, 완고한

정답: 2

소재: Georg Albrechtsberger 와 그의 제자   Beethoven

Haydn은 멀리 영국에 있었으므로, Beethoven은 일주일에 세 번 음악 이론가이자 작 곡가인 Johann Georg Albrechtsberger 와 함께 자신의 공부를 시작했다. Albrechtsberger는 자신의 새로운 학생이 고집 세고 자신의 가르침보다는 경험을 통해서 더 많이 배우 는 경향이 있다고 말했다. 이 시대에는 음악의 작곡법 이 명확하고 엄격한 규칙을 따랐는데, Beethoven 은 이런 전통적인 방식을 무시하거나, 적어도 자기 자신의 생각에 들어맞게 그 방식들을 편리한 대로 해석하는 것을 선호했다. Beethoven은 자신의 스승들이 따랐던 널리 인정되는 음악적 방식을 이미 배웠었지만, 그는 이것들이 변경될 수 없는 엄격한 규칙이라는 생각 을 거부했다. Albrechtsberger는 세부적인 것에 주의를 기울이는 것을 강조했고, 이것은 그의 제자로 하여금 자신이 작곡한 것을 향상하려고 끊임없이 노력 하게 만들었다.

Words & Phrases

❍  theorist 이론가 ❍  instruction 가르침, 교육, 교수

❍  composition 작곡(법) ❍  strict 엄격한, 엄한

❍ convention (문학ž예술의) 전통[관습](적인 방식)

❍  suit (~에) 적합하게 하다, 일치시키다

❍  reject 거부하다, 거절하다 ❍  alter 변경하다, 바꾸다

❍  mention 말하다, 언급하다 ❍  era 시대, 시기

❍  definite 명확한, 확실한 ❍  ignore 무시하다

❍ bend (법·규칙 따위를) 편리한 대로 해석[수정]하다

❍ formula (일정한) 방식, 판에 박힌 방식[절차]

❍  rigid 엄격한, 엄정한 ❍  strive to do ~하려고 노력하다

Solution Guide ❍ ①, ③, ④, ⑤는 모두 Beethoven을 가리키지 만, ②는 Albrechtsberger를 가리킨다.

1. Which of the underlined parts is grammatically incorrect?  5

With Haydn away in England, Beethoven began  his studies with the music theorist and composer Johann Georg Albrechtsberger three times a week. Albrechtsberger mentioned① that his new student was stubborn and tended to learn more through experience than through  his instruction. In this era the composition of music followed definite and strict rules; Beethoven preferred② to ignore these traditional conventions or, at least, to bend them to suit  his own ideas. Beethoven ③had learned the accepted musical formulas that his teachers followed, but  he rejected the idea ④that these were rigid rules that could not be altered. Albrechtsberger stressed attention to detail, and this made his pupil constantly strive to improve⑤  that  he composed.

4. 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?

The Scottish painter Robert Barker was out sketching on Carlton Hill, Edinburgh. ① He noticed a curious effect caused by the prevailing atmospheric conditions: it was as if the entire view were contained within a cylinder. Inspired with the idea of reproducing this effect artistically, ② he made a model of a panorama and showed it to Sir Joshua Reynolds. The great artist was unbelieving. If Barker were able to put ③ his idea into practice, said Sir Joshua, he would get out of his bed in the middle of the night to see the outcome. Barker persevered and set up ④ his first panorama in a house in Leicester Square, London, not far from Sir Joshua's own residence.

Reynolds carried out his promise. ⑤ He arrived to view the panorama wearing his dressing gown and slippers.

정답: 5

소재 : 화가 Robert Barker와 Joshua Reynolds 의 일화

스코틀랜드의 화가 Robert Barker는 Edinburgh의 Carlton Hill에 나가 스케치를 하고 있었다. 그는 지배적인 대기 상태에 의해 야기되는 진기한 효과를 알아채게 되었는데, 마치 전체 전경 이 원통 내부에 담겨 있는 듯 보였다. 이 효과를 예술 적으로 재현한다는 생각에 고무되어, 그는 파노라마 모 형을 만들었고 그것을 Joshua Reynolds 경에 게 보여 주었다. 그 위대한 예술가는 믿지 않았다. Barker가 그 자신의 생각을 실행에 옮길 수 있다면 자기는 한밤중에 잠자리에서 일어나 그 결과를 보겠다고 Joshua 경은 말했다. Barker는 끈기 있게 계속했고 자신의 첫 번째 파노라마를 Joshua 경의 자택에서 멀지 않은 London의 Leicester Square에 있는 한 집에 설치했다. Reynolds 경은 자신의 약속을 이행했다. 그는 잠옷 위에 입는 가운을 입고 슬리퍼를 신은 채 도착하여 그 파노라마를 보았다.

Words & Phrases

❍  prevailing 지배적인, 우세한 ❍  reproduce 재현하다 ❍  dressing gown (잠옷 위에 입는) 가운

❍  atmospheric 대기의 ❍  put ~ into practice ~을 실행에 옮기다 ❍  cylinder 원통, 실린더

❍  residence 주택, 거주지

Solution Guide ❍ ①, ②, ③, ④는 Robert Barker를 가리키지 만, ⑤는 Sir Joshua Reynolds를 가리킨다.

1. Which of the underlined parts is grammatically incorrect?  3

The Scottish painter Robert Barker was out sketching on Carlton Hill, Edinburgh.  He noticed a curious effect ①caused by the prevailing atmospheric conditions: it was as if the entire view ②were contained within a cylinder. Inspired with the idea of reproducing this effect artistically,  he made a model of a panorama and ③show it to Sir Joshua Reynolds. The great artist was unbelieving. If Barker were able to put  his idea into practice, said Sir Joshua, he would get out of his bed in the middle of the night④ to see the outcome. Barker persevered and set up  his first panorama in a house in Leicester Square, London, not far from Sir Joshua's own residence. Reynolds carried out his promise.  He arrived to view the panorama ⑤wearing his dressing gown and slippers.