01 영어독해 모의고사

[01~03] 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

01

Bucephalus was the legendary horse of Alexander the Great. Alexander first discovered Bucephalus at the age of 12, when he saw the beautiful but very wild animal in his father□s stables. No one was able to ride it. Alexander patiently observed the horse until he understood its reactions, which made it possible for him to ride it. Alexander□s father then gave the horse to his son as a gift. Alexander chose the name Bucephalus for his horse, which comes from the Greek words for □ox head,□ because the animal had a broad face. Having grown up together, Alexander and Bucephalus were very close. Having ridden the seemingly unbreakable Bucephalus, Alexander was inspired to conquer the world. In his attempt to do so, Alexander was carried by Bucephalus on his conquests across Asia. After Bucephalus died, Alexander named a city in central Asia after the horse.

① A Horse Like an Ox

② Taming of a Wild Animal

③ The Legend of Greek Horses

④ Alexander□s Conquests in Asia

⑤ A Conqueror□s Unconquerable Horse

02

Red, two-level □Routemaster□ buses were once a famous sight in London. In 2005, however, the city got rid of these buses because they were expensive, inaccessible for people in wheelchairs, and less safe than newer, more modern buses. The old Routemasters were replaced with long buses with two sections that were able to bend around curves. The city found, though, that these new long buses were not without problems. According to the mayor of London, they blocked traffic and put cyclists at risk. He decided to bring back the old buses, but in an updated form. He held a competition for a new design for the old-turned-new city buses and selected one that features leather seats and a solar panel on the roof. These new buses are a big hit with both locals and tourists, who admire their combination of classic looks and modern features.

*solar panel: 태양 전지판

① The Loss of a Classic

② Old City Buses Made New

③ Red Buses for Tourists Only

④ Luxurious Public Transportation

⑤ Routemasters Removed from the Road

03

Across the globe, office workers are encouraged to recycle and reuse as much paper as possible. One company has come up with an innovative way of doing this  it has created a printer that can use erasable toner. The first time a piece of paper is run through it, it works like a normal printer. However, when the printed paper is no longer needed, it can be run through the printer again. This time it acts like a normal printer, but in reverse. The paper is exposed to high temperatures, which causes the erasable toner to completely disappear. In this way, a single sheet of paper can be used again and again. And because extreme temperatures are needed to erase the toner, you don□t have to worry about your report disappearing if you leave it in your car on a hot day.

① A New Printer That Also Erases

② Hot Weather Can Damage Printers

③ Is It Better to Recycle or Reuse Paper?

④ Special Paper Protects the Environment

⑤ Recycling: A Solution to Climate Change

04

다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

Blaise Pascal says that the greatest compliment you can give an author or a speaker is to say, □I could have written that book!□ or □I could have said those words!□ In fact, the author whom we admire most is the one who writes a book that we □could□ have written ourselves. And we say □bravo□ when a speaker gives us a thought which is similar to our own but is expressed better than we could have said it. So whether you are writing or speaking, the key is to understand your audience and tell them what they already know and believe.

① 누구나 위대한 작가가 될 수 있다.

② 위대한 작품은 그 시대의 사회상을 반영한다.

③ 작가의 임무는 숨겨진 가치를 발견하는 것이다.

④ 연설의 감동은 연설가의 경험의 깊이에 달려 있다.

⑤ 훌륭한 작가나 연설가는 청중이 공감하는 바를 표현한다.

05

다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

Access to hospitals is a basic right of all people. Unfortunately, not all hospitals are equal  they vary greatly in terms of their resources and the quality of their care. Private hospitals, for instance, tend to focus on offering first-class facilities and services to their patients. Unfortunately, these luxury hospitals tend to be located only in wealthy neighborhoods and are too expensive for the average person to afford. This is simply unfair and unacceptable. Every hospital is a vital community resource that should be available to everyone. When luxury hospitals target rich patients, they make it harder for poor people to get the medical treatment they desperately need. In the end, they are creating a wider gap between the health care options available to the poor and those enjoyed by the rich.

① 병원은 환자들을 위해 최신 설비를 갖추어야 한다.

② 병원은 환자에게 항상 최고의 서비스를 제공해야 한다.

③ 병원은 사람들이 접근하기 쉬운 장소에 위치해야 한다.

④ 병원은 빈부에 관계 없이 모든 사람을 위한 시설이어야 한다.

⑤ 부유한 사람과 가난한 사람 사이의 의료 혜택 격차를 줄여야 한다.

06

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

When it comes to human survival, the goods critical to life, such as bread, are much more valuable than diamonds, which have no influence on human existence. In reality, however, bread is much cheaper than diamonds. Why is this? In the 19th century, economists attempted to explain this ______________________________　with the idea of marginal utility. Marginal utility refers to how much satisfaction can be attained by the possession of additional units of a product. Diamonds are scarce, and many people want them. Therefore, people get great satisfaction by acquiring more diamonds, which means that their marginal utility is high. This is the reason people are willing to pay high prices for them. Bread, however, is quite different. As soon as people become full, its benefits greatly decrease, and it is pointless to buy more. So the marginal utility of bread is low, as is its price.

*marginal utility: 한계 효용

① variable price	② paradox of value

③ illusion of money	④ producer□s surplus

⑤ practical preference

07

글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?

The surgical method used during the procedure can also affect post-operation dryness.

Almost everyone who undergoes laser eye surgery experiences dryness afterwards. However, the level of dryness ranges from a mildly irritating dry sensation to a painfully dry feeling that can limit vision. (①) In most cases, the patient□s natural dryness level provides the best prediction for how their eyes will be affected by the surgery. (②) A number of tests are utilized to measure a patient□s eye dryness prior to the procedure. (③) For anyone with naturally high levels of dryness, it is recommended to avoid the surgery. (④) The LASIK method usually results in the worst dryness, as it damages the nerves responsible for tear production. (⑤) Yet the alternative LASEK method also disrupts some of these nerves, causing less intense, but still potentially serious, dryness.

08

다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?

Knowledge alone is not enough on important exams. ① Many people believe that if you have a good command of the subject to be tested, then test-taking skills and test anxiety will not affect your results. ② We now know that this is not true. ③ A good answer should cover the subject thoughtfully and thoroughly. ④ No matter what degree of knowledge you may possess, a lack of test-taking skills and a problem with test anxiety could interfere with your test performance. ⑤ That is, you could be an authority on a given topic and yet might not be able to show it on a test because you feel threatened or anxious, or because you have poor test-taking skills.

09

주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?

Have you ever stared at a bright object for a while? After you looked away, you probably saw strange objects floating in front of you. These are known as eye floaters.

(A) These floating pieces cast shadows on the retina when light passes through the eye, which causes eye floaters. Keep in mind that eye floaters aren□t a sign of a problem. They are simply a harmless, natural occurrence.

(B) When you are young, the gel of the vitreous is fairly solid. As you get older, however, it becomes watery in the center. When solid pieces of gel break off, they begin to float around in the liquid center.

(C) Most people experience this phenomenon. However, eye floaters are not just optical illusions. They are caused by small pieces of the vitreous, which is a mass of gel located inside your eyeball.

*vitreous(vitreous humour): 눈의 유리체

① (A) ― (C) ― (B)	② (B) ― (A) ― (C)

③ (B) ― (C) ― (A)	④ (C) ― (A) ― (B)

⑤ (C) ― (B) ― (A)

10

(A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Today, tattoos are becoming popular as a fashionable body decoration. The prevalence of tattoos among many age groups is (A) [rising / raising]. Since the 1980s, women have been using the tattoo process for permanent eyeliner or lip color. Tattoos are made by puncturing the skin and (B) [dying / dyeing] it by inserting a colored material. The modern tattoo process uses electric needles. In the past, instruments such as knives, thorns, and sharpened bones were used. Is it safe to puncture your skin and put color under it permanently? Many doctors don□t think so. Serious side effects often (C) [accompany/ accomplish] tattoos.

(A)    (B)       (C)

① rising……dying……accompany

② rising……dyeing……accompany

③ rising……dyeing……accomplish

④ raising……dyeing……accompany

⑤ raising……dying……accomplish

11

AIWS에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

Sometimes, people who experience migraines or other kinds of intense headaches can feel as if their body is growing or shrinking. This is called the Alice in Wonderland syndrome (AIWS), named after the fantasy book in which Alice finds herself changing sizes. Those with AIWS may see people and other objects as larger or smaller than they really are. They might also have the feeling that their senses of hearing and touch have suddenly changed. In children, the syndrome is usually experienced at night, when their natural fear of the dark is most active. Though less common, adults can suffer from AIWS as well. In fact, the author of Alice in Wonderland experienced similar symptoms himself, which is partly what inspired him to write the book.

*migraine: 편두통

① 심한 두통이 있는 사람들이 경험할 수 있다.

② 판타지 책의 제목에서 그 이름이 유래했다.

③ 사물을 실제 크기보다 작게 느낄 수 있다.

④ 아이들은 보통 밤에 이 증상을 경험한다.

⑤ '이상한 나라의 앨리스'의 작가는 책에서 이것을 설명했다.

12

다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

There is more to the flying V formation of migrating geese than simply a pattern. The formation is one built upon collective effort and a tremendous sense of togetherness. As each bird flaps its wings, it lifts up the air beneath the bird immediately behind it. By flying in the V formation, the flock increases its flying range by about 71%. The birds rotate leadership of the V in order to share responsibility. If a bird becomes sick or injured and is unable to continue flying, two other birds will stop with it to offer help and protection. They wait with their injured companion until it either dies or is able to resume flying.

↓

The flying V formation is an example of how      (A)     can      (B)      animals.

(A)	(B)

① scientific rules	……	save

② great effort	……	injure

③ cooperation	……	benefit

④ strength	……	affect

⑤ powerful leaders……	protect

[13-14] 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것을 고르시오.

13

The 17th-century playwright Moliere is sometimes ① referred to as the Shakespeare of France. Like Shakespeare, Moliere wrote both comedies and tragedies. Unlike Shakespeare, however, Moliere became most famous for his comedies, ② that were powerful satires about French society. He used humor to point out anything he believed was wrong or unjust, and the church was often his target. This angered many religious people in France. As a result, his play Don Juan or The Feast with the Statue, which contained many jokes about religion, was heavily censored. Despite this, Moliere continued writing and acting until his death in 1673. ③ While suffering from a serious lung disease, he took a role in a play as a character ④ who always thinks he is sick. During a performance for King Louis XIV, he collapsed onstage. Although Moliere managed ⑤ to finish the performance, he died a few hours after the show.

14

We are often told that it is important ① to love oneself. However, some people seem to love themselves so much that they don't have any love left ② to share with others. These people are called narcissists. So where is the line between healthy self-love and narcissism? The main difference ③ can find in what makes people love themselves. In a healthy individual, self-love comes from pride in ④ being a good friend or a hard worker. While narcissists may also appear to be caring friends or dedicated employees, they don't care about the results of their behavior or the effect it has on others. All they care about is how they appear. This is because they are simply playing a role, like an actor in a movie. People ⑤ who truly love themselves, on the other hand, honestly care about how their actions affect the people around them.

[15~17] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

(A) A long time ago, a young man named Alexander needed a job. He went to the richest man in town and asked to be hired. (a) He explained that he had graduated from the best school in the country. □Did you pay your tuition yourself?□ asked the rich man. □No, of course not,□ replied Alexander. □My parents did.□ The rich man asked what his parents did for a living, and Alexander explained that they washed clothes by hand.

(B) The next day Alexander returned to the rich man's home. (b) He asked if Alexander had looked at his parents hands, and Alexander replied that he had. □Do you realize what you said wrong yesterday?□ Alexander nodded his head. Then he took a deep breath and explained that he now realized that he would never be better than his parents. However, he wanted to work hard and earn lots of money so he could take care of them, just like they had taken care of (c) him. The rich man smiled and shook Alexander's hand. □You're hired,□ he said.

(C) Dejected and confused, Alexander returned home. Nevertheless, (d) he did what the rich man had asked. When his parents returned from washing clothes, Alexander reached out and took his mother's hand. He was shocked at how wrinkled and old it looked. Then he took his father's hand and saw that it was bruised and swollen. For the first time Alexander realized how hard his parents had worked to earn money for his tuition.

(D) The rich man thought about this for a while. Then, unexpectedly, he asked to see Alexander's hands. After looking them over, the rich man commented that they were soft and smooth for someone who washed clothes. □I don't wash clothes!□ exclaimed Alexander. □That's my parents' job! I spend my days reading books. I will be something better than a clothes washer!□ The rich man shook his head sadly. Then he asked Alexander to go home, look at (e) his parents' hands and come back the next morning.

15

주어진 글 (A)에 이어질 내용을 순서에 맞게 배열한 것으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① (B) ― (D) ― (C)	② (C) ― (B) ― (D)

③ (C) ― (D) ― (B)	④ (D) ― (B) ― (C)

⑤ (D) ― (C) ― (B)

16

밑줄 친 (a) ~ (e) 중에서 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?

① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)

17

윗글의 Alexander에 관한 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

① 그 지역에서 가장 좋은 학교를 졸업했다.

② 'the rich man'에게 고용되었다.

③ 집으로 돌아가서 부모님의 손을 살펴보았다.

④ 부드럽고 매끄러운 손을 갖고 있었다.

⑤ 부모님과 같은 직업을 가지고 싶어했다.

02 영어독해 모의고사

01

Atelier Night에 관한 다음 안내문의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

Atelier Night at the Eastside Gallery

Every Monday is Atelier Night at the Eastside Gallery. Both professional and amateur artists are invited to join us for an evening of sketching paintings and discussing art.

Location

Eastside Gallery  114 Main Street, Bennington

Time

Mondays from 7:30 pm to 9:30 pm

Who's Invited

Anyone with an interest in art, including students, professionals and senior citizens

Guidelines

Atelier Night participants are expected to bring their own sketch pads, pencils and pencil sharpeners. Please do not bring easels, as they will get in the way of our other visitors. Children of all ages are welcome, but anyone under the age of 16 must be accompanied by an adult. This is a free event, but you must register online at least 24 hours in advance if you plan on joining us. Please visit the gallery's website for more details or email your questions to atelier@esgallery.net.

① 두 시간 동안 진행된다.

② 아마추어 예술가도 참가할 수 있다.

③ 개인용 이젤을 가져올 수 있다.

④ 16세 미만의 어린이는 성인과 동반해야 한다.

⑤ 참가하려면 하루 전까지 등록해야 한다.

02

다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

During pregnancy, about two thirds of women experience the nausea and vomiting known as morning sickness. It may seem like unnecessary suffering, but research shows that the sickness actually has a purpose. According to one study, vomiting during pregnancy protects the baby. It helps the body get rid of toxins and microorganisms in food, which have the potential to harm the baby. After about 18 weeks, when the baby is less sensitive to chemicals, morning sickness usually decreases. Nausea during pregnancy, as it turns out, is actually beneficial for the developing baby.

*morning sickness: 입덧

↓

A study shows that morning sickness protects      (A)      babies by      (B)      toxins found in the bodies of pregnant women.

(A)	(B)

① weak	……  increasing

② unborn	……  removing

③ growing	……  modifying

④ healthy	……  transferring

⑤ premature	……  strengthening

03

다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

The ATM was once described as the □only useful innovation in banking.□ Today, however, cash is being used less and less. Instead, people seem to prefer credit cards, debit cards and digital alternatives. Does this mean that cash, along with ATMs, will soon be a thing of the past? The answer is □probably not.□ Although I do expect cash to continue to lose popularity, I don't think it is in any danger of □going extinct.□ Cash has certain features that other forms of payment do not. It can be used at any time and in any place, and it doesn't require electronic devices. Because of this, cash gives people a sense of freedom. It also gives them a sense of security, as they don't have to worry about their accounts being hacked. For these reasons, there will always be people who prefer it.

① 신용카드 사기를 막기 위해 현금을 써야 한다.

② 현금을 사용하면 더 현명한 소비를 할 수 있다.

③ 디지털 결제가 현금 결제만큼 안전해질 것이다.

④ 미래에도 현금이 완전히 사라지지는 않을 것이다.

⑤ 현금 소비를 촉진하기 위해 ATM을 더 보급해야 한다.

04

다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

A team of Japanese scientists has produced an invention that has the ability to find items that have been misplaced, such as keys. Their product looks like a pair of glasses, but contains artificial intelligence. Smart Goggles, as the product is called, can help you look for items that you have lost. All you need to do is tell the glasses what you are looking for, and they will play back a video of the last time you saw the item. A tiny camera inside the glasses records everything you see. In addition, a computer identifies and keeps track of where everything is. Currently, the Smart Goggles model is too large and inconvenient for everyday use. However, the inventors are certain that they will be able to make a smaller version soon.

① Smart Goggles Help You See Better

② Glasses Remember Where You Left Things

③ Artificial Intelligence Now in Everyday Items

④ Japan Develops New Treatment for Forgetfulness

⑤ Video Recorder Keeps Track of Everything You See

05

글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?

In terms of running, this means that when runners push off from the ground, the ground pushes back against their feet.

Michael Phelps is currently the fastest human swimmer in the world. However, you may be surprised by his top speed  it's only about eight kilometers per hour. That's slower than the average child can run. The reason for this can be found in Newton's laws of motion. The speed of runners comes from the force created by their legs. (①) Newton's second law states that the amount of force is determined by mass times acceleration. (②) And according to Newton's third law, every action has an equal and opposite reaction. (③) This happens because the ground is solid. (④) Water, however, is liquid, which means it doesn't push back like the ground does. (⑤) Therefore, swimmers are unable to create as much force as runners.

*action: 작용 **reaction: 반작용

06

다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?

Most people consider insects something to be avoided. In some places, however, insects are commonly eaten. And in the future, they may become an important food source around the world. Insects contain lots of protein, as well as fat, fiber and vitamins. ① In fact, some insects contain as much iron as beef. ② This is important, since iron deficiency is a serious nutritional problem. ③ Proper nutrition is essential to both mental and physical performance. ④ What's more, raising insects for food is better for the environment than raising pigs or cows. ⑤ Insects require less space, water and food, and they emit very little greenhouse gas. And many people insist that insects are delicious. They say that locusts taste like shrimp and crickets smell like popcorn.

[07~08] 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

07

In 1859, a man released 24 European wild rabbits into a park in Australia. Less than 70 years later, the population had exploded to more than 10 billion rabbits across the nation. Although this number has since decreased to about 300 million, these rabbits are ________________________________. The primary reason is that rabbits eat the same vegetation as Australia's native animals. Rabbits also reproduce more quickly than these native species, and they tend to eat the roots of plants rather than just the leaves, meaning the plants cannot regrow. With less food available, more than 20 species of Australian mammals have gone extinct, as have a number of native plants. What's worse, a lack of plants and grass causes once green areas to turn into lifeless deserts.

① the national animal of Australia

② an endangered species in Australia

③ the most popular animal in Australia

④ good examples of how nature survives

⑤ a danger to the ecosystem of Australia

08

In a famous experiment, participants were asked to watch a video of six people passing a pair of basketballs to one another. Their instructions were to count how many times the people wearing white shirts passed the ball. Halfway through the video, a man in a gorilla costume walks through the players. Surprisingly, only half of the participants saw him. The others were so focused on the basketballs that they didn't notice. This experiment suggests that ________________________________. The researchers believe this is because there is only a certain amount of information the brain can handle. Once this amount is reached, it stops noticing other things. This is one of the reasons activities like driving while talking on a cell phone are considered dangerous.

① we react differently to the same event

② we have a hard time paying attention for a long time

③ our limited knowledge can cause us to make mistakes

④ the accuracy of our vision can be affected by what we hear

⑤ our ability to concentrate on multiple tasks at once is limited

09

Momofuku Ando에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

Momofuku Ando was a successful entrepreneur born in 1910. He was only 22 when he started his first business, but he got the idea for his most popular product many years later. Japan had recently been defeated in World War II, and there was a lack of food. People would wait in long lines to buy a bowl of ramen. Staring at the people in one of these lines, Ando felt moved to help them. After some thought, he decided to create a cheap and easy way to make ramen. This led to the world's first instant ramen. But Ando wasn't satisfied. Over the years he continued to improve his invention, creating Cup Noodles in 1971. And in 2005 he released Space Ram, a special ramen for astronauts. Ando devoted his life to ending world hunger with instant ramen. He died in 2007 at the age of 96.

① 22살에 인스턴트 라면에 대한 아이디어를 처음 떠올렸다.

② 식량 부족에 시달리는 사람들을 돕고 싶어했다.

③ 세계 최초로 인스턴트 라면을 발명했다.

④ 인스턴트 라면을 개량하여 Cup Noodles를 만들었다.

⑤ Space Ram을 출시하고 2년 뒤 사망했다.

10

Petra에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

Petra is located about four hours south of Amman, the capital of Jordan. It lies just on the edge of the mountainous desert known as Wadi Araba. The ancient city is hidden by large sandstone cliffs that gave it natural protection from invaders. One of its most famous features, however, is its architectural style. It is said to have been influenced by a number of different cultures. The Nabateans built Petra as their capital in 100 B.C., but it was only rediscovered in 1812 by a young explorer. A nineteenth-century poet later described it as □a rose-red city half as old as time.□ Because of Petra's historical and cultural importance, UNESCO named it a World Heritage Site in 1985.

① 요르단의 수도에서 4시간 떨어진 곳에 위치해 있다.

② 사암 절벽이 침입자들로부터 천연 보호막의 역할을 해준다.

③ 여러 문화의 영향을 받은 건축양식이 특징이다.

④ 19세기에 한 시인에 의해 재발견되었다.

⑤ 1985년에 유네스코 세계 문화유산으로 지정되었다.

11

주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?

These days, people are looking for more than sand and sea on their vacations. Ecotourism and adventure tourism have both become popular in recent years, but now another new type of travel has appeared.

(A) Supporters say that reality tourism is helping to spread international awareness about problems in poor countries. Others, however, say the trend simply turns people's real problems into a show for tourists.

(B) For instance, some reality tourists may take their holiday in Laos, where they will meet victims of landmines. Guatemala is another possible reality tourism destination, where visitors can learn about the country's history of political violence.

(C) It is called □reality tourism.□ Designed for people who want to learn while they travel, it teaches them about the political and social situations of the countries they visit.

① (A) ― (C) ― (B)	② (B) ― (A) ― (C)

③ (B) ― (C) ― (A)	④ (C) ― (A) ― (B)

⑤ (C) ― (B) ― (A)

12

(A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

The Reading Education Assistance Dogs (READ) project has found that dogs are perfect reading partners for young children. Parents and teachers can be scary reading partners because they notice every little error. But when dogs are reading partners, this is not the case. Reading to dogs (A) [help / helps] students improve their fluency and gives them more confidence. It has long been known (B) [that / which] dogs can provide comfort and companionship. While dogs have been used in nursing homes, hospitals, and prisons, this is the first time dogs have been used to help children become better readers. Teachers say that because of the dogs, their students are (C) [much / very] more motivated to read. Today there are thousands of READ teams working in countries all around the world.

(A)     (B)        (C)

① help	…… that	…… much

② help	…… which …… very

③ helps	…… which …… much

④ helps	…… that	…… very

⑤ helps	…… that  …… much

[13~14] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

Parents use numerous methods to teach their children the value of money. A New York father named David Owen has come up with an innovative one. He calls it the □First National Bank of Dad.□

At first, his □Dad Bank□ was relatively simple. The goal was to give his children a basic understanding of money. Owen introduced the concept of compound interest into his banking system to show his children that there is value in saving money, offering them interest rates of 5% a month. This novel way of providing his children with experience using money reflects real world use.

As his children got older, Owen had to make a few changes to his bank. Instead of having an interest rate of 5% a month, he had to lower it to 3% a month. This was to avoid losing too much money as his kids turned their focus toward saving money rather than spending it. Eventually, Owen even opened up the □Dad Stock Exchange.□ He made it possible for his children to buy shares of real companies, though he set prices at one hundredth of their actual cost.

Through saving money and trading stocks, Owen's children have developed a strong understanding of _________________. Owen's technique for teaching his children about money may not be ideal for every family. Nonetheless, his fake financial institution is a model that many other parents may find helpful.

*compound interest: 복리

13

윗글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① A Bank Owned and Run by Children

② A Gift for Dad: His Own Personal Bank

③ One Man's Trick for Saving Lots of Money

④ How a Family Worked Together to Get Rich

⑤ Economics Lessons That Are Fun and Creative

14

윗글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

① financial matters	② smart shopping

③ hard work	④ family relationships

⑤ personal responsibility

[15~17] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

(A) The plague had a major effect on the development of Western civilization. (a) It was an epidemic that changed the course of history. Although it was commonly believed that the plague was carried by mice, it is now known that (b) it was actually carried by fleas.

(B) Besides helping nations financially, this unexpected benefit also increased employment opportunities for those who managed to survive the plague. The demand for both workers and trade went up. What's more, as the merchant class continued to grow, (c) it led to a number of important discoveries in the next century. In a way, the plague indirectly helped fund Columbus's famous journey to the New World, and caused the Catholic Church to begin to break apart.

(C) Despite this information, it is still difficult for scientists and historians to determine exactly when the plague first came to Europe. The first record of (d) it appears in Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire, in 540, where it was known as the Justinian Plague. However, when most people think of the plague, they think of the Black Death, which killed a quarter of the population of Europe during the 14th century. Some countries lost as much as half of their population to this horrible epidemic.

*Black Death: 흑사병, 페스트

(D) Although this massive loss of life was a terrible tragedy, the plague did have an important positive effect on the continent of Europe. As strange as it seems, the economies of a number of European nations were actually boosted by the arrival of the plague. This is because people who got (e) it and knew that they were going to die were more likely to go out and spend all of their money. This resulted in the formation of a merchant middle class in Europe.

15

주어진 글 (A)에 이어질 내용을 순서에 맞게 배열한 것으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① (B) ― (D) ― (C)	② (C) ― (B) ― (D)

③ (C) ― (D) ― (B)	④ (D) ― (B) ― (C)

⑤ (D) ― (C) ― (B)

16

밑줄 친 (a) ~ (e) 중에서 의미하는 바가 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?

① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)

17

윗글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

① 페스트는 벼룩에 의해 전파되었다.

② 페스트로 인해 더 많은 일자리가 생겼다.

③ 페스트가 유럽에 처음 나타난 시기는 정확히 알 수 없다.

④ 유럽에 가장 먼저 등장한 것으로 기록된 페스트는 흑사병이다.

⑤ 페스트로 인해 유럽의 상인 중산층이 형성되었다.

03 영어독해 모의고사

01

밑줄 친 he[his]가 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?

Fifteen-year-old Evan Spindler lived with ① his family in London near the River Thames. One day ② he noticed a man in a wheelchair who seemed to be in trouble at the river's edge. The man was a frequent visitor to the riverbank, where he would feed the local ducks and geese. On this day, however, the water was higher than usual, and his wheelchair had slid into it. The freezing water was up to the man's lap, and he knew he could die if his wheelchair tipped over. Fortunately for him, Evan realized ③ he was in danger and took action. After telling a friend to call 911, ④ he ran across a bridge and down to the river. ⑤ He rescued the trapped man and stayed with him until the police and an ambulance arrived. Evan was later given an award for his bravery and quick thinking.

02

다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은?

In this climate of globalization, English has become a particularly important business language. Therefore, the demand for English teachers has risen sharply in the last decade. Businesses, governments, and schools all over the globe are searching for English speakers like you to teach conversational English. It is not necessary to have a teaching degree in order to find a job as an English teacher. All you need is the energy and willingness to immerse students in an English environment. If you have ever longed to travel, you might want to look into teaching English. It is an amazing way to experience another culture and to learn a new language yourself. For more information about the life of an English teacher and countries where you can find work, check out the resources at www.teachenglish.com.

① 직업 훈련 프로그램을 홍보하기 위해

② 교직 학위 이수에 대해 안내하기 위해

③ 영어 교사직에 지원할 것을 권유하기 위해

④ 여행을 통한 영어 습득의 효과를 소개하기 위해

⑤ 국제화 시대에 영어 학습의 필요성을 알리기 위해

03

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

More than a decade ago, the Danish island of Samso won an interesting government competition to become a model community for renewable energy usage. As the winner of the competition, Samso was expected ① to switch its energy supply to entirely renewable energy within 10 years. An island ② that had no traditional energy sources of its own, Samso was the perfect place to carry out an energy experiment of this sort. Now, 100% of the island's electricity ③ comes from wind power, and three-quarters of its heat comes from the sun and other natural sources. The island community is an excellent example of ④ what wind power can accomplish. With its energy ⑤ producing by wind turbines, Samso no longer creates any carbon dioxide  the main greenhouse gas.

[04~06] 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

04

By examining the tongue, traditional Chinese doctors can tell a lot about the health of an individual. In particular, they note its size, shape, and color, as well as its moistness or dryness. In addition to overall health, these features reveal to the doctor the state of the body's different organs. It is important to remember, however, that not all unusual tongue characteristics are ___________________________. For example, certain types of food and drink, like coffee, can change the color of the tongue. In addition, many people have tongues that are naturally dry and cracked. While severe cracking is interpreted by some doctors as a sign of trouble, others do not see this as a problem.

① signs of sickness

② evidence of anxiety

③ causes of bad breath

④ traits that are inherited

⑤ results of eating habits

05

Picture yourself in this situation: someone stops you on the street and starts talking to you. You know this person, but you simply can't remember his name! For the rest of the day, you can't stop thinking about it. What was his name? That night, as you're relaxing on the couch, it finally hits you. His name is Mark! This is known as an □Aha!□ moment. Scientists have been studying the relationship between memory, mental blocks, and the □Aha!□ moments that follow. What they have found is that the best way to remember something when you have a mental block is ___________________________! Focusing too closely on the fact you're trying to recall doesn't work. Instead, it's necessary to relax, think about something else, and allow the mind to arrive at the answer on its own.

*mental block: (감정적 요인에 의한) 생각이나 기억의 차단

① to ask for help

② to get some sleep

③ to just forget about it

④ to concentrate harder

⑤ to simply keep trying

06

People who take boat rides often experience seasickness, which is caused by a conflict between the senses. Inside your inner ear is a structure filled with fluid. The disturbance of this fluid that results from the boat's rocking tells your brain that movement is taking place. Your eyes, on the other hand, tell your brain that you are not moving. This conflicting information prevents your brain from stabilizing your body. As a result, it causes your body to be __________________________, which can lead to dizziness and nausea. These symptoms of seasickness can be made more extreme if you have recently eaten a lot of greasy foods, or, conversely, if you are traveling on an empty stomach. Being tired and thirsty can also make seasickness more intense. Make sure to drink plenty of water and eat healthily before and during any boat ride.

*inner ear: 내이(內耳)

① out of balance

② easily damaged

③ strangely peaceful

④ temporarily paralyzed

⑤ in an uncomfortable position

07

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

Vehicle black boxes are specially designed cameras placed on automobiles. In case of a collision or other accident, the camera ① captures crucial video images and records data such as vehicle speed before, during, and after the event. This technology offers several ② benefits. For example, it can make reckless drivers think twice before ③ breaking traffic rules. Additionally, a driver who is not at fault in an accident can use the black box to prove his or her ④ guilt. And finally, just as aircraft black boxes do, those in cars can help investigators who are looking into a crash. The information they ⑤ contain can provide the answers sought by insurance agents, lawyers, and police officers following an accident.

08

다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

By drinking soft drinks and other sugary beverages with a straw, it is possible to reduce your risk of cavities. A recent study looked at a group of people and examined how they drink soda. It found a relationship between drinking method and the location and severity of tooth decay.      (A)     , people who drink straight from the can experience more decay in the back molars, because the liquid tends to gather in the back of the mouth. Those who sip from a straw placed in the front of the mouth suffer from decay in the front teeth.      (B)     , the best way to drink soft drinks is to use a straw positioned toward the back of the mouth. This limits the amount of contact between the liquid and the teeth, sending it straight down the throat instead.

*molar: 어금니

(A)	(B)

① For example……	Otherwise

② In contrast	……	However

③ In addition	……	Therefore

④ In addition	……	However

⑤ For example……	Therefore

09

다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

The government-run Seoul Arts Center hosts dozens of musical performances each year and is the best concert hall in all of Seoul. Yet only certain types of music are allowed to be played there. Classical, jazz, and opera concerts are featured, while pop, rock, and rap groups are prohibited from performing. Government officials claim these kinds of music are too loud and energetic, and that the performers could easily damage the facilities at the Arts Center. Residents of Seoul, though, do not agree. In a recent survey, over 70% of adults expressed the opinion that popular music groups should be allowed to appear at Seoul Arts Center. These are the people who buy tickets, so their wishes should be respected.

① 서울 아트센터 입장료를 인하해야 한다.

② 다양한 음악적 취향이 존중되어야 한다.

③ 서울 시민들은 더 많은 공연장을 원한다.

④ 대중음악 공연장에 대한 설비 투자가 늘어나야 한다.

⑤ 대중음악 그룹들의 서울 아트센터 공연이 허용되어야 한다.

10

다음 글에 드러난 필자의 심경 변화로 가장 적절한 것은?

I could feel my heart beating as the professor confidently entered the room. From the opposite side of the room, he began to hand back our tests. I watched as each piece of paper was placed onto the top of each desk. Hoping to receive a clue about my success or failure, I observed him carefully. Finally, he arrived at my desk. My body temperature rose so high that I could feel the warmth overtake my face. My eyes widened like those of a caged animal alerted to danger. Then I saw □82 percent  Good!□ written across the top of my test. I felt as if the air had been let out of a fully blown-up balloon  relaxed until next time.

① peaceful → lively

② nervous → relieved

③ threatened → angry

④ comfortable → lonely

⑤ disappointed → excited

11

주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?

Second-hand smoke is a well-known danger, but recent studies have shown that cigarettes can continue to cause harm long after they are put out  a phenomenon referred to as □third-hand smoke.□

(A) These toxic particles are particularly harmful to children, who tend to crawl and play on surfaces that are most likely to be contaminated by cigarette smoke, such as carpets.

(B) Therefore, some scientists suggest the introduction of smoking restrictions that protect all locations where children are commonly present.

(C) When it is smoked, tobacco gives off toxic particles, and these can remain on your clothes, in your hair, and in the surrounding environment even after the smoke vanishes.

① (A) ― (C) ― (B)	② (B) ― (A) ― (C)

③ (B) ― (C) ― (A)	④ (C) ― (A) ― (B)

⑤ (C) ― (B) ― (A)

[12~13] 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

12

From the outside it seems like any other high school, but once you walk through the doors you'll hardly be able to believe your eyes. On one side of the hallway are a sweet-smelling flower shop and a bank; on the other are a restaurant with fancy lighting and a woodworking shop. The students of Brattleboro High School run each of these □businesses,□ among others. They're part of a vocational training program for young adults who choose to enter the working world instead of going to college. Although the students receive no money, they do get valuable real-world business experience. They work regular shifts at each of the school's businesses and handle all the day-to-day operations. In addition, the program includes classroom instruction in everything from secretarial work to computing.

① working in a shop for school credit

② ways for students to earn extra money

③ student-run businesses in a high school

④ hiring high school students for a business

⑤ the growth of college business programs

13

You do not have to be too concerned about levels of formality since most of the spoken English we use is rather neutral; that is, it's neither formal nor informal. Nevertheless, you need to be aware that certain expressions and forms of address can give the language a more formal or informal tone. For instance, □No way□ is much more informal than □Certainly not,□ and □Hi□ is more informal than □Good morning.□ And once you become familiar with informal greetings such as □What's happening?□ and □How's it going?□ you may sometimes choose to use them with your peers. However, it would be inappropriate to use them with your teachers.

① the neutrality of English

② the formality of written language

③ improper usage of spoken language

④ the proper use of formality in spoken English

⑤ the difference between spoken and written English

14

Turtle Bay Shuttle에 관한 다음의 안내문의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

Turtle Bay Shuttle  Just $15 per Passenger

Beautiful Turtle Bay, one of the most popular tourist sites on Lava Island, has been a national conservation area since 1974. Visitors come from around the world to swim with sea turtles and snorkel through the bay's coral reefs. Please remember, however, that it is against the law to touch the turtles or any living coral.

We provide pick-up and drop-off service from every major hotel on the island.

Your ticket package includes:

Round-trip transportation

A guided audio tour

A mask, fins and snorkel

A short snorkeling lesson

The entire trip lasts approximately 4 hours.

Shuttles leave every two hours, starting at 8 am and ending at 4 pm.

For more information or to book your tickets, please visit our website at www.turtlebus.net.

① 섬의 주요 호텔에 정차한다.

② 스노쿨링 장비와 강습을 제공한다.

③ 산호 채취 체험을 포함한다.

④ 마지막 셔틀 버스는 오후 4시에 출발한다.

⑤ 티켓은 온라인을 통해 예매할 수 있다.

15

Wailing Wall에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하는 것은?

The □Wailing Wall,□ or □Western Wall,□ is the last remaining piece of the ancient Temple of Jerusalem. Standing next to Jerusalem's Temple of the Mount, it is considered the holiest site of Judaism. Jews from throughout the world come here to pray, following a tradition that goes back to 200 or 300 AD. Since that time, Jewish religious leaders have claimed that God's presence can be felt at the wall. Many who come here to pray also cry or wail over the loss of the old temple, which is what gives the Wailing Wall its name. For centuries, this area of Jerusalem has been at the center of violent struggles between Jews and Muslims. Today, Israel maintains control, a result of the 1967 war in which it defeated several neighboring Arab countries.

*wail: 통곡하다

① 현존하는 고대 예루살렘 성전의 여러 유적지 중 하나이다.

② 유대인들은 전통에 따라 기도를 하기 위해 이곳을 찾는다.

③ 유대교 지도자들이 죽으면 묻히는 장소이다.

④ 유대인과 무슬림들의 교류의 중심지였다.

⑤ 오늘날 아랍 국가들이 통제권을 가지고 있다.

[16~17] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

It may sound surprising, but people who are kind to others tend to be healthier and live longer. Studies have shown that people who help others through regular volunteer work have fewer serious health issues and are less likely to suffer from depression. Part of this may be due to something that is known as a □helper's high.□

This phenomenon, as discussed in the book The Healing Power of Doing Good, is a sudden increase in energy and feelings of intense happiness that people sometimes experience after doing volunteer work. It has been compared to a □runner's high,□ a similar feeling that athletes sometimes get when running long distances. More than 3,000 volunteers were interviewed by the authors of the book, and they reported that this feeling lasted several weeks and improved their lives in a number of different ways. What's more, they said that this feeling actually returned every time they thought back on their volunteer experience. In fact, 90 percent of the people interviewed believed that volunteering helped relieve not only stress but also other problems, such as physical pain and insomnia.

We've always known that volunteer work improves the lives of people in need. Now, however, it is clear that performing acts of _______________ is also beneficial to both the health and well-being of the volunteers themselves. If you don't already donate your time to an important cause, you now have another good reason to do so!

16

윗글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① Health Tips for Volunteers

② Athletes and Runner's High

③ Dealing with Physical Stress

④ Do Good, Live a Healthy Life

⑤ Help Yourself before Helping Others

17

윗글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

① hostility ② sacrifice

③ exercise ④ violence

⑤ kindness

04 영어독해 모의고사

01

peaberry에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

Coffee beans are seeds that grow inside a coffee plant's fruit, known as a cherry. Normally, two beans are found inside each cherry. However, about 5% of the time there is only one bean. When this happens, it is called a □peaberry.□ Peaberries are smaller and denser than normal coffee beans. Many people find coffee made from peaberries to be sweeter and more flavorful. But peaberries aren't easy to sort. The problem is that there is no way to tell which cherries contain peaberries just by looking at them. Because of this, they are usually sold mixed in with other coffee beans. Some coffee growers will remove peaberries by hand and sell them separately. However, because of the extra labor required, they are quite expensive.

① 커피콩 수확량의 약 5퍼센트를 차지한다.

② 일반 커피콩보다 크기가 더 작다.

③ 어느 체리 안에 들어있는지 육안으로 식별이 가능하다.

④ 보통 다른 커피콩과 섞여서 판매된다.

⑤ 수확 시 필요한 노동력 때문에 가격이 비싸다.

02

sign languages에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

Sign languages can have a variety of components including hand shapes, movements and facial expressions. However, there are some common misbeliefs about sign languages, such as that they are just another way of expressing spoken languages. But the reality is that sign languages exist independently. For example, people from the U.S. and the U.K. both speak English. Deaf people from these two nations, however, have entirely different sign languages. Also, when it comes to grammar, the sign language and spoken language of a particular region don't always resemble each other. In fact, the grammar of the sign language used in U.S. has more in common with Japanese than English. Finally, words in sign languages are not necessarily visual representations of what they mean  the sign for □run,□ for example, may not involve a movement that looks like running.

① 손의 모양과 움직임, 얼굴 표정을 포함한다.

② 음성 언어를 다른 방식으로 표현한 것이다.

③ 같은 영어권 국가에서도 차이가 있다.

④ 항상 음성 언어와 동일한 문법을 사용하지는 않는다.

⑤ 단어의 뜻을 항상 시각화하는 것은 아니다.

03

다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은?

After reading many positive reviews online, my husband and I decided to stay at your resort for our wedding anniversary. Overall, we were quite satisfied. Your resort is beautiful, and our room had everything we needed for an enjoyable stay. Unfortunately, there was one issue that really bothered us. Despite the clearly posted rules about proper behavior, there were people at the swimming pool who were shouting loudly and playing music on their radio. But they weren't the real problem. Even though we explained the situation, your staff made no effort to quiet them down or make them obey the rules. Finally, we simply gave up and went back to our room. What is the point of having rules if you're not going to make all of the guests follow them? We paid a lot of money to stay at your resort, but we don't feel like we were treated fairly.

① 리조트의 직원들에 대해 불평하려고

② 리조트 이용 규칙 제정을 요구하려고

③ 리조트에 수영장 시설을 추천하려고

④ 리조트에 숙박비 전액 환급을 요청하려고

⑤ 리조트의 시설 이용에 대해 문의하려고

04

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

It takes a lot of energy ① to keep city buildings cool, and more energy use means more global warming. It's time to reconsider ② how we cool our buildings. As the sun shines on traditional roofs, heat is absorbed and transferred to the inside of the building. If that absorption were lessened or prevented, less energy would be required to cool the structure. The best way to do this is ③ to plant a rooftop garden. The plants in the garden use the sun's light to grow while also preventing it from ④ heating up the building. If all of the office buildings in the city had rooftop gardens, our total energy consumption ⑤ would have dropped by a large amount.

05

다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?

In an attempt to make packaging less harmful to the environment, one company has created a new green packaging material that looks like plastic but turns into compost once it's thrown away. ① Some grocery stores are already using the material to package their products, and customers are encouraged to return the packaging to the stores later. ② From there, it is shipped to a recycling facility and processed into organic soil. ③ One current drawback is that this material is much more expensive than traditional plastics, but its cost should come down soon. ④ Plastic substitutes had also been used in products such as mattresses, rugs, and pillows to help the environment. ⑤ When it does, experts believe green packaging production will become a major industry in the U.S.

06

밑줄 친 he[him]가 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?

Kublai Khan was a Mongolian leader who conquered China and successfully established the Yuan Dynasty. ① He focused on building up his empire, leading to numerous developments in Chinese culture. Religious freedom was created, along with aid agencies, paper money, and better roads and waterways. ② He also moved the winter capital from Mongolia to Beijing and built the summer capital in Shangdu, known in Europe as Xanadu. Kublai Khan first became widely known to Westerners when Marco Polo, a famous merchant traveler, met ③ him in 1275. ④ He spent the next 17 years writing reports on the empire, which created European interest in exploring the Eastern world. Kublai's Mongolian dynasty lost control after ⑤ he died in 1294, and was eventually forced out of power. Despite this, Kublai Khan had a powerful impact on China, creating a legend that is still remembered today.

[07~08] 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

07

Many UK companies have recently introduced □email-free Fridays□ in order to ________________________________. Email is the most common form of communication in offices, but it has several downsides. People send a lot of unnecessary information by email, which takes up space on servers and wastes others' time. This has the result of lowering productivity in the office. But most importantly, email reduces the amount of time employees spend face to face with each other. Communicating in person is known to be more effective than communicating by email. With email-free Fridays, companies hope to remind workers of this fact. Without email, they have to find a different way to communicate.

① hire more qualified workers

② increase space on their email servers

③ encourage more direct employee interaction

④ spend less money on unnecessary equipment

⑤ introduce improved communication programs

08

One Philadelphia school district is making an interesting proposal. It wants to begin giving report cards to students' parents, grading ______________________________ in their children's education. The district hopes this will encourage parents to take on larger roles in the education of their children, because this has been shown to have a great effect on a child's academic performance. Several factors will be included in deciding a parent's grade. These include the health and appearance of the student, parents' participation in monthly parent-teacher meetings, and their ability to sign and return permission forms on time. Along with a grade, parents will be reminded of the role they play in their children's educational progress.

① the degree of understanding

② the household rules provided

③ the personal goals that are set

④ the amount of money invested

⑤ the extent of their involvement

09

다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

In the near future, there will be numerous cars on our roads without human drivers. While these robotic vehicles can be very useful, they can also create problems. Driving on the highway, we always face the possibility of needing to make a life-or-death choice. For example, should a driverless car avoid hitting a dog even if it means crashing into another car? Do we really trust robots to make this kind of decision? These kinds of questions have created a new field known as □machine ethics.□ The goal is to give machines the ability to make important decisions, recognizing right from wrong. There is also the need to create laws to handle situations in which driverless cars cause accidents, injuries or even deaths. It is clear that a new set of rules will be required to deal with this latest technological advance.

① 새로운 교통법이 많은 문제를 야기하고 있다.

② 기계는 인간보다 더 빨리 결정을 내릴 수 있다.

③ 무인 자동차는 인간의 삶의 질을 높이고 있다.

④ 로봇을 통해 더 안전하게 고속도로를 운전할 수 있다.

⑤ 무인 자동차는 사회에 새로운 윤리적 문제들을 제기하고 있다.

10

다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

In Japan, the birth rate has been going down for several years. One cause of this is that working mothers don't have proper options for childcare. This makes them choose not to have children. In response to this problem, the Japanese government is starting a program to turn older retired people into childcare workers. People who have had professional experience working with children, such as teachers, nurses, and social workers, are preferred. The program will be carried out by the Welfare Ministry. They are encouraging the country's employment centers to recruit elderly people for this task. Hopefully, the program will have a double benefit  retired people will have a new source of income, and working mothers will be able to have children.

① increasing welfare support for the elderly

② improving the health of Japanese children

③ creating a new government agency in Japan

④ encouraging mothers to become professionals

⑤ recruiting retired people to help working moms

11

다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

The levels of multistory parking garages all look the same. Yes, there are numbers to distinguish each floor, but if you're in a hurry it's easy to forget to take note of the number. Like many people, I often find myself unable to remember which level I parked my car on. So I propose that each level be distinguished by a unique color. There could be colors on the elevator buttons, too. This will make it easier for people to remember which level they parked on. It takes a lot less effort to notice the color of your surroundings than to remember to look for a number.

① 주차 공간 부족 문제를 해결하자.

② 다양한 색과 디자인의 주차장을 만들자.

③ 자신이 주차한 곳의 위치를 반드시 확인하자.

④ 주차장을 층별로 구별하기 쉽게 색을 이용하자.

⑤ 주차 시 차에 두고 내리는 물건이 없는지 확인하자.

12

다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

A new study suggests that reducing your calorie intake may help you live longer. A low-calorie diet actually seems to reduce the effects of getting older. Participants in the study stopped eating sweets, soft drinks, and processed foods in order to reduce their calorie intake. This way, every calorie they consumed was nutritious. They ate about 1,600 calories per day. Over a period of seven years, they each lost more than 20 kilograms. Moreover, their blood pressure, blood fats, and insulin levels were like those of a young person. Normally, the heart gets stiffer with age. But the participants avoided excess fat, which helps create the tissue that stiffens the heart. The study showed that people who consumed fewer calories had hearts that were as flexible as those of people 10 to 15 years younger.

① Fat Ages Our Bodies

② Hearts Grow Old Too

③ Less Calories, Longer Life

④ Cut Calories to Cut Blood Pressure

⑤ Nutritious Diet Prevents Heart Disease

13

글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?

These issues have become so severe that they have started attracting international attention.

Thailand was one of many developing countries to enter the shrimp market a few decades ago, and since then it has become the world's top exporter of farmed shrimp. (①) Over 90% of this shrimp is shipped to the U.S., Japan, and the European Union. (②) Unfortunately, the increase in shrimp farming has created some major environmental problems in Thailand. (③) For instance, a U.S. group supporting the protection of mangrove forests is trying to convince consumers to stop buying Thai shrimp. (④) They are trying to raise awareness of the damage caused to mangroves by shrimp farming. (⑤) Some experts estimate that over half the country's mangrove forests have already been ruined by the farms.

*mangrove forest: 홍수림

[14~16] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

(A) Neil Harbisson is a British artist and composer who was raised in the Catalonia region of Spain. He was born with an unusual condition that allows him to only see black, white and various shades of gray. As a child, his doctors informed (a) him that there was no cure. Despite this, at the age of 16, he decided to study art, in the hopes of understanding colors better.

(B) Now, as long as (b) he wears the device, Harbisson can exist in a world where colors can be heard. Nicknamed the □eyeborg,□ the device is worn on the head, with a small camera hanging above one eye. The camera detects light waves, which are changed into sound by a chip in the rear of the device. Harbisson can hear the sounds through the bone of his skull. Different notes represent different colors  a C, for example, represents blue, while an F represents red. Harbisson can hear 360 different colors, more than the human eye can see. □It has completely changed the way I perceive art,□ he said.

(C) However, going through life with a strange device strapped to his head isn't always easy. People often view him with suspicion, and he has been kept out of some public places because of the eyeborg. He was once even attacked by a police officer during a protest. Thinking he was secretly filming (c) him, the officer tried to pull the eyeborg off of Harbisson's head, causing damage to it. Despite these problems, (d) he is very happy with the device and expects it to continue to evolve.

(D) While in university, he attended a lecture on cybernetics. Afterward, he approached the speaker and asked about the possibility of creating a device that would allow (e) him to see colors. Eventually, using a webcam, a computer and headphones, the speaker created a device that could translate colors into different sounds. Although he suffered from headaches at first, Harbisson's brain adapted to the system after about five weeks.

*cybernetics: 인공두뇌학

14

주어진 글 (A)에 이어질 내용을 순서에 맞게 배열한 것으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① (B) (D) (C)	② (C) (B) (D)

③ (C) (D) (B)	④ (D) (B) (C)

⑤ (D) (C) (B)

15

밑줄 친 (a) ~ (e) 중에서 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?

① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)

16

윗글의 Neil Harbisson에 관한 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

① 치료법이 없는 희귀병을 갖고 태어났다.

② 10대에 미술을 공부하기로 결심했다.

③ eyeborg라는 기구를 통해 색을 인식한다.

④ eyeborg를 오해한 경찰로부터 공격을 받았다.

⑤ 대학 재학 중 직접 eyeborg를 만들었다.

05 영어독해 모의고사

01

다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Elderly people from ethnic minorities in the U.S. are facing many problems. They often lack money, housing, appropriate medical care and educational opportunities. Unfortunately, these problems are likely to be even more extreme for immigrants who do not speak English very well or have a different cultural background. For example, immigrants from Latin America or Asia could have trouble accessing basic resources for themselves or their families in a reasonable amount of time. Elderly minorities also have shorter life expectancies and experience more serious health problems than other Americans. As minority populations in the U.S. continue to grow at increasing rates, these problems are likely to become an even more serious issue.

① The Growth of Minorities in the U.S.

② A New Perspective on Minority Groups

③ Problems Caused by Illegal Immigration

④ Cultural Differences among Minority Groups

⑤ Challenges Faced by Older Minorities in the U.S.

02

다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은?

This year, we are organizing a train journey from Europe to an environmental convention in Korea. Unfortunately, if you fly to the conference, you'll be generating the greenhouse gas emissions that we are trying to reduce. But if you take the train, you will be creating about one third of the CO2 emissions of an airline passenger. The trip from Europe to Korea will take about two weeks. We think it will be a great way for us to publicize the convention in the weeks before it starts. Plus, we will be able to meet scientists and activists in the countries along the route. We already have 30 people from seven countries signed up for the trip. If you are interested in participating, please call us right away.

① 유럽 횡단 기차 여행을 광고하려고

② 대기 오염의 심각성을 환기시키려고

③ 기차 여행과 비행기 여행의 장단점을 비교하려고

④ 환경 회의 참가를 위해 기차로 이동할 것을 권유하려고

⑤ 온실가스 방출의 실태를 알리고 그 해결책을 모색하려고

03

밑줄 친 It[it]이 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?

A vocation vacation is a special kind of holiday that allows people to test out a dream job for two or three days. ① It lets people get a feel for what their dream career would really be like. In some cases, ② it may reveal that what you thought was your dream job actually is not. Even if this turns out to be the case, at least ③ it helps you narrow down your options. Really, there is very little to lose by taking a vocation vacation, as you will still have your existing job to go back to when ④ it is over. And the benefits are obvious: You can look for and try out a career that might suit you better than your current job. If you are looking for happiness, a vocation vacation might help you find ⑤ it.

*vocation vacation: 꿈나래 휴가(천직 찾기 휴가)

[04~05] 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

04

Putting a ping-pong table in the break room at work can help lower employees' stress. It also allows them to get exercise and may make them more alert. A number of companies have already started using ping-pong tables. Microsoft and Boeing have found that the tables are good for giving employees a break from working on their computers all day. The tables help prevent eye strain and wrist injuries. In addition, players can burn calories and get a healthy workout. Even more importantly, the game can keep the mind sharp. Studies show that fast decision making, like the kind required in ping-pong, can improve spatial awareness and IQ.

① how to increase worker productivity

② the advantages of learning to play ping-pong

③ reasons why breaks are essential for employees

④ the benefits of a ping-pong table in the workplace

⑤ preventing common workplace injuries with exercise

05

In the near future, the paint that covers your car may be able to repair itself. Researchers with the University of Southern Mississippi have developed a special polyurethane coating that has the ability to □heal□ on its own with the help of sunlight. Ultraviolet radiation from the sun causes a chemical reaction in the material that repairs damage when it is scratched. A specific natural substance found in crab and shrimp shells is behind the technology. It spreads across the scratch in order to repair damage. The researchers believe that their healing material could be used for more than just auto paint. It could be used for packaging, clothing, and medical technology as well.

*ultraviolet radiation: 자외선

① new uses of traditional paint

② a substance that can help heal the sick

③ a self-repairing polyurethane material

④ advancements in automobile technology

⑤ application of natural substance to treatment

[06~08] 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

06

Do you talk in a low voice on the phone to avoid disturbing your coworkers in the office? Do you worry that your cough will disrupt the work of those around you? If so, you might be experiencing □pin-drop syndrome.□ This occurs when there is _________________________________ in an office, and it causes employees to worry about making even the softest of noises. Experts say the pin-drop syndrome is responsible for more and more stress in offices these days. Anyone who works in an office with a noise level below 20 decibels could be suffering from this syndrome. Some people actually suggest installing a noise machine which includes the sound of voices and laughter. This is an effective way to avoid the effects of the pin-drop syndrome.

① repetitive noise

② a large workload

③ extreme quietness

④ an important guest

⑤ electronic machinery

07

In Los Angeles, the public health department has been using a rating system for _________________________ for more than five years. Department inspectors make surprise visits to city restaurants and give each one a score out of 100 points. A restaurant can lose points for things like hair found in food, flies in the kitchen, and staff that do not wash their hands or wear inappropriate clothing. Once the score is given, it must be posted inside the restaurant so all customers can see it. This lets diners make better decisions about where they eat. The department is happy with the results of the program so far. Since it began, the percentage of restaurants receiving the highest possible score has increased from just 52 to 83.

① the city's food options

② the service of restaurants

③ the quality of local produce

④ the cleanliness of restaurants

⑤ the performance of Public Health employees

08

Not everyone believes technology will make the world a better place. Neo-Luddism is a movement that warns against the rapid pace of change caused by technological development. Most neo-Luddites admit that new technology brings benefits to individuals, but they believe that it tends to have greater negative effects on society as a whole. One example would be genetic engineering: While many people are excited by the health benefits this could bring, neo-Luddites worry about the side effects of changing the genes of unborn children to create □perfect□ sons and daughters. The ultimate goal of neo-Luddites is not to return society to a time before computers and robots. Instead, they aim to build awareness of potential dangers and to encourage people to _________________________. It is their belief that this is necessary to prevent serious negative impacts on both individuals and society.

*Neo-Luddism: 신(新) 러다이트 운동

① use more traditional methods

② increase the benefits of technology

③ create genetically perfect humans in the future

④ accelerate the speed of technological development

⑤ carefully consider new technology before accepting it

09

ambergris에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

One of the ingredients of fine perfumes is a waxy substance called ambergris, which can cost as much as $10,000 per pound. Ambergris is expensive because it is only made in the digestive organs of sperm whales. Experts believe that sperm whales cannot digest some things, such as squid beaks. Squid beaks in the digestive organs are eventually released when the whales discharge body waste. Right after the whale releases the ambergris, it is a black, sticky substance floating on the ocean. Over time, it becomes light and waxy as it is exposed to sunlight, air and salt water. During this process, its odor also disappears. Some of this ambergris eventually floats up onto beaches in pieces of many shapes and sizes. Since it is known to retain scent, ambergris is of great value to the perfume industry.

*sperm whale: 향유고래

① 향유고래의 소화기관에서 생성된다.

② 소화하지 못한 음식의 배설물이다.

③ 햇빛과 공기에 노출되면서 점점 색이 밝아진다.

④ 다양한 형태로 해변가에 떠밀려 오기도 한다.

⑤ 특유의 향 때문에 향수 산업에서의 가치가 높다.

10

Harry Houdini에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하는 것은?

Harry Houdini was the stage name of Ehrich Weiss, born in 1874 in Budapest, Hungary. His family moved to the United States when he was 4 years old. Ehrich Weiss loved to read about magic. After reading an autobiography of the famous magician Robert Houdin, Ehrich Weiss changed his stage name to Harry Houdini. As a teenager, Harry began performing magic tricks. At first, his shows mostly consisted of card tricks. He performed with a friend, and later with his younger brother, referring to the act as the Houdini Brothers. Later, Harry's focus changed, and he began to perform escape acts. In fact, he became known more for being an escape artist than a traditional magician. Throughout his career, he escaped from all sorts of restraints, including handcuffs and jail cells. Because of his amazing abilities, his fame quickly grew both in the United States and Europe.

① Harry Houdini가 본명이다.

② Robert Houdin으로부터 마술을 배웠다.

③ 초기에는 주로 카드를 이용한 마술을 했다.

④ 친구와 함께 Houdini Brothers라는 공연 그룹을 만들었다.

⑤ 탈출 마술보다는 전통적인 마술 공연으로 유명해졌다.

11

주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?

In the waters of the Arctic Ocean lives a whale with a long tusk.

(A) The 8-foot-long tusk, which most male narwhals and a few females have, acts like an antenna. The tusk is covered in millions of tiny nerves, which are connected to the brain by one large central nerve.

(B) For centuries, people have wondered what this whale, known as a narwhal, uses its strange tusk for. It was only recently that scientists were able to shine some light on the mystery.

(C) These nerves make the tusk sensitive to changes in temperature, pressure, and the water's salt level. The narwhal can even detect tiny particles in the water that tell it what kinds of fish are swimming nearby.

*tusk: 엄니 **narwhal: 일각돌고래

① (A) ― (C) ― (B)	② (B) ― (A) ― (C)

③ (B) ― (C) ― (A)	④ (C) ― (A) ― (B)

⑤ (C) ― (B) ― (A)

12

글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?

This referred to a kind of sauce made from fish, herbs and spices.

Throughout history, people from distant lands have interacted with one another. In the process, both words and recipes have been borrowed from one culture and adapted to fit another. (①) Take, for example, the case of ketchup. The word itself is believed to have come from the Malay word kechap. (②) British traders brought it back to their hometowns, where local ingredients, such as mushrooms and walnuts, were used in place of the original ones. (③) Accordingly, the word □ketchup□ was only a general term for a variety of sauces in Malay and English. (④) In the mid-19th century, tomatoes became the main ingredient, and modern ketchup was born. (⑤) As a result, the thick red sauce that we put on our French fries is what people think of when they hear the word □ketchup□ today.

13

다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

Refugees are people who are forced to leave their homes, usually due to war. But these days there is a new kind of refugee  environmental refugees. In Eastern Africa, for example, a man named Ahmed has spent his entire life herding animals. Unfortunately, 90% of his animals have died due to a terrible drought. He finally had to move to a nearby village, where he struggles to survive. It is estimated that more than 700,000 people have become environmental refugees due to this drought alone. Even worse, scientists believe that by the year 2050, between 50 and 200 million people around the world will lose their homes due to climate change. Sadly, environmental refugees are not protected by the same laws as other refugees. Instead, they are simply considered immigrants. These laws must be changed to include environmental refugees so that they can receive the help they desperately need.

① 집을 잃은 난민들을 위해 환경을 보호해야 한다.

② 가축을 키울 때는 환경적 요인을 고려해야 한다.

③ 이민자와 난민을 구분해서 법을 적용해야 한다.

④ 미래의 기후 변화를 예측해서 환경 난민을 줄여야 한다.

⑤ 환경난민도 난민으로서 보호받도록 법을 개정해야 한다.

14

다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Before long, community members living on a small Scottish island will have the chance to ride the world's first wave-powered bus. All of the bus's fuel and energy needs will be met by technologies that transform the force of ocean waves into usable energy. The bus will be used for local transport on the island and will have practically no environmental impact.      (A)     , the cost of operating the bus with renewable energy is less than that of the average diesel minibus, providing a financial benefit as well as an ecological one. Though the bus will only be able to travel about 40 miles per day at a maximum speed of 30 mph, this is sufficient for the needs of a small Scottish island.      (B)     , it is hoped that neighboring islands will implement similar programs in the near future.

(A)                    (B)

① However	……	Therefore

② Then	……	In addition

③ Similarly	……	However

④ Moreover	……	Therefore

⑤ For example	……	In addition

[15~16] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

One company in Seattle has instituted a new and unusual method for approving employees' pay raises. How it works is like this: all of the production workers at the company start out with the same salary and receive a raise during their first six months of employment. You may be thinking that the plan sounds normal enough so far, but it is after the initial six-month period that the method begins.

After the first six months, there are no longer any automatic pay raises. Instead, workers who believe they are deserving of a higher salary must submit a petition to their manager, indicating what they want their wages to be and describing why they deserve to be paid more. Next, the proposal and a picture of the employee are posted publicly for a week.

At this point, the employee's coworkers have the opportunity to review the proposal. Then, at the end of the week, coworkers actually vote on whether or not to approve the pay increase. If the proposal receives a majority vote, it is officially accepted. So far, the acceptance rate of raise requests is around 95 percent.

Although managers reserve the right to reject any request, they have never had to. The peer approval process seems to keep employees from submitting ridiculous or undeserving requests. In addition, since employees know that they will be _______________ by their peers, they always work their hardest, even when the boss is not around. In this way, the plan actually increases productivity.

15

윗글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① How to Request a Larger Salary

② The Role of Peers in Promotions

③ A New Way of Approving Pay Raises

④ Employees' Right to Strike for Higher Wages

⑤ Improving Staff Productivity through Peer Monitoring

16

윗글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

① criticized	② encouraged

③ manipulated	④ praised

⑤ evaluated

06 영어독해 모의고사

01

Diego Velazquez에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

The 17th-century Spanish artist Diego Velazquez was the top painter in the court of King Philip IV. He painted in the dramatic and detailed Baroque style. While he painted numerous historically and culturally important scenes, he was best known for his portraits. Dozens of portraits of Philip were painted by Velazquez, as well as images of the rest of the royal family and common people. Up until the 19th century, Velazquez was not well known outside of Spain. But in the 19th century, realist and impressionist painters began to model their work after his. Modern artists like Pablo Picasso, Salvador Dali, and Francis Bacon have all expressed their admiration of Velazquez.

① 17세기 스페인의 궁중 화가였다.

② 바로크 양식의 극적인 그림들을 그렸다.

③ 왕과 왕실 가족만을 대상으로 초상화를 그렸다.

④ 19세기 이전에는 스페인 외부에 잘 알려지지 않았다.

⑤ 19세기 사실주의와 인상주의 화가들의 작품에 영향을 주었다.

02

freegan에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하는 것은?

Each night, thousands of pounds of garbage are set on sidewalks in front of stores, restaurants, and homes in Manhattan. As soon as this happens, a small group of people that call themselves □freegans□ arrive. They sort through the garbage and take leftover food and other products that they can use. Most freegans are not homeless, and they have jobs. They don't eat out of the garbage because they have to, but rather as a rejection of capitalism. Taking things from other people's waste allows them to avoid buying things themselves. It's also a protest against the waste, overproduction, and overconsumption of our culture. Freegans see these things as causes of all the world's problems, from starvation to global warming.

① 불법 쓰레기 투기에 항의한다.

② 대부분 직업과 집이 없는 노숙자들이다.

③ 먹을 것이 없어 쓰레기를 뒤져 음식물을 얻는다.

④ 과잉 생산, 과소비와 같은 자본주의의 폐해에 저항한다.

⑤ 기아와 지구 온난화 문제의 원인이 되고 있다.

[03~04] 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

03

A study of more than 34,000 workers has shown that having a long commute can lead to poor health and low productivity in the workplace. According to the study, people with a daily commute of less than 30 minutes have seven more days of productive work time per year than people with a commute of 60 minutes or more. What's more, workers with long commutes were shown to be 33% more likely to experience depression. According to the researchers, the best way for companies to deal with this problem is by offering their employees flexible work hours. They say that workers who have the ability to adjust their schedule are more productive and less likely to become depressed. Interestingly, the study showed that these benefits are not enjoyed by workers who have the option to work from home but are not given flexible hours.

① 재택근무제는 근로자의 건강과 생산성을 증진시킨다.

② 대부분의 근로자들은 일정을 스스로 관리하기를 원한다.

③ 장거리 통근은 근로자의 건강에 부정적인 영향을 미친다.

④ 유연근무제는 장거리 통근의 부정적인 영향들을 줄일 수 있다.

⑤ 통근 거리와 근로자의 생산성에는 직접적인 연관 관계가 없다.

04

Emotions affect our spending habits. The results of a study show that sadness in particular may cause us to spend more money when we shop. Researchers conducted an experiment in which they showed a group of participants a video that caused sadness. Other participants watched a video that was emotionally neutral. Afterwards, the people who had watched the sad video were willing to pay four times more for a bottle of water than those who had watched the neutral video. According to the researchers, this was caused by the fact that sadness makes people view their possessions, as well as themselves, as having little value. As a result, they are willing to spend more on new things to make themselves feel better.

① 쇼핑은 스트레스 해소에 좋다.

② 소비 습관은 감정 상태에 영향을 미친다.

③ 사람들은 습관적으로 쇼핑하는 경향이 있다.

④ 슬픈 감정은 더 많은 소비를 초래하는 경향이 있다.

⑤ 충동 구매를 막기 위해서는 중립적인 감정 상태를 유지해야 한다.

05

주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?

Lobster is now considered to be extremely delicious and is one of the most expensive foods in the world. But it wasn't this way in the past.

(A) However, everything changed after the introduction of refrigerated transportation. This allowed Maine to ship its lobsters all over the world, and people who had never eaten lobster before fell in love with it.

(B) Prior to the 20th century in places like Maine, there were so many lobsters in the sea that they washed up on the shore in huge piles. Because they were so easy to collect, they were viewed as food for the poorer members of society.

(C) Before long, most major cities had lobster restaurants where rich diners came to eat the famous seafood. Its popularity among the upper classes changed lobster into the expensive treat that it is today.

① (A) ― (C) ― (B)	② (B) ― (A) ― (C)

③ (B) ― (C) ― (A)	④ (C) ― (A) ― (B)

⑤ (C) ― (B) ― (A)

06

다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

As cell phones grow more and more popular, public phone booths are gradually becoming a thing of the past. One small town in England, however, didn't want to lose its distinctive red phone booth. To keep it from being removed by the telecom company, the local people transformed it into one of the world's smallest libraries. The library has a collection of about 100 books, CDs and DVDs. People visit the library, which is open 24 hours a day, with books they've already read and exchange them for new reading material. After a book has been read by everyone in town, it is donated to charity and replaced with a new one. In a way, it is just like any other library  just much smaller.

① A New Use for a Telephone Booth

② A Small Library on Your Cell Phone

③ A Phone Booth for Cell Phone Users

④ Borrow a Cell Phone from the Library

⑤ The Campaign to Modernize Libraries

[07~09] 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

07

Most of us can recognize another person with a quick glance at his or her face. However, there are some people who can't recognize their own friends after they change their hairstyle. This is because they suffer from prosopagnosia, a condition more commonly known as face blindness. It is believed that face blindness affects approximately 2% of the population. Some people are born with it, while others develop it after experiencing a brain injury. There are different degrees of face blindness. In a mild case, the person may have difficulty telling the difference between two people with a similar appearance. People with severe face blindness, however, can't recognize faces at all. They must rely on other visual clues, such as hair or body type, in order to recognize others. This is why something as simple as a new hairstyle can make an old friend seem like a _____________________.

① movie star	② good person

③ total stranger	④ helpful doctor

⑤ family member

08

The imposter phenomenon is a condition that is often experienced by celebrities and other people who suddenly become successful or famous. It occurs when people are unable to accept the fact that they are responsible for their own success. Instead, they feel like there was some sort of mistake or that they were just lucky. As a result, deep differences develop between these people's ______________________________. Because they are aware of these differences, they begin to feel as though they are dishonest and have somehow fooled other people into admiring them. This condition can lead to serious problems. People suffering from the imposter phenomenon feel constant anxiety about being revealed as fakes and often stop trying to achieve further success.

① success and their responsibilities

② goals and the success they achieve

③ emotions and how they present them

④ self-image and the way they are viewed

⑤ intentions and how they are delivered to others

09

Bats regularly find their prey by making sounds and listening for the echoes that reflect off of insects. Some moths, however, have found a good way to avoid bats. They have special ears that allow them to hear bats' calls; they then fly in such a way that the bats cannot catch them. Until recently, scientists believed that these moths had an advantage over all bats. However, a study has shown that one type of bat ____________________________. Instead of using its normal calls when hunting, it whispers. Using this strategy, these bats can easily catch the moths that other bats cannot. The researchers were amazed by this discovery, as predators rarely evolve an advantage over their prey.

① does not hunt this kind of moth

② has found a way to overcome this edge

③ uses its night vision to find these moths

④ can fly too quietly for the moths to hear it

⑤ can change direction quickly and catch the escaping moths

10

글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?

Because of this appearance, they have been given the nickname □ninjas,□ after the cartoon Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles.

Ogoomor is a small town located seven hours from the capital of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar. (①) The town didn't exist 20 years ago, but after gold was discovered in the nearby hills, big mining companies arrived and Ogoomor was born. (②) After a few years, the companies finished their work, but some Mongolians continue to search the hills for small pieces of gold. (③) To separate the dirt from the gold, they use large green plastic bowls, and they carry these on their backs like shells. (④) At first, these people were nomads who came in from the surrounding countryside. (⑤) But soon various kinds of people  students, taxi drivers, and even doctors  began coming from around the country to look for gold.

*mutant: 돌연변이의

11

다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

During times of economic crisis, companies around the world face serious difficulties. Despite efforts by regional governments, many are forced to make tough decisions, such as cutting employees. Germany, however, is in a better position than others. Consider the example of the German companies that have been able to avoid laying off full-time employees during economic recessions. They use a special system that allows employees to work more hours during busy times and fewer when things are slow. Even when production stops, the company provides employees with new training so they can work on different projects. Because of these policies, companies can avoid layoffs, and the German jobless rate does not rise.

↓

Because of their      (A)     , German companies are able to      (B)      their employees during economic recessions.

(A)	(B)

① large profits	……	pay

② training programs	……	promote

③ high production rates	……	dismiss

④ government relationships……	fire

⑤ flexible working practices……	keep

12

(A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Most of us (A) [has / have] experienced a painful ice cream headache at some point in our lives. It happens after we eat something cold, like an ice cream cone or a milk shake. It only lasts a short time but can be very unpleasant. These headaches are caused by something cold touching the roof of your mouth on a hot day. The nerves in this part of your body overreact to the cold and try to warm up your brain. This makes the blood vessels in your head dilate, which (B) [give / gives] you a headache. So the best way to avoid an ice cream headache is (C) [to keep / kept] cold things from touching the roof of your mouth.

*dilate: 팽창하다

(A)     (B)      (C)

① has …… give  …… to keep

② has …… gives …… kept

③ have…… gives …… kept

④ have…… give  …… to keep

⑤ have…… gives …… to keep

[13~14] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

In the summer of 1906, the family of Charles Henry Warren, a New York banker, rented a vacation home. They hired a new cook to work for them during the summer  her name was Mary Mallon. Towards the end of August, several members of the family and some of their staff became ill with typhoid fever.

The owners of the home that the Warrens were renting started an investigation of the illness. They hired George Soper to lead the investigation. Soper found that the cook, Mary Mallon, had held seven different jobs in the past where people had become sick with typhoid. He decided to take Mallon to a hospital in New York to have her examined.

When the test results came in, they showed that Mallon was carrying typhoid germs in her body. As a result, she had to be isolated for three years. After her release, she wasn't allowed to work as a cook anymore. Even though she agreed to this rule, she eventually took another cooking job to make a living. The authorities caught her and imprisoned her for the rest of her life on an island.

This story gave birth to the term □Typhoid Mary,□ which is sometimes used to refer to a person who has a _______________ illness. The name is often used jokingly, but the real-life story of Mary Mallon was not very humorous. Today, many feel she was treated badly simply because she was Irish, a woman, and had no family. After all, she was punished for something she had no control over.

*typhoid (fever): 장티푸스

13

윗글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① The Life of Mary Mallon

② A Cure for Typhoid Fever

③ The Story of the Origin of Typhoid

④ The Warren Family's Typhoid Scare

⑤ The History of the Term □Typhoid Mary□

14

윗글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

① severe	② contagious

③ incurable	④ unknown

⑤ chronic

[15~17] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

(A) When I was a young teacher, I had an unusual experience. I was teaching at a community college where most of students were in their late teens or early 20s. One day the dean came into my classroom, followed by an older man wearing an expensive suit. Because of the respectful way the dean was treating (a) him, I assumed the man was an important visitor.

(B) Once we were outside of the classroom together, Mr. Kane's personality changed completely. He became more talkative and told us his story. He was a manager at a local bank who had accepted a promotion. However, as a young man, (b) he had left school before graduating. So he had to take my class in order to get the degree required for the promotion. We also learned something even more surprising. Lucy was actually his daughter! I still regret not getting to know Mr. Kane sooner. He was an interesting man.

(C) However, this wasn't the case. The dean explained that the man, who (c) he introduced as Mr. Kane, would be attending my class. I was only 27 at the time, so I was a bit uncomfortable with having someone nearly twice my age in my class. I asked him to take a seat at an empty desk at the front of the room, but instead (d) he walked straight to the back. Then he asked another student to move so that he could sit next to Lucy, the most beautiful woman in the class.

(D) Although I was afraid he was acting inappropriately, Lucy didn't seem to mind. Mr. Kane continued to attend my class for several weeks. (e) He rarely spoke, but he got perfect scores on all of his tests. I continued to be uncomfortable in his presence, wondering who this mystery man was. Finally, as the end of the semester was approaching, I invited all of my students to have dinner together. I expected Mr. Kane to politely decline, but, much to my surprise, he agreed to come along.

15

주어진 글 (A)에 이어질 내용을 순서에 맞게 배열한 것으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① (B) ― (D) ― (C)	② (C) ― (B) ― (D)

③ (C) ― (D) ― (B)	④ (D) ― (B) ― (C)

⑤ (D) ― (C) ― (B)

16

밑줄 친 (a) ~ (e) 중에서 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?

① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)

17

윗글의 Mr. Kane에 관한 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

① 학과장은 Mr. Kane을 정중하게 대했다.

② 교실 밖에서는 말을 하지 않았다.

③ 지역 은행의 관리자이다.

④ 첫 시간에 Lucy의 옆 자리에 앉았다.

⑤ 모든 시험에서 만점을 받았다.

07 영어독해 모의고사

01

다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

According to a study, your hair color can give you clues about your future health. A group of Spanish scientists studied wild boars with different color fur. The boars with gray fur lived longer and were healthier than most others. Boars with red fur, on the other hand, showed higher levels of cell damage than the other boars. The scientists believe that this is related to the production of the pigment that gives their fur its red color. In the process of making this pigment, the boar's body must use the same chemical that helps prevent cell damage. Unfortunately, the researchers believe that humans with red hair may face similar problems. In fact, studies have shown that redheads have a greater risk of getting cancer than people with other colors of hair.

*wild boar: 야생돼지

① Pigment: What Gives Hair Its Color

② Red: Not a Good Hair Color for Health

③ Hair: An Indicator of Healthy Wild Boars

④ Boars and Humans: How Are They Similar?

⑤ Changing Hair Color: A Possible Cause of Cancer

02

다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은?

I would like to introduce you to the Voluntary Agency Network of Korea(VANK), an organization that may interest you. Working at VANK is a very rewarding experience. The organization began with a letter one young man sent to his foreign friend about Korea. His friend was very eager to learn more about the country, as he did not know much about Korean culture. Encouraged by his friend's enthusiasm, the young man began to act as an unofficial tour guide and public relations agent for Korea. He relied on the Internet to communicate with foreigners and made it his mission to correct people's misconceptions about Korea. His dream started off small but grew into an organization representing an entire nation. When you work at VANK, your efforts will contribute to the growth of this dream.

① VANK의 가입 조건을 설명하려고

② VANK에서 활동할 것을 권유하려고

③ VANK에 대한 오해를 바로 잡으려고

④ VANK의 주요 활동에 대해 설명하려고

⑤ VANK 활동 시 유의점에 대해 조언하려고

03

밑줄 친 it이 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?

According to a Hindu legend, there was a time when all humans had the divine powers of gods. However, they abused their divinity, so Brahma and the other Hindu gods decided to hide ① it. They considered burying it deep in the ground or placing it at the bottom of the ocean, but they worried that humans would eventually find ② it in either of these places. Brahma thought deeply and realized that the best place to hide ③ it wasn't somewhere on the earth; ④ it was the one place the humans would never look  inside of themselves. Since that time, humans have been searching the world for their divinity without realizing that they carry ⑤ it with them everywhere they go.

04

다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

What means of transport uses no fuel, causes no pollution, and provides one of the best forms of exercise? It's the bicycle. Environmental protection and personal health have become major concerns for people of all ages.       (A)       it is hardly surprising that more and more people are riding bicycles both for transportation and leisure. Although cycling does not burn as many calories as other aerobic exercises, such as jogging, it does less harm to the joints. That's because the body's weight is supported by the bicycle frame, so there is little or no impact.       (B)      , cycling produces less strain on the heart. Healthy adults should ride at least thirty minutes a day if possible; but even a couple of hours every weekend can provide long-term health benefits.

(A)	(B)

① Besides……Also

② Instead……Finally

③ Therefore……Moreover

④ Likewise……As a result

⑤ However……For example

05

다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

Socially, one of the biggest mistakes you can make is thinking that you might not reach the standards of society. Perhaps you feel you won't impress others because they are more confident, successful, intelligent or attractive than you are. Such thinking is wrong. The secret of getting along well with others is accepting yourself. No matter what you're like, whether you're rich or poor, brilliant or average, attractive or plain, some people will like you and some people won't. It's impossible to be accepted by everyone you meet. But far more people will be attracted to you if you accept yourself.

① 외모보다 내면을 더 가꾸어라.

② 있는 그대로의 자신을 인정하라.

③ 일반적인 사회의 규범을 준수해라.

④ 자신에 대해 지나치게 자만하지 말라.

⑤ 주변 사람들과 잘 지낼 수 있도록 노력해라.

[06~08] 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

06

Toys bought at a store rob children of the joy of using their own               . In the past, when kids wanted to play, they would make their own toys with whatever they could find around the house. They would take an old cardboard box, for example, and, with the help of scissors, glue, and old magazines, would change it into a dollhouse. If they wanted to add a swimming pool, they might fill a plastic bowl with water. Today, kids play with dollhouses that are made of plastic and come fully furnished. Or, even worse, they spend all their time playing computer games that are so realistically detailed that they are no longer motivated to use their own imaginations or to dream up fun and exciting fantasy worlds.

① knowledge	② creativity

③ experience	④ personality

⑤ information

07

People constantly worry about bad things that might happen in the future. But sometimes they act in ways that turn their predictions into                . For example, a student may think, □I'm probably going to fail this exam.□ This makes her feel depressed, so she just watches TV and wastes time instead of studying. As a result, she does fail! An office worker may do something similar. He thinks, □My boss will never give me a promotion.□ Feeling unappreciated, he stops working hard. As a result, he never does get a promotion. In both of these cases, a person had negative expectations and subconsciously acted in a way that made them come true. However, the reverse is true as well. If you have positive expectations and try your best, positive things will happen to you.

① goals	② reality

③ problems	④ anxiety

⑤ imagination

08

The number-naming system that is used in Western languages is much different than that used in Asian languages. English number names, for example, are highly irregular. They include unpredictable words like □eleven,□ □twelve,□ and □thirteen,□ as well as □twenty,□ □thirty,□ and □fifty.□ In China, Japan, and Korea, on the other hand, the counting system is more logical. □Twelve□ is □ten-two,□ while □twenty□ is □two-ten.□ This difference means that                                    . The average four-year-old Chinese child can count to 40. An American four-year-old, however, can usually only count to 15. It takes American children another year to be able to reach 40. In other words, American five-year-olds are a full year behind their Asian counterparts when it comes to fundamental math skills.

① Asian languages are easier to master

② English number names are based on math

③ Asian children learn to count much faster

④ American schools focus more on numbers

⑤ Chinese numbers are more difficult to memorize

[09~10] (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

09

Some employers have begun to (A) [complement / implement] □bring your baby to work□ programs, in the hope that such programs will create a more positive environment for their employees. Allowing workers to bring in their infants demonstrates that a company cares about its personnel and their families. In addition, it permits employees to save money that would have otherwise been spent on daycare. Of course, it is possible that having an infant in the workplace will affect parents' (B) [production / productivity]. Nonetheless, these programs are a creative (C) [approach / approval] to improving employees' well-being and morale. In today's economic climate, it is beneficial for companies to keep their employees content and interested.

(A)	(B)	(C)

① complement……production……approach

② complement……productivity……approval

③ implement……productivity……approach

④ implement……productivity……approval

⑤ implement……production……approval

10

Dynamic ticket pricing gives people more control over how much they pay when they go to the theater. The price of each ticket is based on several (A) [variables / variations], including the time of day, the day of the week, the size of the theater, and how many people have already booked tickets. The number of tickets available for each price category depends on customer demand at the time of purchase. For example, moviegoers can expect to pay higher prices for more popular movies, especially if they wait until the last minute to buy tickets. Dynamic ticket pricing benefits theaters by giving them the ability to quickly react to changes in demand and by (B) [encountering / encouraging] moviegoers to purchase tickets in advance. Customers also benefit from dynamic ticket pricing, as they can find cheap tickets more easily and are guaranteed a (C) [reserved / preserved] seat.

(A)	(B)	(C)

① variables……encountering……reserved

② variables……encouraging……reserved

③ variables……encouraging……preserved

④ variations……encountering……preserved

⑤ variations……encouraging……reserved

11

다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?

Due to a government campaign in 2008, some Japanese companies began to monitor the weight of their employees. ① The government called on firms to reduce the number of overweight employees to under 10 percent or face penalties. ② Any employees with a waistline of more than 85 cm were to be provided with a diet and exercise plan or referred to a doctor for more serious measures. ③ It has been scientifically proven that the majority of diets only result in weight-loss benefits in the short term. ④ Critics of the campaign claimed it should not be a company's responsibility to ensure the health of its workers. ⑤ They also pointed out that it promoted discrimination by encouraging firms to avoid hiring overweight workers even if they are qualified for a job.

[12~13] 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

12

When navies around the world updated their fleets in the past, old warships were saved for the value of their steel. Today, a more imaginative form of disposal is gaining acceptance: The ships are towed to sea and sunk. The ships provide a refuge for fish and other creatures, and after a few years sea life begins to cover the underwater wrecks. The wrecks also provide recreational value, as divers enjoy exploring the submerged ships. However, forming habitats from old ships is not without risk. The ships must be completely stripped of dangerous materials such as gasoline and oil before they are sent to the bottom of the sea.

① the value of warships' steel

② how fossil fuels affect sea life

③ a creative way of using old warships

④ the environmental value of shipwrecks

⑤ the dangerous practice of warship disposal

13

Different types of employment are often connected to specific colors. For example, white-collar jobs are those performed by salaried professionals, while blue-collar work involves manual labor. Recently, a new color has been added to this list: green-collar employment. This refers to a growing sector of goods and services that are beneficial to the environment. Green-collar workers are responsible for utilizing eco-friendly design, technology, and policy to encourage protection of the environment. Environmental consultants, green architects and engineers, and even environmental educators are all considered green-collar workers. Despite the world's current economic hardships, the green-collar sector is booming. As both governments and companies reconsider their policies, they are more often choosing environmentally conscious policies to bring about change.

① the current growth of eco-friendly industries

② government actions to preserve the environment

③ the creation of new jobs to stimulate the economy

④ green-collar workers making eco-friendly policies

⑤ competition between white-, blue-, and green-collar workers

14

blue-footed booby에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

The blue-footed booby is a seabird that is found in tropical and subtropical parts of the Pacific Ocean region. Its unusual name comes from the Spanish word bobo, which means □foolish.□ It was given this name because it is clumsy when it walks on land and will approach humans without fear. Females tend to be larger than males, with a wingspan of up to 1.5 meters. The blue-footed booby hunts in groups, diving into the water and swimming in order to catch fish. As its name suggests, its feet are blue. Interestingly, the brightness of a booby's feet is an indicator of health  the brighter the bird's feet, the healthier it is. Males proudly display their feet during mating season, and those with brighter feet are more likely to attract mates.

① 인간을 두려워하지 않는다.

② 대개 암컷이 수컷보다 더 크다.

③ 사냥하기 위해 수영하기도 한다.

④ 건강하지 않을수록 발 색이 밝다.

⑤ 수컷은 암컷에게 발을 보여주며 구애한다.

15

Asperger syndrome에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

The characteristics of Asperger syndrome vary widely among individuals and also range in severity. Generally, people with Asperger syndrome have difficulty with social interactions, communication, and change. They may have very particular routines that they prefer to follow, or may be intensely interested in a particular subject. People with Asperger syndrome may also find it difficult to interpret others' body language or to understand how much personal space others require. Of course, how people with Asperger syndrome behave and react is not caused by intentional insensitivity or rudeness. People with Asperger syndrome see the world in a different way than people without Asperger syndrome, and it is important to respect that these differences in perception sometimes cause differences in behavior.

① 사람마다 증상에 차이가 있다.

② 사회적 상호작용이나 의사소통을 어렵게 한다.

③ 특정 주제에 강박적인 관심을 보이게 할 수 있다.

④ 타인의 신체 언어를 해석하는 능력이 뛰어나다.

⑤ 일반인과 다른 방식으로 세상을 인식하게 한다.

[16~17] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

The term □anchoring□ is used to refer to the tendency of people to overvalue the _________________ piece of information they receive when asked to make a decision. Once this information is set in place, any information that follows may be adjusted in order to meet expectations. One example of this comes from a study. Participants were asked to estimate the product of eight numbers multiplied in sequence. The first sequence was 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 × 5 × 6 × 7 × 8, and the second was 8 × 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1. The results showed that in the first sequence, when □one□ was the anchor, the participants' average estimate was 512. In the second sequence, when □eight□ was the anchor, their estimate was 2,250, more than four times higher.

This phenomenon is frequently put to use in the business world, particularly by salespeople involved in price negotiations. For example, imagine you are trying to agree on the price of a used car. The first price the salesperson presents you with is likely to be far higher than the car is actually worth. This is because it is now the anchor for the rest of the negotiation. You will probably make your final decision on how much you are willing to pay based on it. When used effectively, this technique can have a significant effect on a consumer's perspective of an item's worth.

16

윗글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① Who Wins in Price Negotiations?

② What Comes First May Influence You the Most

③ How You Can Calculate an Item's Actual Value

④ The Anchoring Technique Can Make Math Easier

⑤ Save Money through a Technique Called Anchoring

17

윗글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

① initial	② specific

③ biggest	④ clearest

⑤ incorrect

08 영어독해 모의고사

01

다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

Just like living things, languages sometimes die. This usually happens when a small group of people with their own language comes in contact with a larger population that speaks a different one. This has happened many times throughout history, most recently due to globalization. People simply find it easier to conduct international business deals in one of the world's major languages, such as English, Chinese, or Spanish. Media, including the Internet and television, also play a role in the loss of smaller languages. Furthermore, in some countries, such as the United States and Australia, the education system has been used to eliminate native languages in favor of English. In some boarding schools, for example, young students were punished whenever they used their traditional language. Sadly, in the United States alone, more than 50 languages have died since the 1950s.

① how new languages are developed

② the difficulties of protecting dialects

③ the reasons languages become extinct

④ methods of bringing back dead languages

⑤ why many languages are spoken in the U.S.

02

주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?

Nearly everyone owns a cell phone these days, and Ugandans are no exception. Between 2007 and 2008, the number of cell phones in the country jumped from 4.1 million to 8.5 million.

(A) Naturally, this risky behavior led to a higher chance of injury among the general public. Nowadays, network technology in Uganda is much improved, and Ugandan doctors are happy to be treating far fewer broken arms and legs!

(B) How is this possible? In Uganda at that time, cell phone technology was not as advanced as in the rest of the world. As a result, cell-phone owners were often forced to climb trees or other tall structures to get a network signal.

(C) This sudden increase in cell phones, however, had an unexpected effect. Ugandan doctors found themselves treating more and more people with broken limbs. Surprisingly, there was a direct link between these injuries and cell phone use.

① (A) ― (C) ― (B)	② (B) ― (A) ― (C)

③ (B) ― (C) ― (A)	④ (C) ― (A) ― (B)

⑤ (C) ― (B) ― (A)

[03~04] 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

03

Prisons aren't usually thought of in terms of environmental friendliness, but Norway is hoping to change that with □the world's first ecological prison.□ The Bastoy Island prison features solar panels for energy production, gardens for growing most of its own food, and a recycling program. Most important, however, is the prison's goal of involving the prisoners in its ecological programs. Everyone helps with the facility's daily operations and in the process learns important lessons about both environmental and social responsibility. Hopefully, this will help the inmates lead better lives once they are released from the prison. Norway believes that by using Bastoy prison as a model, it can decrease the rate of crimes committed by ex-prisoners and improve the environment at the same time.

① Prisons for Special Criminals

② Teaching Inmates Useful Skills

③ Turning Prisoners into Gardeners

④ Protecting Nature by Closing Jails

⑤ The Benefits of an Ecological Prison

04

A Ukrainian scientist has invented a new tool for those hoping to lose some weight. Called the Smart Plate, it's a dish that is able to measure the weight of the food you put on it. Once you reach a certain limit, a small computer on the plate sets off an alarm that will command you not to eat so much. The alarm is in the form of a human voice and says things like □Stop right there!□ and □Where's your willpower?□ People who are serious about their diets should consider bringing the Smart Plate to restaurant buffets. Being yelled at by your plate in public would be very embarrassing, so you would definitely take care not to put too much food on it.

① Creating a Diet Buffet

② Command And Willpower

③ Talking Plates Helping Dieters

④ The Next Generation of Dishware

⑤ Using Small Dishes to Lose Weight

05

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Children can                             by learning to play a musical instrument. Researchers suggest such benefits extend through people's entire lifetimes. Scientists recorded college students' brain waves that were generated in response to complex sounds. Students who received musical training as children responded at a higher level. Their brains were better able to comprehend elements of complex sounds, such as pitch. This was true even if they had not taken music lessons in years. Also, these students noticed more small details, even if there was a lot of background noise. This skill is important for children learning to speak, and also for older people who are losing their hearing. Scientists have found that older musicians lose their hearing in the same way that most people do. However, the musicians' brains are better at processing sound than most people, which can help them understand speech in a noisy environment.

① get good grades in school

② extend their life expectancy

③ improve overall brain function

④ strengthen their auditory skills

⑤ reduce their fear of loud noises

06

다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

Do you surround yourself with people who think exactly the same way you do? This is a bad mistake and will often end up reinforcing any misconceptions and prejudices you may have. In general, it's much better to have your ideas shaken up every so often. By surrounding yourself with people who think differently, you may discover that some of your ideas weren't as good as you thought. The benefit of having such friends is that you can develop your ideas as you explain them and gain new insights along the way. To get any real benefit out of this process, however, you need friends with a varied combination of characteristics.

① 편견 없이 친구를 사귀어야 한다.

② 주변 사람들의 의견에 귀를 기울여야 한다.

③ 친구의 비판을 겸허하게 수용할 필요가 있다.

④ 자신의 의견을 분명하게 전달할 수 있어야 한다.

⑤ 자신과 다른 의견을 가진 다양한 친구들을 사귀는 것이 좋다.

07

밑줄 친 It[it]이 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?

John Cage, a 20th-century composer and artist, is best known for his musical work 4′33″. ① It instructs the performer not to play a single note for four minutes and 33 seconds, the entire length of the piece. That's why people sometimes refer to ② it as a □silent piece.□ ③ It is a challenging work, as it questions our definition of music. During a performance, the audience members are expected to listen to the sounds around them instead of sounds from musical instruments. Some of them will probably think they're hearing absolute silence. Cage, however, wouldn't have agreed because he thought ④ it to be impossible. There are always sounds, such as the coughing or whispering of other audience members; Cage believed these were a form of music, too. Although 4′33″ was composed in 1952, ⑤ it continues to be performed today.

08

Marian Anderson에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

Marian Anderson grew up singing. At the age of six, she participated in a church choir. When she was in her twenties, Anderson entered a singing contest and won the opportunity to perform with the New York Philharmonic Orchestra. After this performance, she received a scholarship that allowed her to study music in Europe. In 1939, after returning to the United States, Anderson planned to perform in Washington D.C. at Constitution Hall. However, the owners of the concert hall refused to let Anderson perform there because she was African American. Eleanor Roosevelt, who was the first lady at the time, was upset by this racist response. She helped organize an outdoor concert at the Lincoln Memorial, where Anderson would take the stage in front of 75,000 people. Anderson's performance was very memorable and significant, as it helped open up opportunities for other African Americans.

① 어릴 때 교회 성가대에서 활동했다.

② 뉴욕 필하모닉 오케스트라와 함께 공연을 했다.

③ 장학금을 받고 유럽에서 음악을 공부했다.

④ Constitution Hall에서 공연을 한 최초의 흑인이다.

⑤ 영부인의 도움으로 링컨 기념관에서 야외콘서트를 열었다.

09

floating library에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하는 것은?

In 1959, a unique service was started in Norway: the floating library. Although the country has a number of mobile libraries in the form of bookmobile buses, there is only one book boat. It travels throughout three counties along the west coast of Norway, among the fjords and islands there. Roads and bridges now make it easier to travel around this part of the country, but there are still towns that are easiest to reach by boat. The book boat stops by 250 small communities two times a year. Eighty feet long, the book boat can carry about 6,000 books. Its operations are funded by three county libraries as well as the government.

*fjord: 피오르드(높은 절벽 사이에 깊숙이 들어간 협만)

① 버스를 이용한 이동식 도서관이다.

② 노르웨이의 해안을 따라 이동한다.

③ 도로와 다리의 건설로 현재 운행이 중단되었다.

④ 일 년에 두 번, 250권 정도의 책을 대여한다.

⑤ 정부가 모든 운영 비용을 부담한다.

10

(A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

While (A) [most / almost] artists gained fame from brightly colored portraits and paintings of landscapes, the American artist Edward Hopper is best known for his portrayal of dark urban cityscapes. His paintings have a somber, disturbing mood, illustrating the loneliness of city life. His most famous painting, Nighthawks, shows several figures in an all-night diner, sitting together but not (B) [communicate/ communicating] with each other. Art historians state that art reflects the times during (C) [that / which] it is created. Hopper painted in the 1930s at the height of the Great Depression. His paintings accurately reflect the feeling of hopelessness that was so prevalent then.

(A)	(B)	(C)

① most……communicating……that

② most……communicate……which

③ most……communicating……which

④ almost……communicate……that

⑤ almost……communicating……which

11

글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?

Yet the idea of combining magnets and medicine is hardly a new one.

Magnet therapy uses magnetized devices to promote healing and relieve physical pain. (①) The basic concept of this practice is that magnetic fields have the ability to influence cell function and improve the health of human organs and the nervous system. (②) The ancient Greeks, for instance, used naturally magnetic rocks to perform physical therapy. (③) Later, in the 16th century, Swiss doctor Philippus von Hohenheim claimed to be able to cure illnesses with magnets. (④) During the last century, magnet therapy was largely ignored, but in recent years it has become increasingly popular. (⑤) Many athletes, pro golfers in particular, undergo magnet therapy treatments to relieve muscle soreness and back pain.

*magnetic field: 자기장

12

다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Earth art is an art movement that grew popular in the United States and Great Britain in the 1960s and 1970s. It involves creating works of art in natural settings. Earth artists have been influenced by ancient works of art, such as Stonehenge, and generally use natural materials to make their art, including rock, water, gravel, and soil. Unlike most works of art, which are carefully protected and preserved in a controlled environment, Earth art isn't designed to be placed in a gallery or a museum. It stays outside, where it is exposed to rain and wind. This is because Earth artists don't believe in the traditional idea that art is a product that can be bought and sold.

↓

Earth art differs from traditional art in that it remains        (A)        and isn't treated like a       (B)       product.

(A)	(B)

① indoors……promotional

② indoors……artificial

③ neutral……influential

④ outdoors……original

⑤ outdoors……commercial

[13~14] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

When I was a child, I enjoyed reading comic books. However, I didn't like funny stories or superhero stories like most of my classmates. I only enjoyed scary stories about ghosts, vampires, and monsters. The scarier the comic book, the more I liked it. When I read them on the subway, older people would look at me and shake their heads in disapproval. My father, however, was more tolerant. It was his point of view that I was simply going through a phase that I would soon grow out of. He also realized that telling me I couldn't read them would likely have the opposite effect of making me want to read them even more. And it turned out that my father was absolutely right.

One day I brought home a comic book with an especially violent cover  I believe it was a ghost covered in blood. My mother took one look at it and demanded I throw it in the trash. I protested at first, but eventually I did as I was told. Later, however, when no one was around, I took it back out and hid it under my bed. And sure enough, long after I had lost interest in all of the other scary comic books I owned, I kept going back to that one and reading it with pleasure. Its attraction took longer to fade simply because it was                   .

13

윗글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① Appreciate the Wisdom of Your Parents

② Once You Start Reading, You Won't Stop

③ Rewards Are Stronger Than Punishments

④ Breaking Rules Always Has Consequences

⑤ We Want What We Aren't Supposed to Have

14

윗글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

① permanent	② forbidden

③ incomplete	④ popular

⑤ ridiculous

[15~17] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

(A) John was the son of a poor horse trainer. His father didn't own any horses himself. Instead, he traveled from ranch to ranch, working at each place for a few months before moving on. It was a difficult life, and it caused John to change schools many times. Just before (a) he was scheduled to graduate high school, his English teacher, Mr. Jefferies, assigned an essay to the class. Each student was to write about what he or she wanted to do after graduation.

(B) John knew exactly what he would write about. Within a couple of days he had finished a detailed essay about his plans to own his own horse ranch. He even included a diagram of the land he wished to purchase and the facilities that would be constructed on it. John put a great deal of effort and enthusiasm into the essay, so (b) he was quite distressed when Mr. Jefferies returned it with an F written across the top.

(C) Years later, Mr. Jefferies was taking some students on a field trip to a large horse ranch. When the owner of the ranch came out to greet them, he was shocked to see that it was John. John, who was now a grown man, simply smiled when (c) he saw his old teacher. He didn't mention his essay, but after the visit was over, Mr. Jefferies pulled him aside. □I want to apologize,□ (d) he said. □When you were a student, I tried to steal your dream. I'm happy now to see that I failed.□

(D) When he asked his teacher why he had failed, Mr. Jefferies replied the paper was unrealistic. He explained that John had overlooked the fact that ranches require a great deal of money and other resources. □Unfortunately,□ he said, □your family doesn't have such resources. You need a more practical dream.□ The teacher said he would allow John to rewrite his paper. John thought about it and then shook his head. □No, thank you,□ (e) he replied. □I'll keep the F and my dream.□

15

주어진 글 (A)에 이어질 내용을 순서에 맞게 배열한 것으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① (B) ― (D) ― (C)	② (C) ― (B) ― (D)

③ (C) ― (D) ― (B)	④ (D) ― (B) ― (C)

⑤ (D) ― (C) ― (B)

16

밑줄 친 (a) ~ (e) 중에서 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?

① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)

17

윗글의 John에 관한 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

① 학교를 자주 옮겨 다녀야 했다.

② Mr. Jefferies의 과제를 열심히 수행했다.

③ 자신의 에세이 성적이 만족스럽지 않았다.

④ 자신의 농장을 방문한 선생님을 보고 도망쳤다.

⑤ 에세이를 다시 쓰라는 선생님의 제의를 거절했다.

09 영어독해 모의고사

01

다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

Pets sometimes accidentally eat medication made for people or are given it by their owners. However, pet owners must understand that this is dangerous. Animals' bodies react very differently to medication, so taking medicine made for people can be harmful. For example, pain medicines such as acetaminophen are safe for kids but can poison pets. In fact, a single tablet of acetaminophen can damage a cat's red blood cells. The same medicine can cause liver failure in dogs. Therefore, it's important to keep all medications away from pets and to never give any medication to a pet without asking your veterinarian first.

① 인간의 약은 동물에게 해로울 수 있다.

② 고양이용 약을 개에게 먹이면 안 된다.

③ 아세트아미노펜은 애완동물에게 위험한 약이다.

④ 수의사들은 사람을 위한 약에 대해서도 알아야 한다.

⑤ 애완동물 주인은 애완동물이 약을 먹었는지 확인해야 한다.

02

다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

In the majority of domestic violence cases, the male is violent towards the female. Unfortunately, in many relationships, the male is also responsible for earning money for the family. Therefore, putting him in jail or sending him away harms the woman and her children financially. This is why the court should consider the financial circumstances of the family. Any victim who is left alone must receive financial help. The abuser should have to pay this money, or if this is impossible, the government should help the victim. This policy would make it easier for victims of domestic violence to report the crime, because they wouldn't have to worry about ruining their finances.

① 가정 폭력 신고 시스템을 체계화해야 한다.

② 가정 폭력으로부터 아이들을 보호해야 한다.

③ 가정 폭력 가해자들을 지속적으로 감시해야 한다.

④ 가정 폭력 가해자들을 더 엄중하게 처벌해야 한다.

⑤ 가정 폭력의 피해자들에게 경제적인 도움을 제공해야 한다.

03

밑줄 친 It[it]이 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?

One of the main ways Tokyo Tower generates money is through tourism. ① It has been visited by more than 170 million people since ② it first opened in the year 1958. However, the tower's rate of attendance steadily declined for a number of years until 2000, when ③ it reached its lowest point. In the years since 2000, attendance has been growing. Approximately 3 million people visit ④ it per year. When tourists arrive at the tower, they enter through a four-story building beneath ⑤ it. This building contains museums, galleries, and other tourist services, and it is where visitors can catch the elevators to the observation decks.

04

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

I recently learned a business lesson from my 10-year-old son. He asked if he could set up a lemonade stand in our front yard during the weekend, and I gave him ① permission. I assumed that he would only be selling lemonade. However, he soon ② informed me that he needed a bigger table in order to display his watercolor paintings. He also planned on baking cookies. When the weekend finally came, some neighbors and passers-by stopped to buy a cup of his homemade lemonade. But it turns out my son is a ③ clever businessman. He wasn't satisfied with a single sale. Whenever someone bought some lemonade, he suggested they purchase a cookie or a painting as well. He realized that it is ④ difficult to attract customers. Therefore, once you have a customer, you must ⑤ minimize the amount of money he or she spends.

05

(A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?

The teddy bear is a relatively recent (A) [invasion/ invention]. This childhood classic is younger than the electric light and the automobile. The story of the teddy bear began with an unsuccessful hunting trip that President Theodore □Teddy□ Roosevelt took in 1902. During the trip, he failed to shoot a bear. So his hunting partners trapped and (B) [bounded / wounded] a bear, and then tied it to a tree, thinking that Roosevelt could shoot it easily. However, when Roosevelt saw what his friends had done to the bear, he felt sympathetic toward it and refused to shoot it. When the news got out, a cartoonist drew the event. He showed Roosevelt refusing to kill a lovable little bear. This cartoon (C) [inspired / expired] the teddy bear, which emerged simultaneously in the United States and Germany.

(A)	(B)	(C)

① invasion……wounded……inspired

② invasion……bounded……expired

③ invention……bounded……inspired

④ invention……wounded……inspired

⑤ invention……wounded……expired

[06~08] 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

06

Flood waters can be far more dangerous than an ordinary river or a calm sea, as ___________________. In a flood, large volumes of water may collect in one area while there is hardly any water in another area. Because water is quite heavy, it moves very quickly to find its own level. As it does, it carries with it enough power to knock things over. Nearly half of all flood deaths result from people attempting to drive their cars through rushing flood water, underestimating the danger. Although rivers may be deeper than flood water, they don't knock people over because their water is evenly distributed.

① they often move with a lot of force

② they are spread out over a large area

③ they flow in several directions at once

④ they may be deeper than people expect

⑤ they only occur during the rainy season

07

Sweden is attempting to ___________________ within 15 years. The idea is to replace all the nation's fossil fuels with renewable fuels. Some experts say that global oil supplies are at their peak. Eventually, oil prices will rise and lead to an economic recession. Therefore, Swedish carmakers like Saab and Volvo have been working to design automobiles that will run on biofuels. What's more, the Swedish government has given grants to health facilities and libraries so that they can convert their heating systems from oil to renewable fuels. The government has also imposed green taxes to encourage homeowners to do the same. As for the Swedish paper industry, it will use waste products like bark and sawdust to produce power.

*green tax: 환경세(환경오염 발생물질에 부과하는 세금)

① stop using oil completely

② begin a study of its oil use

③ legalize new renewable fuels

④ put more effort into saving resources

⑤ pass new laws to encourage industrial growth

08

In the past, people were regarded as □old□ when they reached the age of 60 or 70, and rarely did they live beyond 80. Now, however, with more and more people living to 100 or more, it is becoming increasingly difficult to pay for state pensions and care that old people regard as their natural right. What is more, many older people are now demanding the right to go on working until they are 70, or even older, rather than being forced to retire at 55 or 60. This means that many younger people ________________________ because older colleagues above them are holding on to their jobs instead of giving them up.

① have to respect their elders

② want to go on working longer

③ have a hard time choosing a job

④ are blocked from being promoted

⑤ are less prepared for their future jobs

09

(A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

You have probably heard that honeybee populations are decreasing all around the world. If bees (A) [go/ went] extinct, it would clearly have an adverse effect on the environment. However, what you might not realize is that it would also seriously damage the world's economy. This is because the agriculture industry depends on bees, especially nut growers. In fact, more than half of the honeybees in the United States are owned by companies that grow almonds. Cashews are another nut (B) [that / what] depends on bees for pollination. Some cashew growers have found ways to pollinate their crops without bees. But it had been shown that using bees leads to a 200% increase in the amount of nuts (C) [producing / produced] when compared to artificially pollinating nuts. For these reasons, environmentalists and corporations should be working together to find ways to save the bees.

(A)     (B)	(C)

① go……that……producing

② go……what……produced

③ went……what……produced

④ went……that……produced

⑤ went……that……producing

10

potoo에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

The potoo, a species of bird native to Central and South America, is difficult to see. This is because its feathers are the same color as tree bark, making an unmoving bird resemble a broken branch. The potoo is only active at night, when it feeds on insects such as moths and fireflies. It stays together with a single partner for life, and females only lay one egg at a time. Although rarely seen, the potoo can often be heard making a □bo-ou, bo-ou□ sound that is easily recognized. The best way to actually observe a potoo is by shining a flashlight into the trees at night  a potoo's large, orange eyes will be clearly visible as they reflect the light. The potoo is not considered to be an endangered species, but it is still necessary to take steps to protect this unique bird.

① 움직이지 않으면 나뭇가지처럼 보인다.

② 주로 밤에 활동하는 야행성이다.

③ 암컷은 한 번에 하나의 알을 낳는다.

④ 쉽게 식별할 수 있는 울음소리를 가졌다.

⑤ 멸종 위기 동물로 지정될 예정이다.

11

retinoblastoma에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

Retinoblastoma is a rare type of cancer that grows in the retina, the light-sensitive tissue inside of the eye. A genetic mutation causes retina cell tissue to grow into a tumor. The disease usually only occurs in one eye but can affect both. It can be treated with drugs, radiation therapy or surgery depending on the tumor's size and location. Retinoblastoma causes a visible whiteness in the pupil called leukocoria or □cat's eye reflex.□ The phenomenon is clearly evident when bright light shines into the eye. Other symptoms of retinoblastoma include eye pain, redness, irritation and poor vision. It also tends to run in families. About 40% of patients have a family history of the disease, though doctors don't yet understand why their genes have mutated.

*mutation: 돌연변이 **pupil: 동공

① 망막에서 발생하는 암이다.

② 보통은 한쪽 눈에만 발병한다.

③ 종양의 크기와 위치에 따라 다양한 치료법이 있다.

④ 시야를 하얗게 만드는 증상이 있다.

⑤ 유전자 돌연변이의 원인은 아직 밝혀지지 않았다.

12

다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

In many European countries, people who are imprisoned lose their right to vote in political elections.      (A)     , anyone who is sentenced to jail in the Czech Republic, Hungary, or the U.K. is automatically banned from voting. This punishment is not required for French and German prisoners, but the courts can decide whether or not to apply it. Conversely, there are 18 European nations where no official prohibition on prisoners voting exists.      (B)     , even under these systems it can be difficult for inmates to exercise their right to vote. In Ireland, prisoners are legally permitted to vote, but they are not allowed to vote by mail or to leave the jail on election day to cast their ballot.

(A)	(B)

① Therefore	……	Also

② For example	……	However

③ However	……	As a result

④ For instance	……	In addition

⑤ Instead	……	By the way

[13~14] 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

13

Eating out with friends is fun. Unfortunately, it also makes us lose track of how much we eat. When you dine with other people, you tend to stay at the table for a longer period of time. The longer you spend at the table, the more you're going to eat. Studies have shown that group size is directly related to the amount people eat. For example, a couple who dines together will eat around 35% more than if they were dining alone. This increases to 75% with a group of four, and 96% when there are seven or more at the table. It therefore makes sense that close friends and family members tend to weigh about the same. If you frequently eat with others and spend more time with them at the table, it will be more difficult for you to lose weight.

① reasons why you should eat out less

② a recommended method for eating less

③ the effect of group dining on our weight

④ ways to encourage friends to lose weight

⑤ the reason people enjoy eating with friends

14

Have you heard of □returnment□? This refers to the decision some older people make to find new jobs after having retired. There are several reasons for the recent increase in returnment rates. Many people do it for financial reasons. Because people are living longer on average these days, they sometimes find it necessary to get a job in order to continue supporting themselves in their old age. Others, however, choose returnment because they simply can't find happiness in retirement. They don't enjoy living a full-time life of leisure. Instead, they want to continue using their skills and benefiting their society. Studies suggest that returnment rates will keep rising in the years ahead as life expectancies increase and people find themselves with more and more retirement time.

① changes in life expectancies

② creating jobs for older people

③ an increase in retirement rates

④ elderly people going back to work

⑤ the economy's effect on the elderly

15

다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은?

I appreciate your offer of a secretarial position at Island Lake Exports. The benefits and salary are among the best I've seen anywhere. However, as we discussed, the job would mean driving two hours a day to and from Island Lake. After careful thought, I have decided to take a position as a secretary at Haywood Manufacturing here in Cincinnati. Although this job is less attractive than the one with your firm, it's much closer to my home and family. I appreciate the time you spent with me. I know there are many good candidates who can fill the position.

① 퇴사를 알리려고

② 계약을 연기하려고

③ 일자리를 거절하려고

④ 급여 인상을 요구하려고

⑤ 입사 제안을 수락하려고

[16~17] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

Schools have always been one of society's most important tools. For centuries, they have been used to pass both tradition and education along to the next generation. This is still true today. In fact, schools are more important than ever before. In the past, families served the same role, but they have grown less and less important in modern society. There are some people who believe that schools exist simply to transfer knowledge to students. But in reality, they do much more than that. There is much more to learning than simply acquiring knowledge. Schools help young people develop the qualities, skills and values that society needs in order to remain healthy and functional. Of course, this does not mean that schools should discourage individuality and shape students into obedient workers who do nothing but mindlessly serve the community. A society made up of members who are all the same would be a weak, ineffective society. This is why the true goal of schools is to teach students to think and act ________________. But at the same time they must be taught the importance of using their abilities to serve and strengthen the community as a whole.

16

윗글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① The Changing Role of Schools

② Education Harms Individuality

③ The Social Importance of Schools

④ New Ways of Sharing Knowledge

⑤ The Decline of the Modern Family

17

윗글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

① independently	② competitively

③ respectfully	④ selflessly

⑤ carefully

10 영어독해 모의고사

[01~02] 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

01

Television is often criticized for encouraging viewers to commit acts of violence. Indeed, research suggests that people who watch violent shows are more likely to commit violent crimes than those who don't. This finding might imply that TV shows are causing viewers to commit violent crimes. However, studies do not actually support this assumption. Rather, it seems likely that people who are frustrated and angry, and therefore more likely to be violent, are drawn to TV shows in which characters release their anger through violence. So it's not that TV shows make the viewers violent; instead, it's that violent people watch these kinds of programs.

① TV 시청은 스트레스를 완화시킨다.

② 폭력적인 TV 프로그램의 방영을 규제해야 한다.

③ TV 프로그램이 폭력적인 성향을 키우는 것은 아니다.

④ 폭력적인 TV 프로그램으로부터 청소년을 보호해야 한다.

⑤ TV 시청을 제한하면 폭력적인 성향을 완화시킬 수 있다.

02

According to advertisements, antibacterial hand soap helps kill germs and prevent illness. However, recent studies have found something disturbing about these soaps. Because they are used so frequently, many germs are reacting to them by becoming stronger and harder to kill. These □super germs□ are making more and more people sick. In addition, antibacterial hand soaps are damaging the environment. Every time we wash our hands with them, their chemicals travel into the water supply. As a result, lakes, streams, and rivers are becoming polluted with these chemicals. Researchers recommend that we decrease our use of antibacterial hand soaps, which will benefit both our health and that of the environment. They say frequent washing with regular soap is enough to remove germs from people's hands.

*antibacterial: 항균성의

① 비누를 적게 사용하는 습관을 들여야 한다.

② 손을 너무 자주 씻는 것은 건강에 좋지 않다.

③ 손 전용 항균 비누는 건강과 환경에 해로울 수 있다.

④ 더 강력해진 세균들이 환경에 악영향을 미치고 있다.

⑤ 일반 비누의 사용만으로는 세균을 없애는 데 한계가 있다.

[03~05] 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

03

The Philippine island of Cebu has traditionally attracted tourists with its stunning beaches and beautiful climate. Yet, lately, an unlikely attraction has been drawing visitors: the provincial jail. The prison became famous a few years ago when a clip of a prisoner exercise routine, which involved dancing to Michael Jackson's □Thriller,□ appeared on YouTube. It was an instant sensation and has drawn approximately 50 million online visitors. Now audiences are lining up to see the show live. People surrounding the jail's exercise grounds cheer as though it were a rock concert. Audience members can even have their pictures taken with prisoners after the performance. According to the jail director, the dance routines have been a way of improving the prisoners' attitude.

① Prisoner Dance Routines □Thrill□ Audiences

② YouTube Is Raising Awareness about Life in Jail

③ Philippine Beaches Are Attracting Fewer Tourists

④ Improving Prisoners' Health with Dance Routines

⑤ Michael Jackson's Music Is Popular in the Philippines

04

In 2006, grey mud began flowing from a gas exploration site in East Java, Indonesia. The site is now referred to as the Lusi mud volcano. Years have passed since the mud volcano first started erupting, but thousands of people who lost their homes are still living in temporary shelters. And there is no sign that the flow of mud is going to stop any time soon. It is flowing at a rate of more than 100,000 cubic meters per day. More than 50,000 people have had to leave the area and schools and factories have been covered in mud. According to scientists, this disaster was caused by the gas drilling operation. It will probably continue to affect the local environment for many years.

① Using Mud to Prevent Volcanic Eruptions

② A Series of Natural Disasters Hits Indonesia

③ Mud Volcano Eruption: the Unfinished Disaster

④ Gas Drilling Harms the Indonesian Environment

⑤ A Volcano in Indonesia Erupts for the First Time

05

Whenever the economy struggles, you're likely to hear the □lipstick effect□ mentioned in news reports. It is a term that describes how people tend to buy small comfort items rather than expensive luxury items during difficult financial times. Lipstick is a good example of one of these small comfort items. The lipstick effect was first observed during the Great Depression. The overall U.S. economy was doing very poorly, but cosmetics sales actually went up. Today, sales reports from the world's largest cosmetic companies show that this trend is continuing. One cosmetic company's sales were up 5.3 percent in the second half of 2008, in spite of the general economic downturn.

① Red; The Color of Money

② The Second Great Depression

③ Do Cosmetics Make Us Look Better?

④ Hard Times, But Your Lips Look Great

⑤ What Would You Buy If You Had the Money?

06

(A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

El Dia de los Muertos is a holiday in Latin America. It is a day on (A) [which / when] the living remember relatives who have died. The festivities last for two days. In general, November 1 is a day reserved for (B) [honor / honoring] children who have died. Consequently, it is known as Dia de los Angelitos, or Day of the Little Angels. November 2 is the day when people remember deceased adults, so it (C) [is referred / refers] to as Dia de los Difuntos, which literally means Day of the Dead. According to popular belief, the souls of the deceased come to visit their living relatives on that day. Families create altars and cover them with flowers, alcoholic beverages, and the deceased's favorite foods.

(A)     (B)     (C)

① which……honor……is referred

② which……honoring……refers

③ which……honoring……is referred

④ when……honoring……refers

⑤ when……honor……refers

07

Ferruccio Lamborghini에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

Ferruccio Lamborghini, a tractor manufacturer, was having problems with the clutch in his Ferrari and went to complain to Enzo Ferrari, the carmaker. Instead of dealing with the issue, Ferrari insulted Lamborghini and suggested the driver was at fault, not the clutch. After this encounter, Lamborghini returned home and took apart the clutch in his Ferrari. He was surprised to discover that the vehicle's parts were similar in many ways to those he used in his tractors. The technology used was also familiar to the tractor manufacturer. This inspired Lamborghini to develop his own car to compete with Ferrari. The very next year, Lamborghini introduced his new vehicle, the 350 GT.

① 원래 트랙터 제조업자였다.

② 페라리 차량을 소유하고 있었다.

③ Enzo Ferrari에게 모욕을 당했다.

④ 트랙터의 부품을 사용하여 페라리를 수리했다.

⑤ Enzo Ferrari를 만난 다음 해에 350 GT를 출시했다.

08

Beppe Grillo에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하는 것은?

It was by chance that Beppe Grillo became a comedian, after he made up a monologue during an audition. As his popularity grew in the 1980s, his performances began to include political satire, which insulted and offended numerous Italian politicians. Eventually, he was banned from Italian television. These days, Grillo performs to large audiences in theaters both in Italy and abroad. Common themes in his performances include energy usage, corruption in politics and the business world, and free speech. He also keeps a blog that he updates daily. It is ranked as one of the 10 most visited blogs in the world. On September 8, 2007, Grillo helped promote the so-called V-Day in cities across Italy, calling for the removal of Italian Parliament members who have committed crimes in the past.

① 한 오디션에서 우승하여 코미디언이 되었다.

② 정치 풍자극을 선보이면서 인기가 하락하기 시작했다.

③ 이탈리아의 TV 출연이 금지된 이후 해외에서만 공연한다.

④ 정치와 경제 문제뿐 아니라, 에너지 사용 등을 주제로 공연한다.

⑤ 2007년에 이탈리아 국회의원 선거에 출마하였다.

09

다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?

Velib is the name of the □bicycle transit system□ that was started in Paris in July 2007. ① It includes over 23,600 bikes spread all around the city at 1,800 different stations. ② Paris also has a subway system, called the Metro, which has 16 lines and more than 300 stations. ③ Parisians pay from $38 to $50 for a yearly Velib membership, which allows them to use any of the bikes, anywhere, anytime. ④ The system has proven to be very beneficial for the city. ⑤ More people traveling by bicycle means fewer cars on the road. This has improved traffic conditions in the city and has reduced air pollution. Cities all over the world have been impressed with the success of Velib. As a result, many of them have now started similar programs.

10

글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?

However, no one knows how such new life forms might react to an environment outside the laboratory.

Scientists can now transplant genes from one organism to another: from plant to animal and vice versa. (①) They have successfully transplanted foreign genes into the DNA of bacteria. (②)The transplanted genes are accepted by the bacteria. (③) They even reproduce in following generations. (④) In other words, scientists are now able to create new life forms. (⑤) They could consume valuable chemicals, destroy the soil, harm the environment, or even create new diseases for which there is no cure.

11

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

In recent years, there has been a lot of discussion about the best way to evaluate the performance of teachers. There are now government proposals that suggest using checklists and the ratings of external evaluators to do so. However, it would be impossible to create a formula that effectively measures the characteristics required of effective teachers, such as compassion and creativity. Although people sometimes refer to these sorts of evaluations as being businesslike, successful businesses don't use large-scale rating systems as a substitute for human judgment. Instead, they allow their managers to put together effective teams, and then they hold those managers responsible for the teams' performance. In a school setting, principals ____________________________. They should be given the power to make hiring and firing decisions and then be considered responsible for both the successes and failures of their schools.

① need less pressure

② are the main problem

③ should be evaluated first

④ must encourage teachers

⑤ could play this same role

12

다음 도표의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

The above chart shows the percentage of New Zealand's working population employed in skilled IT occupations, broken down by gender and ethnic group. ① People who identify as New Zealand Europeans are three times more likely to work in IT than people who identify as Pacific Islanders. ② Compared to the other ethnicities shown in the graph, people of Asian descent have the highest percentage of IT workers. ③ Maori men and women are employed in IT occupations at approximately the same rate. ④ Combined, the percentages of Maori men and women in IT occupations are equal to the percentage of European men from New Zealand. ⑤ Among people who did not specify an ethnicity, men are almost twice as likely to be employed in IT occupations as women.

[13~14] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

My hair hadn't been longer than a half inch since I was a teenager. But a few years ago, I had the idea to let it grow out again and see what happened. The longer it got, the more I noticed that my life was changing. I started getting pulled over for speeding, which had never happened to me before. At the airport, the security officers always spent a long time checking my luggage and ID.

Then, one day as I was walking along the street, a police car pulled up next to me and three officers tried to arrest me for robbery. As it turned out, there had been a robbery nearby, and the police saw me while patrolling around the crime scene. At this point, it became clear that I was suffering from people's ________________ about my hair.

Clearly, the long hair was giving people the idea that I was a troublemaker. As I thought more about it, I became more and more puzzled by how easily people's opinion of someone could be affected by something as simple as having long hair. That's why I was getting speeding tickets, that's why I always had a hard time at the airport, and that's why the police thought I was a robber.

13

윗글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① Regulations on Hair Styles

② How to Style Your Own Hair

③ The Weird Power of Hair Styles

④ Advantages of Having Long Hair

⑤ Why Do People Have Different Standards?

14

윗글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

① expectations	② rights

③ curiosities	④ stereotypes

⑤ complaints

[15~17] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

(A) When a close family friend of Jack Andraka died of pancreatic cancer, the 15-year-old was extremely upset. But instead of sitting around and feeling sorry for himself, (a) he took action. He did some research and found out that pancreatic cancer is unusually difficult to detect.

*pancreatic cancer: 췌장암

(B) Unfortunately, Jack soon learned that there was no simple, inexpensive way for doctors to test a person's mesothelin levels. So he came up with an idea for paper strips that can be used to measure mesothelin in the blood and alert doctors to increases before the cancer becomes too advanced. (b) He realized that blood could be tested with a special kind of paper with microscopic tubes that react to the presence of mesothelin. Not only would this method be faster and cheaper than the existing methods, it would also be more effective.

(C) So (c) he decided to develop a method that would allow doctors to diagnose pancreatic cancer sooner and give patients a better chance of surviving. The reason this type of cancer is so hard to detect is that the pancreas is located deep inside the body. Therefore, tumors often remain hidden until they are quite large. By the time doctors know that they are there, it is often too late to save the patient. However, these tumors do cause an increase in mesothelin, a protein that is found in the blood.

(D) However, to transform his idea into an actual invention, (d) he still had to find someone who would give him access to the medical equipment he needed. His request was turned down by 199 medical professionals before a scientist working at Johns Hopkins University decided to give Jack a chance. (e) He gave him space in his laboratory to work on his project, and Jack eventually won first prize at an international science fair for kids. Jack now hopes doctors will be using his test strips soon.

15

주어진 글 (A)에 이어질 내용을 순서에 맞게 배열한 것으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① (B) ― (D) ― (C)	② (C) ― (B) ― (D)

③ (C) ― (D) ― (B)	④ (D) ― (B) ― (C)

⑤ (D) ― (C) ― (B)

16

밑줄 친 (a) ~ (e) 중에서 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?

① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)

17

윗글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

① Jack Andraka는 췌장암으로 가까운 사람을 잃었다.

② 메소텔린 수치는 종이 진단기로만 측정 가능하다.

③ 췌장에 생긴 종양은 쉽게 진단해낼 수 없다.

④ Johns Hopkins 대학의 한 과학자가 Jack Andraka에게 도움을 주었다.

⑤ Jack Andraka는 국제 과학 박람회에서 우승했다.

영어독해 실전 모의고사

18

다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은?

As you know, the outer walls of our apartment building are going to be painted soon. However, we don't have sufficient funds to cover this project, since many residents have not yet paid last month's maintenance fees. In addition, you may have noticed that the garden in front of the building is in bad shape. While some of the flowers are blooming, many others have withered and died. Clearly, the flower beds need to be taken care of. Many residents have suggested employing gardeners, but we need to receive your maintenance fees on time in order to do so. We are sending this notice again because there are residents who have not paid their fees for several months. We sincerely hope that all of those who are late will quickly make the payments that are needed to maintain our building.

① 정원사 채용을 공지하려고

② 관리비 납부를 촉구하려고

③ 관리비 지출 내역을 공고하려고

④ 건물의 안전 관리 수칙을 공지하려고

⑤ 정원 관리를 위한 모금을 홍보하려고

19

다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

The singer Florence Foster Jenkins, who began giving recitals in 1912, may have been one of the worst sopranos of all time. Although she loved opera, she had absolutely no musical talent and frequently made pitch and rhythm mistakes. In spite of her lack of ability, Jenkins never gave up singing. If she had cared about performing perfectly, she probably would have been frustrated, but she simply did what she really enjoyed. She once said, □People may say I can't sing well, but no one can ever say I didn't sing.□ Believe it or not, Jenkins's concerts were very popular. In 1944, she even performed at New York City's famous Carnegie Hall, and tickets sold out weeks in advance. Even though she was not a talented singer, her devotion to music moved many people and made her a star.

① 성공하려면 타고난 재능이 필요하다.

② 끊임없이 노력하면 전문가가 될 수 있다.

③ 지나치게 완벽을 추구하면 쉽게 포기하게 된다.

④ 직업을 선택할 때 재능을 우선적으로 고려해야 한다.

⑤ 잘하지 않더라도 좋아하는 일을 하는 것이 중요하다.

20

다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

Space debris is made up of nonfunctioning objects orbiting the earth, including everything from parts of used rockets to tiny fragments of objects that have collided. This debris has the potential to cause serious damage. In 1996, debris from a rocket tore off a 4.2-meter section of the French satellite Cerise. In 2009, an old Russian satellite called Kosmos collided with the US satellite Iridium, creating over 1,000 new pieces of debris. Right now there are more than 300,000 pieces of space debris, and we could be faced with a far more serious situation if this buildup continues. The more debris there is within the earth's orbit, the more likely it is that the pieces will collide with each other. This could lead to a chain reaction known as the □Kessler syndrome,□ which could damage everything orbiting our planet.

① the functions of satellites

② the danger of space debris

③ the formation of space debris

④ the way space debris moves in orbit

⑤ ways to lengthen satellites' lifespans

21

다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Black Friday is the name Americans give to the day after Thanksgiving. Traditionally, this has been the biggest shopping day of the year, as retailers offer amazing sales to start the Christmas shopping season. In recent years a second day has been named: Cyber Monday. This is the first Monday after Thanksgiving, and it has become the most important day of the year for online sales. Similar to Black Friday, it is the day when online stores offer incredible deals to shoppers. Experts give two reasons to explain the popularity of this 21st-century shopping day. First, Cyber Monday is the first working day after Thanksgiving, and many people do their online shopping at work, where they spend most of their time. And second, more and more shoppers prefer to look at products in stores over the Thanksgiving holiday and then purchase them online later.

① Shopping at Work Angers Employers

② Cyber Monday Helps Stores Earn a Profit

③ Holiday Shoppers Get Good Chances to Save

④ Black Friday Makes Thanksgiving More Enjoyable

⑤ Black Friday No Longer Exists in the 21st century

22

밑줄 친 It[it]이 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?

Self-esteem is a person's measurement of his or her own worth. ① It includes feelings of value and competency, as well as emotions such as pride and shame. ② It is also related to a person's feelings about his or her own ability to deal with difficulties, overcome challenges, and earn the respect of others. Therefore, ③ it sometimes goes up or down depending on the person's recent experiences and current situation. For example, a man with a generally high self-esteem might find ④ it temporarily lowered after encountering an emotional problem. If ⑤ it was not resolved in a satisfactory manner, he might become upset and begin to act in a self-defeating manner.

23

(A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은?

According to the World Health Organization, almost 70 percent of Mexicans are overweight and around one third are obese. Because it seems apparent that one of the main causes (A) [is / are] the overconsumption of junk food, Mexico's congress proposed new taxes on junk food to help fight this serious health problem. (B) [Aiming / Aimed] to change people's unhealthy eating habits, lawmakers approved a tax of one peso per liter on soft drinks and an eight percent sales tax on high-calorie foods, such as cereal, potato chips, and candy. In spite of the soft drink and food industries' efforts to defeat the plan, lawmakers stood (C) [firmly / firm], saying that the tax is necessary to reduce the high rates of obesity and diabetes.

(A)     (B)    (C)

① is……Aiming……firmly

② is……Aiming……firm

③ is……Aimed……firm

④ are……Aiming……firm

⑤ are……Aimed……firmly

[24~25] (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

24

Cosmetics for men were not considered necessary until companies started producing them. Similarly, kimchi refrigerators didn't exist until a certain company (A) [noticed / ignored] the need in Korean kitchens for a place to store kimchi for a long time. Markets like these are called □niche□ markets. They are created by identifying needs that are being addressed (B) [seriously / poorly] by other businesses and then providing goods or services to satisfy these needs. Although niche markets are small, they can be very successful. In fact, because there are few or no other competitors, it is often more profitable to find a niche than to try to expand an existing business. Thus, concentrating on small but (C) [specific / common] needs can be a highly promising business strategy.

*niche: 틈새

(A)       (B)       (C)

① noticed……seriously……specific

② noticed……poorly……common

③ noticed……poorly……specific

④ ignored……poorly……common

⑤ ignored……seriously……specific

25

What would happen to your body if you could fly like a superhero? First of all, you'd be exposed to decreasing pressure as you ascended, which would lead to a decrease in temperature. This is because air (A) [expands / expends] in low pressure environments. With more space to move, molecules are less likely to collide, and these collisions are what causes heat. Pressure is far lower in (B) [altitudes / aptitudes] high above the clouds, so flying would expose your body to freezing cold. Unless you were wearing extremely warm clothes, your body would shake uncontrollably and your brain would stop functioning correctly. Another problem would occur if you flew upward too quickly. The volume of gases increases as pressure decreases. If this happened suddenly inside your body, it would have the same effect as shaking a can of soda, which would lead to either severe pain or death, (C) [depending / defending] on how fast and how high you had flown.

(A)        (B)        (C)

① expands……altitudes……depending

② expands……aptitudes……defending

③ expands……altitudes……defending

④ expends……altitudes……depending

⑤ expends……aptitudes……depending

26

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

All bats sleep in a similar way: hanging upside down in a high, sheltered area. They find it necessary ① to sleep this way due to their particular biological characteristics. Bats cannot fly up into the air from the ground as birds ② do. Their wings are simply not as powerful as ③ that of birds and don't allow bats to launch themselves into the air. Their legs are also weak, so they can't take off after a running start. Therefore, hanging upside down ④ gives bats their easiest option for taking off. All they have to do is let go and fall downwards, ⑤ which provides enough energy for them to begin flying.

27

SuperFit Gym 회원 혜택에 관한 다음 안내문의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

Become a Member of SuperFit Gym

SuperFit Gym is an up-and-coming fitness center and sports complex. Right now we are running a special promotion offering great benefits for new members. Do not miss this tremendous opportunity! Enjoy the benefits of membership for only $200 a year!

With a new membership at SuperFit gym, you can:

utilize the gym 24 hours a day.

have free access to the swimming pool.

use the VIP lounge, which has TVs, movies, snacks, cold drinks, and more.

have your own locker for no extra fee.

get a free basic medical checkup once a month.

receive a 50% discount on personal training.

receive a 30% discount on yoga classes.

If you have further questions, please do not hesitate to call us any time at 719-201-4538.

① 하루 24시간 체육관을 사용할 수 있다.

② VIP 라운지에서 TV와 영화를 볼 수 있다.

③ 추가 요금 없이 개인 물품 보관함을 사용할 수 있다.

④ 50% 할인 가격으로 개인 지도를 받을 수 있다.

⑤ 30% 할인 가격으로 건강 검진을 받을 수 있다.

28

KoWorld 교환 학생 프로그램에 관한 다음 안내문의 내용과 일치하는 것은?

Apply for the KoWorld Exchange Student Program and Study in Australia!

KoWorld is Korea's most popular program for students who want the opportunity to study abroad. If you apply for this program, you can have an experience that you will remember for the rest of your life.

The Australian program runs from September 3 to December 10.

To apply, you must:

currently be a middle or high school student.

send us a recent medical report.

take an English speaking test so that we can evaluate your communication skills.

send in an application form and a recommendation from a teacher by e-mail.

The due date is May 4. You can download the application form from the KoWorld website (www.KoWorld.com). If you have further questions, please feel free to ask us by e-mail (KoWorld@koreaexpro.com) or telephone (345-564-1709).

① 프로그램 기간은 5월 4일부터 12월 10일까지이다.

② 지원자는 진료 보고서를 보내야 한다.

③ 지원자는 영어 필기 시험과 말하기 시험을 치러야 한다.

④ 교사 추천서가 없어도 지원할 수 있다.

⑤ 신청서는 우편으로 접수해야 한다.

29

다음 도표의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

CO2 Emissions from Burning Fuel

The graph above compares the total amount of CO2 emissions that six countries produced by burning fuel in 2005 and 2016. ① China produced more CO2 in 2016 than any other country, with total emissions reaching nearly 9 billion metric tons. ② China also showed the greatest increase in emissions between 2005 and 2016. ③ India's CO2 emissions tripled over this same time span, giving it the second largest increase. ④ In South Korea, there was only a slight increase in CO2 emissions between 2005 and 2016, while the emission levels in Russia remained unchanged. ⑤ Meanwhile, CO2 emissions actually decreased in the United States and Japan over this same time period.

30

Radium Girls에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

In 1917, women now known as the Radium Girls had the job of painting watch dials with glow-in-the-dark paint. Although they were told the paint was harmless, it contained the radioactive element radium. One day, a worker named Grace, whose teeth had started falling out and whose jaw had developed a painful abscess, found out that radiation poisoning from her job might have been the cause of her health problems. After learning this, she and four of the other female workers decided to sue the company. When they appeared in court, none of the women could lift their arms and two of them couldn't stand up on their feet. They eventually won the lawsuit and received a modest settlement. Aside from setting a precedent for workers' compensation, this case led to the enactment of labor safety regulations.

*abscess: 종기

① 시계 숫자판에 페인트칠을 하는 일을 했다.

② 작업에 쓰이는 페인트가 무해하다고 알고 있었다.

③ 방사능 중독 때문에 회사에 소송을 제기했다.

④ 승소했지만 회사로부터 합의금을 받지 못했다.

⑤ 노동 안전 규정을 제정하는 계기가 되었다.

[31~34] 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

31

In the traditional Western world view, time is seen as linear. In other words, it has a beginning, a middle, and an end. However, this is not how all people understand the concept of time. Hindus, for example, believe that time moves in cycles. Because it is constantly caught up in this circular movement, it ____________________. Following this mindset, Hindus see life and death as illusions that must be overcome. To do so means to become immortal. In cyclical time, death is not the end but instead a door leading to a new beginning.

① ends shortly after it begins

② is never possible to predict

③ has no beginning and no end

④ is considered to be relative

⑤ causes everything to happen at the same time

32

The idea that □everyone is doing it□ can lead you to ____________________. You probably feel pressured to fit in with your peers. You might worry that you will be left out or made fun of if you don't go along with the group. Even when the crowd does something wrong or dangerous, you might feel like you should go along just to be accepted by them. Being the only one that says □no□ to peer pressure can be hard, but you can and must do it. If you pay attention to your own feelings and beliefs about what is right and wrong, you will always know the right thing to do. Finding your inner strength and self-confidence can help you be strong and resist doing things that you believe are wrong.

① make your own decisions

② try to act more independently

③ abandon your better judgment

④ believe that your opinion is right

⑤ follow the advice of older people

33

Japan's leading financial newspaper, the Nihon Keizai Shimbun (or Nikkei), has undergone a change in order to enhance the reading experience of ____________________. Most of the text in the Nikkei is now printed using a larger, easier-to-see print type. A spokesman for the newspaper said that the change reflects the fact that the country's elderly population is increasing and that fewer young people read newspapers these days. The Nikkei is not cutting any of its content, nor is it adding more pages. Instead, the print type of its stock-price pages will be reduced to balance out the increase in size throughout the rest of the paper.

① its most loyal subscribers

② the country's young people

③ Japanese citizens living abroad

④ people interested in stock prices

⑤ its increasingly aging readership

34

Creative people like Steve Jobs, Albert Einstein, and Mark Zuckerberg rarely follow the crowd. They tend to enjoy doing things their own way. There is one thing that they often have in common, though  messy workspaces. Their desks are never organized and are always covered in mountain-high piles of papers, magazines, and books. Even though many people believe messy environments cause people to work less efficiently, they may actually help people come up with innovative ideas. A recent study by the University of Minnesota supports this. The researchers who conducted the study noticed that participants with messy desks were more likely to be creative and take risks, while those with cleaner desks tended to follow rules closely and were less likely to try new things. The study concluded that ____________________ by inspiring people to break free from tradition.

① strict rules often result in greater creativity

② messy desks sometimes lead to risky behavior

③ a messy workspace hinders intellectual freedom

④ an organized work schedule improves efficiency

⑤ disorderly environments can produce fresh insights

35

글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?

Unfortunately, the same thing can happen with your muscles if you're not careful.

Most people mistakenly believe that you should first stretch your muscles before doing any physical activity. (①) However, the fact is that stretching cold muscles can cause a lot of damage. (②) The muscles in your body are surrounded by tissue that's a lot like a rubber band. (③) If you pull on a rubber band without first stretching it little by little, it's very possible that the band will break. (④) Fully stretching them before they've had a chance to warmup can result in a pulled muscle or even a tear. (⑤) To prevent this, you should always spend a few minutes doing a light warm-up activity before you start stretching.

36

다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Trompe l'oeil, French for □deceiving the eye,□ is an artistic style in which the objects painted on the canvas look real.     (A)    , it makes flat, two-dimensional work appear three-dimensional. To create this optical illusion, two things are needed. First, perspective is added to the painting by making distant objects very small and close objects much larger. In addition, proper lighting and color must be skillfully incorporated into the work. The famous story of two rival painters named Zeuxis and Parrhasius shows just how realistic trompe l'oeil paintings can be. Zeuxis paints a picture, which looks so real that birds try to peck at its painted grapes. Not wanting to be outdone, Parrhasius asks Zeuxis to judge a painting of his own, which is hidden behind a curtain. Zeuxis then tries to pull the curtain back. He can't,     (B)    , because the curtain is actually Parrhasius's painting!

*optical illusion: 착시 **perspective: 원근법

(A)              (B)

① That is	…… instead

② As a result	…… thus

③ Nevertheless	…… likewise

④ Consequently	…… in contrast

⑤ In other words…… however

37

다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?

Tuvalu, the world's fourth smallest country, is made up of nine islands that lie just 10 centimeters above sea level in the Pacific Ocean. Due to the continuing rise of sea levels caused by global warming, however, this island nation may soon disappear completely. ① In fact, people are already unable to live on some of its islands, and Tuvalu will be under water in just 50 years if sea levels continue to rise at the current rate. ② More than 3,000 Tuvaluans have already left their homeland to move to nearby countries, such as Australia, Fiji, and New Zealand. ③ New Zealand is one of the most popular destinations for people around the world who wish to emigrate. ④ However, because no international law exists to declare them refugees, immigration is not easy. ⑤ The world must find a way to help the Tuvaluans and, hopefully, save their country.

38

주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?

One day in 1997, Larry Page and Sergey Brin were in their office discussing possible names for the new Internet search technology they had invented.

(A) Both men liked this name, so Brin did a search to see if it was available for them to use as a domain for their website. Due to his poor spelling, he typed in the word □google□ instead of □googol.□

(B) They wanted something that was related to the idea of an enormous amount of data. Brin first suggested the word □googolplex,□ the name for a very large number. Page responded with a shorter form: □googol.□

(C) However, no one noticed the mistake. The domain of □google.com□ was indeed available, and a few hours later, Page and Brin had taken the first step in creating the world's most popular Internet search tool.

① (A) ― (C) ― (B)	② (B) ― (A) ― (C)

③ (B) ― (C) ― (A)	④ (C) ― (A) ― (B)

⑤ (C) ― (B) ― (A)

39

다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

A recent study found a link between a cow's productivity and how it is treated by its human caretakers. Five hundred U.K. farmers were interviewed for the study to find out how they felt about and treated their cows. About half of these farmers reported that they named their cows as a sign of affection. Over a 10-month period, the named animals produced about 258 more liters of milk than those who remained nameless, roughly one extra liter per day. Researchers believe that the increase in milk production is due to the extra care that these cows receive. According to these findings, kind treatment of cows benefits not only the animals themselves but also human economics.

↓

The greater the     (A)     farmers give to their cows, the higher the     (B)     of the animals will be.

(A)     (B)

① name……benefit

② care……relationship

③ nutrients……price

④ attention……productivity

⑤ entertainment……value

40

다음 글의 마지막 부분에 드러난 'I'의 심경으로 가장 적절한 것은?

I was looking forward to my trip to Hong Kong. I'd called the airline the day before my flight and been told that there would be window seats available as long as I picked my seat before the other passengers. So I arrived at the airport six hours early in order to be the first in line at the ticket desk. When the airline staff finally began the ticketing service, I confidently requested a window seat from the woman at the counter. To my surprise, though, she replied, □I'm sorry, ma'am. The window seats have all been booked.□ I explained what I had been told over the phone, but the woman said, □Other customers have already chosen their seats online.□ □Why wasn't I told that I could choose my seat online?□ I shouted. But she said there was nothing she could do.

① upset	② envious

③ relieved	④ worried

⑤ frightened

[41~42] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

A terrifying article was published on the front page of the New York Herald on November 9, 1874. It described how several dangerous animals had escaped from the city zoo. According to the article, lions and rhinoceroses were running through the streets. Army and police forces were fighting the beasts, but 27 people had already been killed, and the animals were still on the loose! After people read this article, there was a huge panic in the city. People grabbed guns and other weapons and went outside into the streets to defend their homes. However, once they got there, they didn't find any lions or rhinoceroses. If they had finished reading the article, they would have seen the small note that explained the whole story was ___________.

The next day, the public learned that the article had been written by a reporter named Joseph Clarke. Clarke said he had created the story to call attention to dangerous conditions at the New York City Zoo. At first, he considered writing a simple article to criticize the zoo workers. But his editor, Thomas Connery, decided it would be better to publish something that would grab more attention. Both Clarke and Connery admitted that they were surprised the article got such a serious reaction. However, despite the panic they had created, they refused to apologize. Instead, they wrote a short statement for the next issue of the Herald that explained the zoo's safety problems. Needless to say, this didn't make all those upset New Yorkers feel any better.

41

윗글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① Animals Struggle for Freedom

② An Article Scares New Yorkers

③ Newspapers Escape from Reality

④ A Sad Story Draws Readers' Attention

⑤ A Reporter Apologizes for His Mistake

42

윗글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

① the truth	② pure fiction

③ an overreaction	④ an advertisement

⑤ a serious emergency

[43~45] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

(A) When his children were small, Walt Disney would take them to the playground at Griffith Park in Los Angeles. The kids loved it, but Disney was often bored, with nothing to do but watch. This gave him the idea for an activity park that could entertain both adults and children. Over the next several years, he continued to dream about (a) his future park. In 1953, he finally started work on what would become known as Disneyland.

(B) Amazingly, the work was completed in one year. On July 17, 1955, 6,000 special guests were invited to the park for a special preview before (b) Disneyland officially opened to the public the next day. Things didn't go as planned. More than 20,000 people showed up with fake tickets, the weather was incredibly hot, and most of the water fountains weren't working. Despite these troubles, Disneyland opened as planned, and since then it has become a favorite attraction of families everywhere.

(C) Before he could do anything else, he needed to find a location. In the beginning, Disney imagined (c) a small, eight-acre park near Los Angeles, to be named □Mickey Mouse Park.□ Yet, as he planned more and more elements to include in the park, he realized eight acres was not nearly enough. So he decided to hire the Stanford Research Institute to find a suitable location. What they offered Disney was a 160-acre orange orchard in Anaheim, California.

(D) In order to purchase it and make his dream a reality, Disney needed money. Unfortunately, most investors weren't interested. They simply couldn't see the profit in building (d) a land of dreams. Never losing hope, Disney struck a deal with ABC Television. They agreed to provide funding if Disney would make a TV show for them highlighting (e) the new, upcoming park. He did, and construction began in July of 1954, at a cost of $17 million.

43

주어진 글 (A)에 이어질 내용을 순서에 맞게 배열한 것으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① (B) ― (D) ― (C)	② (C) ― (B) ― (D)

③ (C) ― (D) ― (B)	④ (D) ― (B) ― (C)

⑤ (D) ― (C) ― (B)

44

밑줄 친 (a) ~ (e) 중에서 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?

① (a) ② (b) ③ (c) ④ (d) ⑤ (e)

45

윗글의 내용과 일치하는 것은?

① Disney는 아이들만을 위한 놀이공원을 계획하였다.

② 디즈니랜드의 특별 시사회는 큰 인기를 끌지 못했다.

③ 디즈니랜드는 미키 마우스 공원의 실패 이후에 세워졌다.

④ 디즈니랜드를 세운 부지는 원래 오렌지 농장이었다.

⑤ TV 시청자들이 디즈니랜드의 설립을 위해 모금했다.