바쁘시겠지만

2017_9_H1_ 너른터(Voyon) Original Version

눈길 한 번 주시면 감사하겠습니다.

혹시 기억하실지 모르겠지만,

라오스 트래킹

아직도 마음만 입니다.

오늘 이 자료를 열고 계시는 선생님의

고단한 하루가 연상되어 슬픕니다.

언제나 변함없이

1년에 네 번은 몸살을 치러야하는 일상

기억 할 수도 없는 시험범위와 출판사들

제 한 몸 추스르기도 어려운데

뭘 그리 잡다한 것들도 많은지.......

언젠가는

이 번잡한 시험기간에도

배낭하나 훌쩍 둘러메고

솔향 가득한 산길을 거닐 수 있으면....

너른터가 꿈꾸는

시험자료 낭인이 없는 세상

서로 힘이 되는 세상을 위해

이제 막 작은 첫걸음을 내딛습니다.

가끔씩 배워둔

프로그래밍을 활용해서

전국의 영어 샘들이 함께 품앗이하고

누구나

아무나

무료로

사용할 수 있는 공간을 만들고 있습니다

여름부터 시작한 것이

실력이 일천해서 길어지고 있지만

9월말이면

우리끼리 사용할 정도는 될 듯합니다.

아시겠지만 영어를 가르치는

우리끼리입니다.

혹시라도 참여를 희망하시는 샘들은

주저하지 마시고

메일주시면 10월 연휴기간이 끝나고

안내메일 개별 발송해드리겠습니다.

연락처(skyluving@naver.com)입니다.

힘드시겠지만

꼭 건강하게 버텨내시길

기원합니다.

** 서버용량이 한정적이므로 선착순이에요**

** 좌표는..... 아시는 바와 같이

Between ourselves.

Will Let You Know As Of October....

다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

관계자 귀하:

My wife and I have lived in Smalltown for more than 60 years and ①have enjoyed Freer Park for all that time. When we were young and didn’t have the money to go anywhere else, we would walk there almost every day. Now we are seniors, and my wife must use a wheelchair for ②extended walks. We find that the beautiful walking paths through the park ③ are all but impassable to her. The paths are cracked and littered with rocks and debris that ④make  impossible to roll her chair from place to place. We hope you will devote resources ⑤to restoring the walking paths in Freer Park for all visitors.

Sincerely,

Craig Thomas

위 글의 밑줄 친 우리말에 해당하는 영문을 작성하시오.

To whom it may concern; (수신인을 정확히 알지 못할 때 사용함)

(조건 : Business 서식에 맞추어 5글자로 작성할 것)

위 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

2, 거주기간이 60년이지, 결혼생활은 언급되지 않았다.

① 글쓴이가 젊은 시절 산책하던 공원이다.

② 글쓴이는 결혼한 지 적어도 60년이 지났다.

③ 글쓴이의 배우자는 휠체어를 사용중이다.

④ 배우자의 공원 산책에 어려움을 호소하고 있다.

⑤ 공원 및 산책로 보수에 관한 민원내용이다.

위 글 밑줄친 부분중 어법상 가장 어색한 곳을 고르시오.

4  make it impossible (가목적어 it 가 필요한 구문임)

오답률이 의외로 높은 구문이므로 숙지할 것

다음 글의 우리말에 해당하는 영문을 쓰시오.

twothirds majority

(조건: 단수/복수에 주의할 것, 반드시 영문으로 쓸 것)

When the vote was announced, my brain just would not work out the right percentages to discover whether we had the necessary  2/3 득표수  . Then one of the technicians turned to me with a big smile on his face and said, “You’ve got it!” At that moment, the cameras outside took over and out there in the yard there was a scene of joy almost beyond belief. Then the cameras came back to those of us who were in the studio. I managed to overcome my urge to burst into tears, and expressed my joy and delight that after all these years this had happened and my thanks to my daughters and my family who had shared in the struggle so long.

다음 빈 칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것은?

2 give someone a second chance 사람을 판단할 때는 신중하라는 의미이므로 second chance 가 적합하다

It is easy to judge people based on their actions. We are often taught to put more value in actions than words, and for good reason. The actions of others often speak volumes louder than their words. However, when someone exhibits some difficult behavior, you might want to reserve judgement for later. People are not always defined by their behavior. It is common to think, “He is so bossy,” or “She is so mean,” after observing lessthandesirable behavior in someone. But you should never make such assumptions right away. You should give someone                 before you label them and shut them out forever. You may find a great coworker or best friend in someone, so don’t eliminate a person from your life based on a brief observation.

① less attention

② a second chance

③ warm advice

④ a harsh criticism

⑤ a ride home

다음 문장이 들어갈 위치로 가장 적절한 곳은?

2

However, when someone exhibits some difficult behavior, you might want to reserve judgement for later.

It is easy to judge people based on their actions. We are often taught to put more value in actions than words, and for good reason. ①The actions of others often speak volumes louder than their words. ②People are not always defined by their behavior. It is common to think, “He is so bossy,” or “She is so mean,” after observing lessthandesirable behavior in someone. ③But you should never make such assumptions right away. ④You should give someone a second chance before you label them and shut them out forever. ⑤You may find a great coworker or best friend in someone, so don’t eliminate a person from your life based on a brief observation.

다음 문장이 들어갈 위치로 가장 적절한 곳은?

4

But you should never make such assumptions right away.

It is easy to judge people based on their actions. We are often taught to put more value in actions than words, and for good reason. ①The actions of others often speak volumes louder than their words. However, when someone exhibits some difficult behavior, you might want to reserve judgement for later. ②People are not always defined by their behavior. ③It is common to think, “He is so bossy,” or “She is so mean,” after observing lessthandesirable behavior in someone. ④You should give someone a second chance before you label them and shut them out forever. ⑤You may find a great coworker or best friend in someone, so don’t eliminate a person from your life based on a brief observation.

다음을 보기와 같이 요약할 때 빈 칸에 들어갈 알맞은 것을 고르시오.

3 “성급한 판단이 추후 삶에서 도움이 될 수 있는 사람을 미리 없애는 것과 같다”

It is easy to judge people based on their actions. We are often taught to put more value in actions than words, and for good reason. The actions of others often speak volumes louder than their words. However, when someone exhibits some difficult behavior, you might want to reserve judgement for later. People are not always defined by their behavior. It is common to think, “He is so bossy,” or “She is so mean,” after observing lessthandesirable behavior in someone. But you should never make such assumptions right away. You should give someone                 before you label them and shut them out forever. You may find a great coworker or best friend in someone, so don’t eliminate a person from your life based on a brief observation.

[보기]

A   (A)   judgement of people based on their actions is like a elimination of a person likely   (B)   in your life

① brief	-  harmful	② brief	-  wicked

③ hasty -  beneficial	④ hasty -  harmful

⑤ prudent - beneficial

다음 밑줄친 it가 각각 가리키는 내용을 영어 또는 한글로 쓰시오.(정답은 깊은 생각이 필요함)

(A) : a place (to think),

(B) : 앞문장 전체를 받을 수 도 있으며, (A)와 같이 a place를 받을 수 도 있으므로 반드시 학교 선생님이 생각하는 정답을 확인할 것. 추후 논란거리가 될 수 있음.

(원지문의 경우 a place를 받는 것으로 판단됨)

Study the lives of the great people who have made an impact on the world, and you will find that in virtually every case, they spent a considerable amount of time alone thinking. Every political leader who had an impact on history practiced the discipline of being alone to think and plan. Great artists spend countless hours in their studios or with their instruments not just doing, but exploring their ideas and experiences. Time alone allows people to sort through their experiences, put them into perspective, and plan for the future. I strongly encourage you to find a place to think and to discipline yourself to pause and use (A)it because (B)it has the potential to change your life. It can help you to figure out what’s really important and what isn’t.

(A) :

(B) :

다음 빈 칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것은?

2

Study the lives of the great people who have made an impact on the world, and you will find that in virtually every case, they spent a considerable amount of time alone thinking. Every political leader who had an impact on history practiced the discipline of being alone to think and plan. Great artists spend countless hours in their studios or with their instruments not just doing, but exploring their ideas and experiences. Time alone allows people to sort through their experiences, put them into perspective, and plan for the future. I strongly encourage you to find a place to think and to discipline yourself to pause and use it because                       . It can help you to figure out what’s really important and what isn’t.

① it will devastate your life for good

② it has the potential to change your life

③ it can give you some time to think of history

④ it will help you build up close relationship with others

⑤ it can make you realize nothing is possible

다음 (A), (B), (C)에 들어갈 가장 적절한 어휘를 선택하시오.

5

Study the lives of the great people who have made an impact on the world, and you will find that in virtually every case, they spent a (A)[considerate/considerable] amount of time alone thinking. Every political leader who had an impact on history practiced the discipline of being alone to think and plan. Great artists spend countless hours in their studios or with their instruments not just doing, but (B)[explore/exploring] their ideas and experiences. Time alone allows people to sort through their experiences, put them into perspective, and plan for the future. I strongly encourage you to find a place to think and to discipline (C)[you/yourself] to pause and use it because it has the potential to change your life. It can help you to figure out what’s really important and what isn’t.

①	considerate		exploring		yourself
②	considerate		explore		you
③	considerable		explore		you
④	considerable		explore		yourself
⑤	considerable		exploring		yourself

다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

1

Study the lives of the great people who have made an impact on the world, and you will find that in virtually every case, they spent a considerable amount of time alone thinking. Every political leader who had an impact on history practiced the discipline of being alone to think and plan. Great artists spend countless hours in their studios or with their instruments not just doing, but exploring their ideas and experiences. Time alone allows people to sort through their experiences, put them into perspective, and plan for the future. I strongly encourage you to find a place to think and to discipline yourself to pause and use it because it has the potential to change your life. It can help you to figure out what’s really important and what isn’t.

① Pausing with Intention Expands and Enriches Thinking

② Good Questions are the Heart of Reflection

③ Discipline Yourself to Pause Thinking

④ Key to Understanding What's Important in your Life

⑤ What is My Biggest Asset?

다음중 어법상 가장 어색한 곳을 고르시오.

1  buying이 올바른 정답이다

Shopping for new gadgets, clothes, or just random junk can turn into a hobby in itself. If you’d rather save your money, try finding pleasure in creating things rather than ①buy things. We get the same kind of satisfaction from ②making things that we do from buying things. If you draw something you’re proud of or write something you enjoy, you’ve now got a new thing in your life that ③makes you happy. Buying a new gadget might give you a similar rush, but it’s also probably more temporary. Of course, our recommendation can cost money, too. However, when you can’t spend money, you can always learn more about your craft online or practice with ④what you already have. Even if you end up ⑤spending money making things yourself, you’re at least building a skill rather than a collection of stuff that’s quickly decreasing in value.

다음 글을 읽고 물건을 구매하는 것보다 직접 만드는 것이 좋은 이유 3가지를 본문에서 찾아 한글로 쓰시오.

1) 물건을 구매할 때 얻는 것과 동일한 만족감을 얻고 돈도 절약할 수 있다.

2) 물건을 구매할 때의 만족감은 일시적이지만 물건을 직접 만들 때 느끼는 만족감은 더 오래간다.

3) 구매한 물건의 가치는 빠르게 감소하지만, 물건을 만들게 되면 기술을 습득한다.

Shopping for new gadgets, clothes, or just random junk can turn into a hobby in itself. If you’d rather save your money, try finding pleasure in creating things rather than buying things. We get the same kind of satisfaction from making things that we do from buying things. If you draw something you’re proud of or write something you enjoy, you’ve now got a new thing in your life that makes you happy. Buying a new gadget might give you a similar rush, but it’s also probably more temporary. Of course, our recommendation can cost money, too. However, when you can’t spend money, you can always learn more about your craft online or practice with what you already have. Even if you end up spending money making things yourself, you’re at least building a skill rather than a collection of stuff that’s quickly decreasing in value.

1)

2)

3)

주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?

5

Shopping for new gadgets, clothes, or just random junk can turn into a hobby in itself. If you’d rather save your money, try finding pleasure in creating things rather than buying things.

(A) However, when you can’t spend money, you can always learn more about your craft online or practice with what you already have. Even if you end up spending money making things yourself, you’re at least building a skill rather than a collection of stuff that’s quickly decreasing in value.

(B) Buying a new gadget might give you a similar rush, but it’s also probably more temporary. Of course, our recommendation can cost money, too.

(C) We get the same kind of satisfaction from making things that we do from buying things. If you draw something you’re proud of or write something you enjoy, you’ve now got a new thing in your life that makes you happy.

① (A)-(C)-(B)	② (B)-(A)-(C)	③ (B)-(C)-(A)

④ (C)-(A)-(B)	⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

다음 빈 칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것은?

4

Shopping for new gadgets, clothes, or just random junk can turn into a hobby in itself. If you’d rather save your money, try finding pleasure in                  .

We get the same kind of satisfaction from making things that we do from buying things. If you draw something you’re proud of or write something you enjoy, you’ve now got a new thing in your life that makes you happy. Buying a new gadget might give you a similar rush, but it’s also probably more temporary. Of course, our recommendation can cost money, too. However, when you can’t spend money, you can always learn more about your craft online or practice with what you already have. Even if you end up spending money making things yourself, you’re at least building a skill rather than a collection of stuff that’s quickly decreasing in value.

① purchasing more luxurious items online.

② buying things rather than making things yourself.

③ collecting antique stuff rather than building a skill.

④ creating things rather than buying things.

⑤ experiencing new things around your neighborhood.

다음 빈 칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것은?

2

Overprotective parents spare kids from all natural consequences. Unfortunately, their kids often lack a clear understanding of the reasons behind their parents’ rules. They never learn how to bounce back from failure or how to recover from mistakes because their parents prevented them from making poor choices. Rather than learning, “I should wear a jacket because it’s cold outside,” a child may conclude, “I have to wear a jacket because my mom makes me.” Without an opportunity to experience realworld consequences, kids don’t always understand             . Natural consequences prepare children for adulthood by helping them think about the potential consequences of their choices.

① why they have to face a failure

② why their parents make certain rules.

③ how to interact with other peer groups.

④ how to communicate with their parents.

⑤ the way to attain their goal successfully.

다음 글의 요지를 보기와 같이 작성할 때 빈 칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

3

Overprotective parents spare kids from all natural consequences. Unfortunately, their kids often lack a clear understanding of the reasons behind their parents’ rules. They never learn how to bounce back from failure or how to recover from mistakes because their parents prevented them from making poor choices. Rather than learning, “I should wear a jacket because it’s cold outside,” a child may conclude, “I have to wear a jacket because my mom makes me.” Without an opportunity to experience realworld consequences, kids don’t always understand why their parents make certain rules. Natural consequences prepare children for adulthood by helping them think about the potential consequences of their choices.

[보기]

(A)   your kids from experiencing natural consequences can be    (B)    for them to think about the possible results from the choices they make.

①	Encouraging		harmful
②	Encouraging		harmless
③	Preventing		harmful
④	Preventing		harmless
⑤	Protecting		optional

빈 칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것은?

2

Overprotective parents spare kids from all natural consequences. Unfortunately, their kids often lack a clear understanding of the reasons behind their parents’ rules. They never learn how to bounce back from failure or how to recover from mistakes because

Rather than learning, “I should wear a jacket because it’s cold outside,” a child may conclude, “I have to wear a jacket because my mom makes me.” Without an opportunity to experience realworld consequences, kids don’t always understand why their parents make certain rules. Natural consequences prepare children for adulthood by helping them think about the potential consequences of their choices.

① their parents never gave them any hand.

② their parents prevented them from making poor          choices.

③ their parents encouraged them to think positively.

④ they are taught to make decisions accordingly.

⑤ they don't know how to play basketball.

다음 문장이 들어갈 위치로 가장 적절한 곳은?

5

We should not□put the telescope backward□when we look into the past and underestimate the old and overestimate the new.

In perceiving changes, we tend to regard the most recent  ones as the most revolutionary. ①This is often inconsistent with the facts. ②Recent progress in telecommunications technologies is not more revolutionary than what happened in the late nineteenth century in relative terms. ③Moreover, in terms of the consequent economic and social changes, the Internet revolution has not been as  important as the washing machine and other household appliances. ④These things, by vastly reducing the amount of work needed for household chores,  allowed women to enter the labor market and virtually got rid of professions like domestic service. ⑤This leads us to make all sorts of wrong decisions about national economic policy, corporate policies, and our own careers.

다음 빈 칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것은?

1 과거를 과소평가하지 말고 현대를 과대평가해서도 안된다.

In perceiving changes, we tend to regard the most recent  ones as the most revolutionary. This is often inconsistent with the facts. Recent progress in telecommunications technologies is not more revolutionary than what happened in the late nineteenth century in relative terms. Moreover, in terms of the consequent economic and social changes, the Internet revolution has not been as  important as the washing machine and other household appliances. These things, by vastly reducing the amount of work needed for household chores,  allowed women to enter the labor market and virtually got rid of professions like domestic service. We should not□put the telescope backward□when we look into the past and                                              . This leads us to make all sorts of wrong decisions about national economic policy, corporate policies, and our own careers.

① underestimate the old and overestimate the new.

② overestimate the old and underestimate the new.

③ progress the new-technology for the better.

④ make the wrong decision for the human rights.

⑤ learn from what we've been taught by forefathers.

다음 문장이 들어갈 위치로 가장 적절한 곳은?

2

Moreover, in terms of the consequent economic and social changes, the Internet revolution has not been as  important as the washing machine and other household appliances.

In perceiving changes, we tend to regard the most recent  ones as the most revolutionary. ①This is often inconsistent with the facts. Recent progress in telecommunications technologies is not more revolutionary than what happened in the late nineteenth century in relative terms. ②These things, by vastly reducing the amount of work needed for household chores,  allowed women to enter the labor market and virtually got rid of professions like domestic service. ③We should not□put the telescope backward□when we look into the past and underestimate the old and overestimate the new. ④This leads us to make all sorts of wrong decisions about national economic policy, corporate policies, and our own careers.⑤

다음 각 빈 칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것은?

3

In perceiving changes, we tend to regard the most recent  ones as the most revolutionary. This is often (A)[consistent/inconsistent] with the facts. Recent progress in telecommunications technologies is not more revolutionary than what happened in the late nineteenth century in relative terms. Moreover, in terms of the (B)[subsequent/consequent] economic and social changes, the Internet revolution has not been as  important as the washing machine and other household appliances. These things, by vastly (C)[increasing/reducing] the amount of work needed for household chores,  allowed women to enter the labor market and virtually got rid of professions like domestic service. We should not□put the telescope backward□when we look into the past and             underestimate the old and overestimate the new. This leads us to make all sorts of wrong decisions about national economic policy, corporate policies, and our own careers.

①	consistent		consequent		decreasing
②	consistent		consequent		decreasing
③	inconsistent		consequent		decreasing
④	inconsistent		subsequent		increasing
⑤	inconsistent		subsequent		increasing

다음 빈 칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것은?

2

In perceiving changes, we tend to regard the most recent  ones as the most revolutionary. This is often inconsistent with the facts. Recent progress in telecommunications technologies is not more revolutionary than what happened in the late nineteenth century in relative terms. Moreover, in terms of the consequent economic and social changes, the Internet revolution has not been as  important as the washing machine and other household appliances. These things, by vastly reducing the amount of work needed for household chores,  allowed women to enter the labor market and                                . We should not□put the telescope backward□when we look into the past and underestimate the old and overestimate the new. This leads us to make all sorts of wrong decisions about national economic policy, corporate policies, and our own careers.

① spend more time doing the house chores.

② virtually got rid of professions like domestic service.

③ replace the jobs done by men workers.

④ have the fortune to be promoted higher.

⑤ resist going with the wind accordingly.

다음 문장이 들어갈 위치로 가장 적절한 곳은?

3

This shift  marked the birth of philosophy, and the first of the great thinkers that we know of was Thales of Miletus.

From the beginning of human history, people have asked questions about the world and their place within it. ①For early societies, the answers to the most basic questions were found in religion . ②Some people, however, found the traditional religious explanations inadequate, and they began to search for answers based on reason. ③He used reason to inquire into the nature of the universe, and encouraged others to do likewise. ④He passed on to his followers not only his answers but also the process of thinking rationally , together with an idea of what kind of explanations could be considered satisfactory.⑤

다음 글 다음에 이어질 순서로 가장 알맞은 것은?

5

From the beginning of human history, people have asked questions about the world and their place within it. For early societies, the answers to the most basic questions were found in religion .

(A) He passed on to his followers not only his answers but also the process of thinking rationally , together with an idea of what kind of explanations could be considered satisfactory.

(B) This shift  marked the birth of philosophy, and the first of the great thinkers that we know of was Thales of Miletus. He used reason to inquire into the nature of the universe, and encouraged others to do likewise.

(C) Some people, however, found the traditional religious explanations inadequate, and they began to search for answers based on reason.

① (A)-(C)-(B)	② (B)-(A)-(C)	③ (B)-(C)-(A)

④ (C)-(A)-(B)	⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

다음 글의 흐름상 빈 칸에 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

inadequate, reason, satisfactory

From the beginning of human history, people have asked questions about the world and their place within it. For early societies, the answers to the most basic questions were found in religion . Some people, however, found the traditional religious explanations (A)[adequate/inadequate], and they began to search for answers based on (B)[emotion/reason]. This shift  marked the birth of philosophy, and the first of the great thinkers that we know of was Thales of Miletus. He used reason to inquire into the nature of the universe, and encouraged others to do likewise. He passed on to his followers not only his answers but also the process of thinking rationally , together with an idea of what kind of explanations could be considered (C)[unsatisfactory/satisfactory].

다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

3 철학의 탄생과 최초의 철학자 탈레스에 관한 글임

From the beginning of human history, people have asked questions about the world and their place within it. For early societies, the answers to the most basic questions were found in religion . Some people, however, found the traditional religious explanations inadequate, and they began to search for answers based on reason. This shift  marked the birth of philosophy, and the first of the great thinkers that we know of was Thales of Miletus. He used reason to inquire into the nature of the universe, and encouraged others to do likewise. He passed on to his followers not only his answers but also the process of thinking rationally , together with an idea of what kind of explanations could be considered satisfactory.

① Fall of Religion & Reborn Philosophy

② Thales of Miletus; Great Religious Leader

③ Birth of Philosophy, and the First Philosopher, Thales

④ Probability in Philosophy of Religion

⑤ A Thinker's Guide to Philosophy of Religion

다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

1

Why doesn’t the modern American accent sound similar to a British accent? After all, didn’t the British colonize the U.S.? Experts believe that British residents and the colonists who settled America all sounded the same back in the 18th century, and they probably all sounded more like modern Americans than modern Brits. The accent that we identify as British today was developed around the time of the American Revolution by people of low birth rank who had become wealthy during the Industrial Revolution. To distinguish themselves from other commoners, these people developed new ways of speaking to set themselves apart and demonstrate their new, elevated social status. In the 19th century, this distinctive accent was standardized as Received Pronunciation and taught widely by pronunciation tutors to people who wanted to learn to speak fashionably.

① Why Do Americans and Brits have Different Accent?

② Linguistic Development in a Modernized Society

③ Which is Acceptable, American Accent or British one?

④ Classification During the Industrial Revolution

⑤ Received Pronunciation Should be Taught By Tutors

다음 문장이 들어갈 위치로 가장 적절한 곳은?

4

To distinguish themselves from other commoners, these people developed new ways of speaking to set themselves apart and demonstrate their new, elevated social status.

Why doesn’t the modern American accent sound similar to a British accent? ①After all, didn’t the British colonize the U.S.? ②Experts believe that British residents and the colonists who settled America all sounded the same back in the 18th century, and they probably all sounded more like modern Americans than modern Brits. ③The accent that we identify as British today was developed around the time of the American Revolution by people of low birth rank who had become wealthy during the Industrial Revolution. ④In the 19th century, this distinctive accent was standardized as Received Pronunciation and taught widely by pronunciation tutors to people who wanted to learn to speak fashionably. ⑤

다음 글의 내용과 일치하는 것은?

4

Why doesn’t the modern American accent sound similar to a British accent? After all, didn’t the British colonize the U.S.? Experts believe that British residents and the colonists who settled America all sounded the same back in the 18th century, and they probably all sounded more like modern Americans than modern Brits. The accent that we identify as British today was developed around the time of the American Revolution by people of low birth rank who had become wealthy during the Industrial Revolution. To distinguish themselves from other commoners, these people developed new ways of speaking to set themselves apart and demonstrate their new, elevated social status. In the 19th century, this distinctive accent was standardized as Received Pronunciation and taught widely by pronunciation tutors to people who wanted to learn to speak fashionably.

① 18세기 영어말투는 현재 영국영어와 유사하다.

② 현대 영국 말투는 산업혁명의 19세기에 형성되었다.

③ 부를 축적한 미국 하층민의 신분상승 과시를 위한 수단

으로 독특한 말투를 사용하게 되었다.

④ 영국말투의 표준어로 통용된 시기는 19세기이다.

⑤ 공교육을 통한 미국 표준어 교육이 시작되었다.

다음 문장 다음에 이어질 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?

2

Why doesn’t the modern American accent sound similar to a British accent? After all, didn’t the British colonize the U.S.? Experts believe that British residents and the colonists who settled America all sounded the same back in the 18th century, and they probably all sounded more like modern Americans than modern Brits.

(A) To distinguish themselves from other commoners, these people developed new ways of speaking to set themselves apart and demonstrate their new, elevated social status.

(B) The accent that we identify as British today was developed around the time of the American Revolution by people of low birth rank who had become wealthy during the Industrial Revolution.

(C) In the 19th century, this distinctive accent was standardized as Received Pronunciation and taught widely by pronunciation tutors to people who wanted to learn to speak fashionably.

① (A)-(C)-(B)	② (B)-(A)-(C)	③ (B)-(C)-(A)

④ (C)-(A)-(B)	⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

다음 빈 칸에 알맞은 연결사를 고르시오.

3

It’s hard enough to stick with goals you want to accomplish, but sometimes we make goals we’re not even thrilled about in the first place. We set resolutions based on what we’re supposed to do, or what others think we’re supposed to do, rather than what really matters to us. This makes it nearly impossible to stick to the goal.     A   , reading more is a good habit, but if you’re only doing it because you feel like that’s what you’re supposed to do, not because you actually want to learn more, you’re going to have a hard time reaching the goal.     B    , make goals based on your own values. Now, this isn’t to say you should read less. The idea is to first consider what matters to you, then figure out what you need to do to get there.

① In contrast	-	For example

② In addition	-	As a result

③ For instance	-	Instead

④ For example	-	In addition

⑤ By the way	-	To sum up

다음 문장이 들어갈 위치로 가장 알맞은 곳은?

4

Instead, make goals based on your own values.

It’s hard enough to stick with goals you want to accomplish, but sometimes we make goals we’re not even thrilled about in the first place. ①We set resolutions based on what we’re supposed to do, or what others think we’re supposed to do, rather than what really matters to us. ②This makes it nearly impossible to stick to the goal. ③For example, reading more is a good habit, but if you’re only doing it because you feel like that’s what you’re supposed to do, not because you actually want to learn more, you’re going to have a hard time reaching the goal. ④Now, this isn’t to say you should read less. ⑤The idea is to first consider what matters to you, then figure out what you need to do to get there.

다음 문장을 보기와 같이 요약하고자 할 때 빈 칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

4

It’s hard enough to stick with goals you want to accomplish, but sometimes we make goals we’re not even thrilled about in the first place. We set resolutions based on what we’re supposed to do, or what others think we’re supposed to do, rather than what really matters to us. This makes it nearly impossible to stick to the goal. For example, reading more is a good habit, but if you’re only doing it because you feel like that’s what you’re supposed to do, not because you actually want to learn more, you’re going to have a hard time reaching the goal. Instead, make goals based on your own values. Now, this isn’t to say you should read less. The idea is to first consider what matters to you, then figure out what you need to do to get there.

[보기]

A   setting goals to live up to others' expectations.

What matters to you should have     B    in setting your own goals.

① Consider	-	the probability

② Consider	-	the preference

③ Consider	-	the perspective

④ Avoid	-	the priority

⑤ Avoid	-	the professionalism

다음 글의 흐름상 어색한 곳을 고르시오.

5

Houston Airport executives faced plenty of complaints regarding baggage claim time, so they increased the number of baggage handlers. ①Although it reduced the average wait time to eight minutes, complaints didn’t stop. ②It took about a minute to get from the arrival gate to baggage claim, so the passengers spent seven more minutes waiting for their bags. ③The solution was to move the arrival gates away from the baggage claim so it took passengers about seven minutes to walk there. ④It resulted in complaints reducing to almost zero. ⑤Research shows unoccupied time feels shorter than occupied time. People usually exaggerate about the time they waited, and what they find most bothersome is time spent unoccupied. Thus, occupying the passengers’ time by making them walk along gave them the idea they didn’t have to wait as long.

다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

2 발상의 전환을 통해 고객의 불평을 잠재운 해결책

Houston Airport executives faced plenty of complaints regarding baggage claim time, so they increased the number of baggage handlers. Although it reduced the average wait time to eight minutes, complaints didn’t stop. It took about a minute to get from the arrival gate to baggage claim, so the passengers spent seven more minutes waiting for their bags. The solution was to move the arrival gates away from the baggage claim so it took passengers about seven minutes to walk there. It resulted in complaints reducing to almost zero. Research shows occupied time feels shorter than unoccupied time. People usually exaggerate about the time they waited, and what they find most bothersome is time spent unoccupied. Thus, occupying the passengers’ time by making them walk along gave them the idea they didn’t have to wait as long.

① How To Attract More Travelers To the Airport

② Think Outside the Box; Fewer Complaints More Satisfaction

③ Tendency of Travelers' Exaggerating about the Time

④ How to Handle Baggage Claim Wisely

⑤ What a Baggage Handler Should Do At the Airport

글의 흐름상 알맞은 것을 고르시오.

4

Houston Airport executives faced plenty of complaints (A) [regard/regarding] baggage claim time, so they increased the number of baggage handlers. Although it reduced the average wait time to eight minutes, complaints didn’t stop. It took about a minute to get from the arrival gate to baggage claim, so the passengers spent seven more minutes waiting for their bags. The solution was to move the arrival gates (B) [closer to /away from] the baggage claim so it took passengers about seven minutes to walk there. It resulted in complaints reducing to almost zero. Research shows occupied time feels shorter than unoccupied time. People usually (C)[downsize/exaggerate] about the time they waited, and what they find most bothersome is time spent unoccupied. Thus, occupying the passengers’ time by making them walk along gave them the idea they didn’t have to wait as long.

①	regard		closer to		downsize
②	regard		closer to		downsize
③	regard		away from		downsize
④	regarding		away from		exaggerate
⑤	regarding		closer to		exaggerate

다음 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 곳은?

4

Houston Airport executives faced plenty of complaints regarding baggage claim time, so they increased the number of baggage handlers.

(A) The solution was to move the arrival gates away from the baggage claim so it took passengers about seven minutes to walk there. It resulted in complaints reducing to almost zero. Research shows occupied time feels shorter than unoccupied time.

(B) People usually exaggerate about the time they waited, and what they find most bothersome is time spent unoccupied. Thus, occupying the passengers’ time by making them walk longer gave them the idea they didn’t have to wait as long.

(C) Although it reduced the average wait time to eight minutes, complaints didn’t stop. It took about a minute to get from the arrival gate to baggage claim, so the passengers spent seven more minutes waiting for their bags.

baggage claim (area): 수하물 찾는 곳

① (A)-(C)-(B)	② (B)-(A)-(C)	③ (B)-(C)-(A)

④ (C)-(A)-(B)	⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

다음 문장이 들어갈 위치로 가장 적절한 곳은?

3

The solution was to move the arrival gates away from the baggage claim so it took passengers about seven minutes to walk there.

Houston Airport executives faced plenty of complaints regarding baggage claim time, so they increased the number of baggage handlers. ①Although it reduced the average wait time to eight minutes, complaints didn’t stop. ②It took about a minute to get from the arrival gate to baggage claim, so the passengers spent seven more minutes waiting for their bags. ③It resulted in complaints reducing to almost zero. Research shows occupied time feels shorter than unoccupied time. ④People usually exaggerate about the time they waited, and what they find most bothersome is time spent unoccupied. ⑤Thus, occupying the passengers’ time by making them walk along gave them the idea they didn’t have to wait as long.

다음 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

1

Having extremely vivid memories of past emotional experiences and only weak memories of past everyday events means we maintain a biased perception of the past. We tend to view the past as a concentrated time line of emotionally exciting events. We remember the arousing aspects of an episode and forget the boring bits. A summer vacation,    (A)  , will be recalled for its highlights, and the less exciting parts will fade away with time, eventually to be forgotten forever.                (B)    , when we estimate how our next summer vacation will make us feel, we overestimate the positive. It seems as though an imprecise picture of the past is one reason for our inaccurate forecasts of the future.

(A)	(B)

① For instance	Thus

② In contrast	In addition

③ Moreover	As a result

④ In addition	Briefly speaking

⑤ Let's say	To sum up

주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?

2

Having extremely vivid memories of past emotional experiences and only weak memories of past everyday events means we maintain a biased perception of the past.

(A) A summer vacation will be recalled for its highlights, and the less exciting parts will fade away with time, eventually to be forgotten forever.

(B) We tend to view the past as a concentrated time line of emotionally exciting events. We remember the arousing aspects of an episode and forget the boring bits.

(C) As a result, when we estimate how our next summer vacation will make us feel, we overestimate the positive. It seems as though an imprecise picture of the past is one reason for our inaccurate forecasts of the future.

① (A)-(C)-(B)	② (B)-(A)-(C)	③ (B)-(C)-(A)

④ (C)-(A)-(B)	⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

다음 빈 칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것은?

1

Having extremely vivid memories of past emotional experiences and only weak memories of past everyday events means we maintain a biased perception of the past. We tend to view the past as a concentrated time line of emotionally exciting events. We remember the arousing aspects of an episode and forget the boring bits. A summer vacation will be recalled for its highlights, and the less exciting parts will fade away with time, eventually to be forgotten forever. As a result, when we estimate how our next summer vacation will make us feel, we                      . It seems as though an imprecise picture of the past is one reason for our inaccurate forecasts of the future.

① overestimate the positive

② underestimate the positive

③ only remember the less exciting parts

④ let the positive part fade away

⑤ tend to remove the biased perception of the past

다음 글의 빈 칸에 들어갈 가장 알맞은 것은?

3

Having extremely vivid memories of past emotional experiences and only weak memories of past everyday events means we maintain a biased perception of the past. We tend to view the past as a concentrated time line of emotionally exciting events. We remember the arousing aspects of an episode and forget the boring bits. A summer vacation will be recalled for its highlights, and the less exciting parts will fade away with time, eventually to be forgotten forever. As a result, when we estimate how our next summer vacation will make us feel, we overestimate the positive. It seems as though an imprecise picture of the past is one reason for                             .

① our balanced perception of the past

② our tendency to view the past as the way it was

③ our inaccurate forecasts of the future

④ our effort to accept what the future will be like

⑤ our emotional past memories being easily forgotten

다음 글을 보기와 같이 요약하고자 할 때 빈 칸에 들어갈 알맞은 단어를 고르시오.

4

우리는 과거에 대한 편향된 인식을 가지고 있기 때문에 과거의 긍정적인 면을 과대평가하는 경향이 있다.

Due to our prejudiced perception of the past, we tend to think highly of the positive of what we did.

Having extremely vivid memories of past emotional experiences and only weak memories of past everyday events means we maintain a biased perception of the past. We tend to view the past as a concentrated time line of emotionally exciting events. We remember the arousing aspects of an episode and forget the boring bits. A summer vacation will be recalled for its highlights, and the less exciting parts will fade away with time, eventually to be forgotten forever. As a result, when we estimate how our next summer vacation will make us feel, we overestimate the positive. It seems as though an imprecise picture of the past is one reason for our inaccurate forecasts of the future.

[보기]

Due to our     A    perception of the past, we tend to think highly of the     B    of what we did.

① biased	-	negative

② biased	-	coincidence

③ prejudiced	-	negative

④ prejudiced	-	positive

⑤ balanced	-	influence

다음 글의 흐름에 맞도록 빈 칸에 적절한 영단어를 쓰시오. (주관식)

A) static electricity.  B) friction   C) lightning

Use a plastic pen and rub it on your hair about ten times and then hold the pen close to small pieces of tissue paper or chalk dust. You will find that the bits of paper or chalk dust cling to the pen. What you have done there is to create a form of electricity called

A    This kind of electricity is produced by   B

, and the pen becomes electrically charged. Static electricity is also found in the atmosphere. During a thunderstorm, clouds may become charged as they rub against each other. The    C    that we often see during a storm is caused by a large flow of electrical charges between charged clouds and the earth.

다음 문장이 들어갈 위치로 가장 적절한 곳은?

3

This kind of electricity is produced by friction, and the pen becomes electrically charged.

Use a plastic pen and rub it on your hair about ten times and then hold the pen close to small pieces of tissue paper or chalk dust. ①You will find that the bits of paper or chalk dust cling to the pen. ②What you have done there is to create a form of electricity called static electricity. ③Static electricity is also found in the atmosphere. ④During a thunderstorm, clouds may become charged as they rub against each other. ⑤The lightning that we often see during a storm is caused by a large flow of electrical charges between charged clouds and the earth.

다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

2  정전기 발생과정을 설명하는 글입니다.

Use a plastic pen and rub it on your hair about ten times and then hold the pen close to small pieces of tissue paper or chalk dust. You will find that the bits of paper or chalk dust cling to the pen. What you have done there is to create a form of electricity called static electricity. This kind of electricity is produced by friction, and the pen becomes electrically charged. Static electricity is also found in the atmosphere. During a thunderstorm, clouds may become charged as they rub against each other. The lightning that we often see during a storm is caused by a large flow of electrical charges between charged clouds and the earth.

① Static Electricity and Current one

② What is Static Electricity?

③ Friction; Be Cautious All the Time

④ How to Prevent the Static Electricity

⑤ How the Thunderstorm Functions in the Atmosphere

빈 칸에 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

1

Use a plastic pen and rub it on your hair about ten times and then hold the pen close to small pieces of tissue paper or chalk dust. You will find that the bits of paper or chalk dust cling to the pen. What you have done there is to create a form of electricity called static electricity. This kind of electricity is produced by friction, and the pen becomes electrically charged. Static electricity is also found in the atmosphere. During a thunderstorm, clouds may become charged as they rub against each other. The lightning that we often see during a storm is caused by a large flow of electrical charges

① between charged clouds and the earth.

② between uncharged clouds and the ocean

③ between charged clouds and the sun

④ between uncharged clouds and the sun

⑤ between uncharged clouds and the earth

다음 빈 칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것은?

3 원문을 약간 변형해서 보기의 매력도를 손봤습니다.(why it is difficult to make causal statements on the basis of correlational observation.)

From a correlational observation, we conclude that one variable is related to a second variable. But neither behavior could be directly causing the other even though there is a relationship. The following example will illustrate                                   . The researchers at the U.S. Army conducted a study of motorcycle accidents, attempting to correlate the number of accidents with other variables such as socioeconomic level and age. They found the best predictor to be the number of tattoos the rider had. It would be a ridiculous error to conclude that tattoos cause motorcycle accidents or that motorcycle accidents cause tattoos. Obviously, a third variable is related to both — perhaps preference for risk. A person who is willing to take risks likes to be tattooed and also takes more chances on a motorcycle.

＊variable: 변인

① how to conclude that a third variable may exist.

② why a hasty judgement can be a risk taker.

③ why causal statements are not easy, when based on      correlational observation.

④ what basis a predictor should put on to achieve more     precise probability.

⑤ why a motorcyclist is willing to take more risks on      the wheel.

다음 문장이 들어갈 가장 적절한 곳은?

5

Obviously, a third variable is related to both — perhaps preference for risk.

From a correlational observation, we conclude that one variable is related to a second variable. But neither behavior could be directly causing the other even though there is a relationship. ①The following example will illustrate why it is difficult to make causal statements on the basis of correlational observation. ②The researchers at the U.S. Army conducted a study of motorcycle accidents, attempting to correlate the number of accidents with other variables such as socioeconomic level and age. ③They found the best predictor to be the number of tattoos the rider had. ④It would be a ridiculous error to conclude that tattoos cause motorcycle accidents or that motorcycle accidents cause tattoos. ⑤A person who is willing to take risks likes to be tattooed and also takes more chances on a motorcycle.               ＊variable: 변인

다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

3

From a correlational observation, we conclude that one variable is related to a second variable. But neither behavior could be directly causing the other even though there is a relationship. The following example will illustrate why it is difficult to make causal statements on the basis of correlational observation. The researchers at the U.S. Army conducted a study of motorcycle accidents, attempting to correlate the number of accidents with other variables such as socioeconomic level and age. They found the best predictor to be the number of tattoos the rider had. It would be a ridiculous error to conclude that tattoos cause motorcycle accidents or that motorcycle accidents cause tattoos. Obviously, a third variable is related to both — perhaps preference for risk. A person who is willing to take risks likes to be tattooed and also takes more chances on a motorcycle.

＊variable: 변인

① 상관관계를 관찰하면 인과관계를 파악할 수 있다.

② 오토바이 사고 예방을 위해 문신시술을 금지해야한다.

③ 상관관계 관찰에 의거 인과관계를 이해하기 힘들다.

④ 위험을 감수하는 사람은 문신시술에 쉽게 노출된다.

⑤ 인과관계에 근거하여 상관관계를 관찰해야 한다.

다음 글을 읽고 상관관계의 관찰을 통해 인과관계를 진술하기가 어려운 이유를 본문의 예를 들어 한글로 설명하시오. (서술형 주관식)

오토바이 사고와 문신의 상호관계는 존재하지만 두 변수사이의 직접적인 인과관계는 존재하지 않는다, 그러므로 제 3의 변수가 존재하며 각 변수와 상호관계가 있다.

From a correlational observation, we conclude that one variable is related to a second variable. But neither behavior could be directly causing the other even though there is a relationship. The following example will illustrate why it is difficult to make causal statements on the basis of correlational observation. The researchers at the U.S. Army conducted a study of motorcycle accidents, attempting to correlate the number of accidents with other variables such as socioeconomic level and age. They found the best predictor to be the number of tattoos the rider had. It would be a ridiculous error to conclude that tattoos cause motorcycle accidents or that motorcycle accidents cause tattoos. Obviously, a third variable is related to both — perhaps preference for risk. A person who is willing to take risks likes to be tattooed and also takes more chances on a motorcycle.

＊variable: 변인

정답 :

다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

1 (Myth or Fact: 이것도 추가해야하는데 정답이 늘어져서 삭제했으니 고려해주세요~)

Do hair and fingernails continue to grow after a person dies? The short answer is no, though it may not seem that way to the casual observer. That’s because after death, the human body dehydrates, causing the skin to shrink, or become smaller. This shrinking exposes the parts of the nails and hair that were once under the skin, causing them to appear longer than before. Typically, fingernails grow about 0.1 millimeters a day, but in order to grow, they need glucose — a simple sugar that helps to power the body. Once the body dies, there’s no more glucose. So skin cells, hair cells, and nail cells no longer produce new cells. Moreover, a complex hormonal regulation directs the growth of hair and nails, none of which is possible once a person dies.

① Hair and Fingernails Continue to Grow After Death?

② Myth or Fact; Is There a World After Death?

③ Space to Visit After Death; Hell or Heaven?

④ A Long Way to March; Entrance to Medical College

⑤ Autopsy Reveals How Human Body Works

사망후 시신이 손톱과 머리가 자라는 것처럼 보이는 이유를 본문에서 찾아 쓰시오.

사망후 탈수로 인해 피부 밑에 있던 손톱과 모발이 밖으로 노출되기 때문에

(한글로 쓰면 ‘잘했어요’ 영어로 쓰면 ‘미쳤어요.’)

Do hair and fingernails continue to grow after a person dies? The short answer is no, though it may not seem that way to the casual observer. That’s because after death, the human body dehydrates, causing the skin to shrink, or become smaller. This shrinking exposes the parts of the nails and hair that were once under the skin, causing them to appear longer than before. Typically, fingernails grow about 0.1 millimeters a day, but in order to grow, they need glucose — a simple sugar that helps to power the body. Once the body dies, there’s no more glucose. So skin cells, hair cells, and nail cells no longer produce new cells. Moreover, a complex hormonal regulation directs the growth of hair and nails, none of which is possible once a person dies.

다음 글의 흐름상 알맞은 어휘를 고르시오.

that's because, longer, them

Do hair and fingernails continue to grow after a person dies? The short answer is no, though it may not seem that way to the casual observer. (A)[That's why/That’s because] after death, the human body dehydrates, causing the skin to shrink, or become smaller. This shrinking exposes the parts of the nails and hair that were once under the skin, causing them to appear (B)[shorter/longer] than before. Typically, fingernails grow about 0.1 millimeters a day, but in order to grow, they need glucose — a simple sugar that helps to power the body. Once the body dies, there’s no more glucose. So skin cells, hair cells, and nail cells no longer produce new cells. Moreover, a complex hormonal regulation directs the growth of hair and nails, but none of (C)[them/which] is possible once a person dies.

다음 문장이 들어갈 가장 알맞은 곳은?

5

Once the body dies, there’s no more glucose.

Do hair and fingernails continue to grow after a person dies? ①The short answer is no, though it may not seem that way to the casual observer. ②That’s because after death, the human body dehydrates, causing the skin to shrink, or become smaller. ③This shrinking exposes the parts of the nails and hair that were once under the skin, causing them to appear longer than before. ④Typically, fingernails grow about 0.1 millimeters a day, but in order to grow, they need glucose — a simple sugar that helps to power the body.  ⑤So skin cells, hair cells, and nail cells no longer produce new cells. Moreover, a complex hormonal regulation directs the growth of hair and nails, none of which is possible once a person dies.

다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적합한 것은?

2

Reading is like skiing. When done well, when done by an expert, both reading and skiing are graceful, harmonious activities. When done by a beginner, both are awkward, frustrating, and slow. Learning to ski is one of the most embarrassing experiences an adult can undergo. After all, an adult has been walking for a long time; he knows where his feet are; he knows how to put one foot in front of the other in order to get somewhere. But as soon as he puts skis on his feet, it is as though he had to learn to walk all over again. He slips and slides, falls down, has trouble getting up, and generally looks — and feels — like a fool. It is the same with reading. Probably you have been reading for a long time, too, and starting to learn all over again would be humiliating.

① How to Ski Safely Without Protective Gears

② How to Read Books; The Classic Guide to Reading

③ How to Balance on the Snow

④ Familarity with Skiing Helps Reading Fast

⑤ First Learn to Ski for a Skillful Reader

다음 문장이 들어갈 가장 적절한 곳은?

5

It is the same with reading.

Reading is like skiing. When done well, when done by an expert, both reading and skiing are graceful, harmonious activities. ①When done by a beginner, both are awkward, frustrating, and slow. ②Learning to ski is one of the most embarrassing experiences an adult can undergo. ③After all, an adult has been walking for a long time; he knows where his feet are; he knows how to put one foot in front of the other in order to get somewhere. ④But as soon as he puts skis on his feet, it is as though he had to learn to walk all over again. He slips and slides, falls down, has trouble getting up, and generally looks — and feels — like a fool. ⑤Probably you have been reading for a long time, too, and starting to learn all over again would be humiliating.

다음 문장 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

5

Reading is like skiing. When done well, when done by an expert, both reading and skiing are graceful, harmonious activities. When done by a beginner, both are awkward, frustrating, and slow. Learning to ski is one of the most embarrassing experiences an adult can undergo.

(A) Probably you have been reading for a long time, too, and starting to learn all over again would be humiliating.

(B) But as soon as he puts skis on his feet, it is as though he had to learn to walk all over again. He slips and slides, falls down, has trouble getting up, and generally looks — and feels — like a fool. It is the same with reading.

(C) After all, an adult has been walking for a long time; he knows where his feet are; he knows how to put one foot in front of the other in order to get somewhere.

① (A)-(C)-(B)	② (B)-(A)-(C)	③ (B)-(C)-(A)

④ (C)-(A)-(B)	⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

다음 빈 칸에 들어갈 알맞은 영단어를 본문에서 찾아 쓰시오. (필요하다면 어형을 변화할 것)

historians / a historian (단수/복수 미표기시 오답)

Studying history can make you more knowledgeable or interesting to talk to or can lead to all sorts of brilliant vocations, explorations, and careers. But even more importantly, studying history helps us ask and answer humanity’s Big Questions. If you want to know why something is happening in the present, you might ask a sociologist or an economist.  But if you want to know deep background, you ask              . That’s because they are the people who know and understand the past and can explain its complex interrelationships with the present.

다음 글의 요지를 보기와 같이 작성할 때 빈 칸에 들어갈 적절한 단어를 쓰시오.

A) the past,   B) the present

조건]  반드시 본문의 단어 (각 2단어)를 쓸 것

필요시 변형 가능함

Studying history can make you more knowledgeable or interesting to talk to or can lead to all sorts of brilliant vocations, explorations, and careers. But even more importantly, studying history helps us ask and answer humanity’s Big Questions. If you want to know why something is happening in the present, you might ask a sociologist or an economist.  But if you want to know deep background, you ask historians. That’s because they are the people who know and understand the past and can explain its complex interrelationships with the present.

⇩

Studying history helps us have the knowledge of   A

and account for its complicated correlation with   B

다음 글이 들어갈 가장 적절한 것은?

4

But if you want to know deep background, you ask historians.

①Studying history can make you more knowledgeable or interesting to talk to or can lead to all sorts of brilliant vocations, explorations, and careers. ②But even more importantly, studying history helps us ask and answer humanity’s Big Questions. ③If you want to know why something is happening in the present, you might ask a sociologist or an economist.  ④That’s because they are the people who know and understand the past and can explain its complex interrelationships with the present.⑤

다음 글 다음에 이어질 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?

2

Social psychologists at the University of Virginia asked college students to stand at the base of a hill while carrying a weighted backpack and estimate the steepness of the hill.

(A) The participants who stood with close friends gave significantly lower estimates of the steepness of the hill than those who stood alone, next to strangers, or next to newly formed friends.

(B) Some participants stood next to close friends whom they had known a long time, some stood next to friends they had not known for long, some stood next to strangers, and the others stood alone during the exercise.

(C) Furthermore, the longer the close friends had known each other, the less steep the hill appeared to the participants involved in the study.

① (A)-(C)-(B)	② (B)-(A)-(C)	③ (B)-(C)-(A)

④ (C)-(A)-(B)	⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

다음중 글의 흐름상 가장 어색한 것을 고르시오.

4  higher ⇾ lower

Social psychologists at the University of Virginia asked college students to stand at the base of a hill ①while carrying a weighted backpack and estimate the steepness of the hill. Some participants stood next to ②close friends whom they had known a long time, some stood next to friends they had not known for long, some stood next to strangers, and the others stood alone ③during the exercise. The participants who stood with close friends gave significantly ④higher estimates of the steepness of the hill than those who stood alone, next to strangers, or next to newly formed friends. Furthermore, the longer the close friends had known each other, ⑤the less steep the hill appeared to the participants involved in the study.

다음 글의 요지로 가장 적합한 것은?

3

Social psychologists at the University of Virginia asked college students to stand at the base of a hill while carrying a weighted backpack and estimate the steepness of the hill. Some participants stood next to close friends whom they had known a long time, some stood next to friends they had not known for long, some stood next to strangers, and the others stood alone during the exercise. The participants who stood with close friends gave significantly lower estimates of the steepness of the hill than those who stood alone, next to strangers, or next to newly formed friends. Furthermore, the longer the close friends had known each other, the less steep the hill appeared to the participants involved in the study.

① 등산의 난이도는 동반자 수에 달려있다

② 휴대용 배낭의 중량이 체감 경사에 영향을 끼친다

③ 동반자의 친밀도가 업무의 체감 난이도에 영향을 준다

④ 산행은 동반자가 있어야 재난사고를 예방할 수 있다.

⑤ 우리가 살아가는 삶의 여정이 산행과 다를 바가 없다.

다음 빈 칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것은?

2

Without a doubt, dinosaurs are a popular topic for kids across the planet. Something about these extinct creatures from long ago seems to hold almost everyone’s attention, young or old, boy or girl. Though we don’t know a lot about dinosaurs, what we do know is fascinating to children of all ages. But why? “I think the reason kids like dinosaurs so much is that dinosaurs were big, were different from anything alive today, and are extinct. So they are            ,” explains Jack Horner, a technical advisor for the Jurassic Park films.

① curiosity extinguishers

② imagination engines

③ conflict terminators

④ teaching leaders

⑤ promising film industries

다음 빈 칸에 들어갈 가장 알맞은 것은?

4

Teachers all over the country would agree. Dinosaurs are studied in classrooms each year, not only for the science behind the topic, but also because of the creative thinking it seems to foster in students. “The best part about this is what happens with their writing,” Jennifer Zimmerman, a primary school teacher in Washington, D.C., says. “I think it’s the    A    of dinosaurs ― the fact that there are still so many things we don’t know ― that inspires them to use that topic in their journals.” Children also feel powerful when asked to draw a dinosaur. Since no one knows what colors dinosaurs actually were, a child can use what information he has ― and his    B    ― to draw a dinosaur as he sees it.

① powerfulness	-	drawing skills

② height	-	drawing skills

③ mystery	-	drawing skills

④ mystery	-	imagination

⑤ motivation	-	imagination

다음 문장이 들어갈 위치로 가장 적절한 곳은?

4

To distinguish themselves from other commoners, these people developed new ways of speaking to set themselves apart and demonstrate their new, elevated social status.

Why doesn’t the modern American accent sound similar to a British accent? ①After all, didn’t the British colonize the U.S.? ②Experts believe that British residents and the colonists who settled America all sounded the same back in the 18th century, and they probably all sounded more like modern Americans than modern Brits. ③The accent that we identify as British today was developed around the time of the American Revolution by people of low birth rank who had become wealthy during the Industrial Revolution. ④In the 19th century, this distinctive accent was standardized as Received Pronunciation and taught widely by pronunciation tutors to people who wanted to learn to speak fashionably. ⑤

다음 빈 칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것은?

2 give someone a second chance 사람을 판단할 때는 신중하라는 의미이므로 second chance 가 적합하다

It is easy to judge people based on their actions. We are often taught to put more value in actions than words, and for good reason. The actions of others often speak volumes louder than their words. However, when someone exhibits some difficult behavior, you might want to reserve judgement for later. People are not always defined by their behavior. It is common to think, “He is so bossy,” or “She is so mean,” after observing lessthandesirable behavior in someone. But you should never make such assumptions right away. You should give someone                 before you label them and shut them out forever. You may find a great coworker or best friend in someone, so don’t eliminate a person from your life based on a brief observation.

① less attention

② a second chance

③ warm advice

④ a harsh criticism

⑤ a ride home

다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오

관계자 귀하:

My wife and I have lived in Smalltown for more than 60 years and ①have enjoyed Freer Park for all that time. When we were young and didn’t have the money to go anywhere else, we would walk there almost every day. Now we are seniors, and my wife must use a wheelchair for ②extended walks. We find that the beautiful walking paths through the park ③ are all but impassable to her. The paths are cracked and littered with rocks and debris that ④make  impossible to roll her chair from place to place. We hope you will devote resources ⑤to restoring the walking paths in Freer Park for all visitors.

Sincerely,

Craig Thomas

위 글의 밑줄 친 우리말에 해당하는 영문을 작성하시오.

To whom it may concern; (수신인을 정확히 알지 못할 때 사용함)

(조건 : Business 서식에 맞추어 5글자로 작성할 것)

위 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

2, 거주기간이 60년이지, 결혼생활은 언급되지 않았다.

① 글쓴이가 젊은 시절 산책하던 공원이다.

② 글쓴이는 결혼한 지 적어도 60년이 지났다.

③ 글쓴이의 배우자는 휠체어를 사용중이다.

④ 배우자의 공원 산책에 어려움을 호소하고 있다.

⑤ 공원 및 산책로 보수에 관한 민원내용이다.

위 글 밑줄친 부분중 어법상 가장 어색한 곳을 고르시오.

4  make it impossible (가목적어 it 가 필요한 구문임)

오답률이 의외로 높은 구문이므로 숙지할 것

다음 글의 우리말에 해당하는 영문을 쓰시오.

twothirds majority

(조건: 단수/복수에 주의할 것, 반드시 영문으로 쓸 것)

When the vote was announced, my brain just would not work out the right percentages to discover whether we had the necessary  2/3 득표수  . Then one of the technicians turned to me with a big smile on his face and said, “You’ve got it!” At that moment, the cameras outside took over and out there in the yard there was a scene of joy almost beyond belief. Then the cameras came back to those of us who were in the studio. I managed to overcome my urge to burst into tears, and expressed my joy and delight that after all these years this had happened and my thanks to my daughters and my family who had shared in the struggle so long.

다음 문장이 들어갈 위치로 가장 적절한 곳은?

2

However, when someone exhibits some difficult behavior, you might want to reserve judgement for later.

It is easy to judge people based on their actions. We are often taught to put more value in actions than words, and for good reason. ①The actions of others often speak volumes louder than their words. ②People are not always defined by their behavior. It is common to think, “He is so bossy,” or “She is so mean,” after observing lessthandesirable behavior in someone. ③But you should never make such assumptions right away. ④You should give someone a second chance before you label them and shut them out forever. ⑤You may find a great coworker or best friend in someone, so don’t eliminate a person from your life based on a brief observation.

다음 빈 칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것은?

1 과거를 과소평가하지 말고 현대를 과대평가해서도 안된다.

In perceiving changes, we tend to regard the most recent  ones as the most revolutionary. This is often inconsistent with the facts. Recent progress in telecommunications technologies is not more revolutionary than what happened in the late nineteenth century in relative terms. Moreover, in terms of the consequent economic and social changes, the Internet revolution has not been as  important as the washing machine and other household appliances. These things, by vastly reducing the amount of work needed for household chores,  allowed women to enter the labor market and virtually got rid of professions like domestic service. We should not□put the telescope backward□when we look into the past and                                              . This leads us to make all sorts of wrong decisions about national economic policy, corporate policies, and our own careers.

① underestimate the old and overestimate the new.

② overestimate the old and underestimate the new.

③ progress the new-technology for the better.

④ make the wrong decision for the human rights.

⑤ learn from what we've been taught by forefathers.

다음을 보기와 같이 요약할 때 빈 칸에 들어갈 알맞은 것을 고르시오.

3 “성급한 판단이 추후 삶에서 도움이 될 수 있는 사람을 미리 없애는 것과 같다”

It is easy to judge people based on their actions. We are often taught to put more value in actions than words, and for good reason. The actions of others often speak volumes louder than their words. However, when someone exhibits some difficult behavior, you might want to reserve judgement for later. People are not always defined by their behavior. It is common to think, “He is so bossy,” or “She is so mean,” after observing lessthandesirable behavior in someone. But you should never make such assumptions right away. You should give someone                 before you label them and shut them out forever. You may find a great coworker or best friend in someone, so don’t eliminate a person from your life based on a brief observation.

[보기]

A   (A)   judgement of people based on their actions is like a elimination of a person likely   (B)   in your life

① brief	-  harmful	② brief	-  wicked

③ hasty -  beneficial	④ hasty -  harmful

⑤ prudent - beneficial

다음 밑줄친 it가 각각 가리키는 내용을 영어 또는 한글로 쓰시오.(정답은 깊은 생각이 필요함)

(A) : a place (to think),

(B) : 앞문장 전체를 받을 수 도 있으며, (A)와 같이 a place를 받을 수 도 있으므로 반드시 학교 선생님이 생각하는 정답을 확인할 것. 추후 논란거리가 될 수 있음.

(원지문의 경우 a place를 받는 것으로 판단됨)

Study the lives of the great people who have made an impact on the world, and you will find that in virtually every case, they spent a considerable amount of time alone thinking. Every political leader who had an impact on history practiced the discipline of being alone to think and plan. Great artists spend countless hours in their studios or with their instruments not just doing, but exploring their ideas and experiences. Time alone allows people to sort through their experiences, put them into perspective, and plan for the future. I strongly encourage you to find a place to think and to discipline yourself to pause and use (A)it because (B)it has the potential to change your life. It can help you to figure out what’s really important and what isn’t.

(A) :

(B) :

다음 빈 칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것은?

2

Without a doubt, dinosaurs are a popular topic for kids across the planet. Something about these extinct creatures from long ago seems to hold almost everyone’s attention, young or old, boy or girl. Though we don’t know a lot about dinosaurs, what we do know is fascinating to children of all ages. But why? “I think the reason kids like dinosaurs so much is that dinosaurs were big, were different from anything alive today, and are extinct. So they are            ,” explains Jack Horner, a technical advisor for the Jurassic Park films.

① curiosity extinguishers

② imagination engines

③ conflict terminators

④ teaching leaders

⑤ promising film industries

다음중 어법상 가장 어색한 곳을 고르시오.

1  buying이 올바른 정답이다

Shopping for new gadgets, clothes, or just random junk can turn into a hobby in itself. If you’d rather save your money, try finding pleasure in creating things rather than ①buy things. We get the same kind of satisfaction from ②making things that we do from buying things. If you draw something you’re proud of or write something you enjoy, you’ve now got a new thing in your life that ③makes you happy. Buying a new gadget might give you a similar rush, but it’s also probably more temporary. Of course, our recommendation can cost money, too. However, when you can’t spend money, you can always learn more about your craft online or practice with ④what you already have. Even if you end up ⑤spending money making things yourself, you’re at least building a skill rather than a collection of stuff that’s quickly decreasing in value.

다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

2 발상의 전환을 통해 고객의 불평을 잠재운 해결책

Houston Airport executives faced plenty of complaints regarding baggage claim time, so they increased the number of baggage handlers. Although it reduced the average wait time to eight minutes, complaints didn’t stop. It took about a minute to get from the arrival gate to baggage claim, so the passengers spent seven more minutes waiting for their bags. The solution was to move the arrival gates away from the baggage claim so it took passengers about seven minutes to walk there. It resulted in complaints reducing to almost zero. Research shows occupied time feels shorter than unoccupied time. People usually exaggerate about the time they waited, and what they find most bothersome is time spent unoccupied. Thus, occupying the passengers’ time by making them walk along gave them the idea they didn’t have to wait as long.

① How To Attract More Travelers To the Airport

② Think Outside the Box; Fewer Complaints More          Satisfaction

③ Tendency of Travelers' Exaggerating about the Time

④ How to Handle Baggage Claim Wisely

⑤ What a Baggage Handler Should Do At the Airport

다음 빈 칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것은?

4

Shopping for new gadgets, clothes, or just random junk can turn into a hobby in itself. If you’d rather save your money, try finding pleasure in                  .

We get the same kind of satisfaction from making things that we do from buying things. If you draw something you’re proud of or write something you enjoy, you’ve now got a new thing in your life that makes you happy. Buying a new gadget might give you a similar rush, but it’s also probably more temporary. Of course, our recommendation can cost money, too. However, when you can’t spend money, you can always learn more about your craft online or practice with what you already have. Even if you end up spending money making things yourself, you’re at least building a skill rather than a collection of stuff that’s quickly decreasing in value.

① purchasing more luxurious items online.

② buying things rather than making things yourself.

③ collecting antique stuff rather than building a skill.

④ creating things rather than buying things.

⑤ experiencing new things around your neighborhood.

다음 빈 칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것은?

2

Overprotective parents spare kids from all natural consequences. Unfortunately, their kids often lack a clear understanding of the reasons behind their parents’ rules. They never learn how to bounce back from failure or how to recover from mistakes because their parents prevented them from making poor choices. Rather than learning, “I should wear a jacket because it’s cold outside,” a child may conclude, “I have to wear a jacket because my mom makes me.” Without an opportunity to experience realworld consequences, kids don’t always understand             . Natural consequences prepare children for adulthood by helping them think about the potential consequences of their choices.

① why they have to face a failure

② why their parents make certain rules.

③ how to interact with other peer groups.

④ how to communicate with their parents.

⑤ the way to attain their goal successfully.

다음 빈 칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것은?

2

Study the lives of the great people who have made an impact on the world, and you will find that in virtually every case, they spent a considerable amount of time alone thinking. Every political leader who had an impact on history practiced the discipline of being alone to think and plan. Great artists spend countless hours in their studios or with their instruments not just doing, but exploring their ideas and experiences. Time alone allows people to sort through their experiences, put them into perspective, and plan for the future. I strongly encourage you to find a place to think and to discipline yourself to pause and use it because                       . It can help you to figure out what’s really important and what isn’t.

① it will devastate your life for good

② it has the potential to change your life

③ it can give you some time to think of history

④ it will help you build up close relationship with others

⑤ it can make you realize nothing is possible

다음 글의 흐름상 빈 칸에 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

inadequate, reason, satisfactory

From the beginning of human history, people have asked questions about the world and their place within it. For early societies, the answers to the most basic questions were found in religion . Some people, however, found the traditional religious explanations (A)[adequate/inadequate], and they began to search for answers based on (B)[emotion/reason]. This shift  marked the birth of philosophy, and the first of the great thinkers that we know of was Thales of Miletus. He used reason to inquire into the nature of the universe, and encouraged others to do likewise. He passed on to his followers not only his answers but also the process of thinking rationally , together with an idea of what kind of explanations could be considered (C)[unsatisfactory/satisfactory].

빈 칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것은?

2

Overprotective parents spare kids from all natural consequences. Unfortunately, their kids often lack a clear understanding of the reasons behind their parents’ rules. They never learn how to bounce back from failure or how to recover from mistakes because

Rather than learning, “I should wear a jacket because it’s cold outside,” a child may conclude, “I have to wear a jacket because my mom makes me.” Without an opportunity to experience realworld consequences, kids don’t always understand why their parents make certain rules. Natural consequences prepare children for adulthood by helping them think about the potential consequences of their choices.

① their parents never gave them any hand.

② their parents prevented them from making poor          choices.

③ their parents encouraged them to think positively.

④ they are taught to make decisions accordingly.

⑤ they don't know how to play basketball.

다음 문장이 들어갈 위치로 가장 적절한 곳은?

5

We should not□put the telescope backward□when we look into the past and underestimate the old and overestimate the new.

In perceiving changes, we tend to regard the most recent  ones as the most revolutionary. ①This is often inconsistent with the facts. ②Recent progress in telecommunications technologies is not more revolutionary than what happened in the late nineteenth century in relative terms. ③Moreover, in terms of the consequent economic and social changes, the Internet revolution has not been as  important as the washing machine and other household appliances. ④These things, by vastly reducing the amount of work needed for household chores,  allowed women to enter the labor market and virtually got rid of professions like domestic service. ⑤This leads us to make all sorts of wrong decisions about national economic policy, corporate policies, and our own careers.

다음 문장이 들어갈 위치로 가장 적절한 곳은?

4

But you should never make such assumptions right away.

It is easy to judge people based on their actions. We are often taught to put more value in actions than words, and for good reason. ①The actions of others often speak volumes louder than their words. However, when someone exhibits some difficult behavior, you might want to reserve judgement for later. ②People are not always defined by their behavior. ③It is common to think, “He is so bossy,” or “She is so mean,” after observing lessthandesirable behavior in someone. ④You should give someone a second chance before you label them and shut them out forever. ⑤You may find a great coworker or best friend in someone, so don’t eliminate a person from your life based on a brief observation.

다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

1

Study the lives of the great people who have made an impact on the world, and you will find that in virtually every case, they spent a considerable amount of time alone thinking. Every political leader who had an impact on history practiced the discipline of being alone to think and plan. Great artists spend countless hours in their studios or with their instruments not just doing, but exploring their ideas and experiences. Time alone allows people to sort through their experiences, put them into perspective, and plan for the future. I strongly encourage you to find a place to think and to discipline yourself to pause and use it because it has the potential to change your life. It can help you to figure out what’s really important and what isn’t.

① Pausing with Intention Expands and Enriches Thinking

② Good Questions are the Heart of Reflection

③ Discipline Yourself to Pause Thinking

④ Key to Understanding What's Important in your Life

⑤ What is My Biggest Asset?

다음 문장이 들어갈 위치로 가장 적절한 곳은?

2

Moreover, in terms of the consequent economic and social changes, the Internet revolution has not been as  important as the washing machine and other household appliances.

In perceiving changes, we tend to regard the most recent  ones as the most revolutionary. ①This is often inconsistent with the facts. Recent progress in telecommunications technologies is not more revolutionary than what happened in the late nineteenth century in relative terms. ②These things, by vastly reducing the amount of work needed for household chores,  allowed women to enter the labor market and virtually got rid of professions like domestic service. ③We should not□put the telescope backward□when we look into the past and underestimate the old and overestimate the new. ④This leads us to make all sorts of wrong decisions about national economic policy, corporate policies, and our own careers.⑤

다음 글을 읽고 물건을 구매하는 것보다 직접 만드는 것이 좋은 이유 3가지를 본문에서 찾아 한글로 쓰시오.

1) 물건을 구매할 때 얻는 것과 동일한 만족감을 얻고 돈도 절약할 수 있다.

2) 물건을 구매할 때의 만족감은 일시적이지만 물건을 직접 만들 때 느끼는 만족감은 더 오래간다.

3) 구매한 물건의 가치는 빠르게 감소하지만, 물건을 만들게 되면 기술을 습득한다.

Shopping for new gadgets, clothes, or just random junk can turn into a hobby in itself. If you’d rather save your money, try finding pleasure in creating things rather than buying things. We get the same kind of satisfaction from making things that we do from buying things. If you draw something you’re proud of or write something you enjoy, you’ve now got a new thing in your life that makes you happy. Buying a new gadget might give you a similar rush, but it’s also probably more temporary. Of course, our recommendation can cost money, too. However, when you can’t spend money, you can always learn more about your craft online or practice with what you already have. Even if you end up spending money making things yourself, you’re at least building a skill rather than a collection of stuff that’s quickly decreasing in value.

1)

2)

3)

다음 문장이 들어갈 위치로 가장 적절한 곳은?

3

This shift  marked the birth of philosophy, and the first of the great thinkers that we know of was Thales of Miletus.

From the beginning of human history, people have asked questions about the world and their place within it. ①For early societies, the answers to the most basic questions were found in religion . ②Some people, however, found the traditional religious explanations inadequate, and they began to search for answers based on reason. ③He used reason to inquire into the nature of the universe, and encouraged others to do likewise. ④He passed on to his followers not only his answers but also the process of thinking rationally , together with an idea of what kind of explanations could be considered satisfactory.⑤

다음 글 다음에 이어질 순서로 가장 알맞은 것은?

5

From the beginning of human history, people have asked questions about the world and their place within it. For early societies, the answers to the most basic questions were found in religion .

(A) He passed on to his followers not only his answers but also the process of thinking rationally , together with an idea of what kind of explanations could be considered satisfactory.

(B) This shift  marked the birth of philosophy, and the first of the great thinkers that we know of was Thales of Miletus. He used reason to inquire into the nature of the universe, and encouraged others to do likewise.

(C) Some people, however, found the traditional religious explanations inadequate, and they began to search for answers based on reason.

① (A)-(C)-(B)	② (B)-(A)-(C)	③ (B)-(C)-(A)

④ (C)-(A)-(B)	⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

다음 빈 칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것은?

2

In perceiving changes, we tend to regard the most recent  ones as the most revolutionary. This is often inconsistent with the facts. Recent progress in telecommunications technologies is not more revolutionary than what happened in the late nineteenth century in relative terms. Moreover, in terms of the consequent economic and social changes, the Internet revolution has not been as  important as the washing machine and other household appliances. These things, by vastly reducing the amount of work needed for household chores,  allowed women to enter the labor market and                                . We should not□put the telescope backward□when we look into the past and underestimate the old and overestimate the new. This leads us to make all sorts of wrong decisions about national economic policy, corporate policies, and our own careers.

① spend more time doing the house chores.

② virtually got rid of professions like domestic service.

③ replace the jobs done by men workers.

④ have the fortune to be promoted higher.

⑤ resist going with the wind accordingly.

다음 글의 요지를 보기와 같이 작성할 때 빈 칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

3

Overprotective parents spare kids from all natural consequences. Unfortunately, their kids often lack a clear understanding of the reasons behind their parents’ rules. They never learn how to bounce back from failure or how to recover from mistakes because their parents prevented them from making poor choices. Rather than learning, “I should wear a jacket because it’s cold outside,” a child may conclude, “I have to wear a jacket because my mom makes me.” Without an opportunity to experience realworld consequences, kids don’t always understand why their parents make certain rules. Natural consequences prepare children for adulthood by helping them think about the potential consequences of their choices.

[보기]

(A)   your kids from experiencing natural consequences can be    (B)    for them to think about the possible results from the choices they make.

①	Encouraging		harmful
②	Encouraging		harmless
③	Preventing		harmful
④	Preventing		harmless
⑤	Protecting		optional

다음 (A), (B), (C)에 들어갈 가장 적절한 어휘를 선택하시오.

5

Study the lives of the great people who have made an impact on the world, and you will find that in virtually every case, they spent a (A)[considerate/considerable] amount of time alone thinking. Every political leader who had an impact on history practiced the discipline of being alone to think and plan. Great artists spend countless hours in their studios or with their instruments not just doing, but (B)[explore/exploring] their ideas and experiences. Time alone allows people to sort through their experiences, put them into perspective, and plan for the future. I strongly encourage you to find a place to think and to discipline (C)[you/yourself] to pause and use it because it has the potential to change your life. It can help you to figure out what’s really important and what isn’t.

①	considerate		exploring		yourself
②	considerate		explore		you
③	considerable		explore		you
④	considerable		explore		yourself
⑤	considerable		exploring		yourself

다음 빈 칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것은?

2

In perceiving changes, we tend to regard the most recent  ones as the most revolutionary. This is often inconsistent with the facts. Recent progress in telecommunications technologies is not more revolutionary than what happened in the late nineteenth century in relative terms. Moreover, in terms of the consequent economic and social changes, the Internet revolution has not been as  important as the washing machine and other household appliances. These things, by vastly reducing the amount of work needed for household chores,  allowed women to enter the labor market and                                . We should not□put the telescope backward□when we look into the past and underestimate the old and overestimate the new. This leads us to make all sorts of wrong decisions about national economic policy, corporate policies, and our own careers.

① spend more time doing the house chores.

② virtually got rid of professions like domestic service.

③ replace the jobs done by men workers.

④ have the fortune to be promoted higher.

⑤ resist going with the wind accordingly.

다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

3 철학의 탄생과 최초의 철학자 탈레스에 관한 글임

From the beginning of human history, people have asked questions about the world and their place within it. For early societies, the answers to the most basic questions were found in religion . Some people, however, found the traditional religious explanations inadequate, and they began to search for answers based on reason. This shift  marked the birth of philosophy, and the first of the great thinkers that we know of was Thales of Miletus. He used reason to inquire into the nature of the universe, and encouraged others to do likewise. He passed on to his followers not only his answers but also the process of thinking rationally , together with an idea of what kind of explanations could be considered satisfactory.

① Fall of Religion & Reborn Philosophy

② Thales of Miletus; Great Religious Leader

③ Birth of Philosophy, and the First Philosopher, Thales

④ Probability in Philosophy of Religion

⑤ A Thinker's Guide to Philosophy of Religion

다음 문장 다음에 이어질 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?

2

Why doesn’t the modern American accent sound similar to a British accent? After all, didn’t the British colonize the U.S.? Experts believe that British residents and the colonists who settled America all sounded the same back in the 18th century, and they probably all sounded more like modern Americans than modern Brits.

(A) To distinguish themselves from other commoners, these people developed new ways of speaking to set themselves apart and demonstrate their new, elevated social status.

(B) The accent that we identify as British today was developed around the time of the American Revolution by people of low birth rank who had become wealthy during the Industrial Revolution.

(C) In the 19th century, this distinctive accent was standardized as Received Pronunciation and taught widely by pronunciation tutors to people who wanted to learn to speak fashionably.

① (A)-(C)-(B)	② (B)-(A)-(C)	③ (B)-(C)-(A)

④ (C)-(A)-(B)	⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

다음 빈 칸에 알맞은 연결사를 고르시오.

3

It’s hard enough to stick with goals you want to accomplish, but sometimes we make goals we’re not even thrilled about in the first place. We set resolutions based on what we’re supposed to do, or what others think we’re supposed to do, rather than what really matters to us. This makes it nearly impossible to stick to the goal.     A   , reading more is a good habit, but if you’re only doing it because you feel like that’s what you’re supposed to do, not because you actually want to learn more, you’re going to have a hard time reaching the goal.     B    , make goals based on your own values. Now, this isn’t to say you should read less. The idea is to first consider what matters to you, then figure out what you need to do to get there.

① In contrast	-	For example

② In addition	-	As a result

③ For instance	-	Instead

④ For example	-	In addition

⑤ By the way	-	To sum up

다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

1

Why doesn’t the modern American accent sound similar to a British accent? After all, didn’t the British colonize the U.S.? Experts believe that British residents and the colonists who settled America all sounded the same back in the 18th century, and they probably all sounded more like modern Americans than modern Brits. The accent that we identify as British today was developed around the time of the American Revolution by people of low birth rank who had become wealthy during the Industrial Revolution. To distinguish themselves from other commoners, these people developed new ways of speaking to set themselves apart and demonstrate their new, elevated social status. In the 19th century, this distinctive accent was standardized as Received Pronunciation and taught widely by pronunciation tutors to people who wanted to learn to speak fashionably.

① Why Do Americans and Brits have Different Accent?

② Linguistic Development in a Modernized Society

③ Which is Acceptable, American Accent or British one?

④ Classification During the Industrial Revolution

⑤ Received Pronunciation Should be Taught By Tutors

다음 문장이 들어갈 가장 적절한 곳은?

5

Obviously, a third variable is related to both — perhaps preference for risk.

From a correlational observation, we conclude that one variable is related to a second variable. But neither behavior could be directly causing the other even though there is a relationship. ①The following example will illustrate why it is difficult to make causal statements on the basis of correlational observation. ②The researchers at the U.S. Army conducted a study of motorcycle accidents, attempting to correlate the number of accidents with other variables such as socioeconomic level and age. ③They found the best predictor to be the number of tattoos the rider had. ④It would be a ridiculous error to conclude that tattoos cause motorcycle accidents or that motorcycle accidents cause tattoos. ⑤A person who is willing to take risks likes to be tattooed and also takes more chances on a motorcycle.               ＊variable: 변인

다음 각 빈 칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것은?

3

In perceiving changes, we tend to regard the most recent  ones as the most revolutionary. This is often (A)[consistent/inconsistent] with the facts. Recent progress in telecommunications technologies is not more revolutionary than what happened in the late nineteenth century in relative terms. Moreover, in terms of the (B)[subsequent/consequent] economic and social changes, the Internet revolution has not been as  important as the washing machine and other household appliances. These things, by vastly (C)[increasing/reducing] the amount of work needed for household chores,  allowed women to enter the labor market and virtually got rid of professions like domestic service. We should not□put the telescope backward□when we look into the past and             underestimate the old and overestimate the new. This leads us to make all sorts of wrong decisions about national economic policy, corporate policies, and our own careers.

①	consistent		consequent		decreasing
②	consistent		consequent		decreasing
③	inconsistent		consequent		decreasing
④	inconsistent		subsequent		increasing
⑤	inconsistent		subsequent		increasing

다음 문장이 들어갈 위치로 가장 알맞은 곳은?

4

Instead, make goals based on your own values.

It’s hard enough to stick with goals you want to accomplish, but sometimes we make goals we’re not even thrilled about in the first place. ①We set resolutions based on what we’re supposed to do, or what others think we’re supposed to do, rather than what really matters to us. ②This makes it nearly impossible to stick to the goal. ③For example, reading more is a good habit, but if you’re only doing it because you feel like that’s what you’re supposed to do, not because you actually want to learn more, you’re going to have a hard time reaching the goal. ④Now, this isn’t to say you should read less. ⑤The idea is to first consider what matters to you, then figure out what you need to do to get there.

다음 문장을 보기와 같이 요약하고자 할 때 빈 칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

4

It’s hard enough to stick with goals you want to accomplish, but sometimes we make goals we’re not even thrilled about in the first place. We set resolutions based on what we’re supposed to do, or what others think we’re supposed to do, rather than what really matters to us. This makes it nearly impossible to stick to the goal. For example, reading more is a good habit, but if you’re only doing it because you feel like that’s what you’re supposed to do, not because you actually want to learn more, you’re going to have a hard time reaching the goal. Instead, make goals based on your own values. Now, this isn’t to say you should read less. The idea is to first consider what matters to you, then figure out what you need to do to get there.

[보기]

A   setting goals to live up to others' expectations.

What matters to you should have     B    in setting your own goals.

① Consider	-	the probability

② Consider	-	the preference

③ Consider	-	the perspective

④ Avoid	-	the priority

⑤ Avoid	-	the professionalism

다음 글의 흐름상 어색한 곳을 고르시오.

5

Houston Airport executives faced plenty of complaints regarding baggage claim time, so they increased the number of baggage handlers. ①Although it reduced the average wait time to eight minutes, complaints didn’t stop. ②It took about a minute to get from the arrival gate to baggage claim, so the passengers spent seven more minutes waiting for their bags. ③The solution was to move the arrival gates away from the baggage claim so it took passengers about seven minutes to walk there. ④It resulted in complaints reducing to almost zero. ⑤Research shows unoccupied time feels shorter than occupied time. People usually exaggerate about the time they waited, and what they find most bothersome is time spent unoccupied. Thus, occupying the passengers’ time by making them walk along gave them the idea they didn’t have to wait as long.

다음 글의 내용과 일치하는 것은?

4

Why doesn’t the modern American accent sound similar to a British accent? After all, didn’t the British colonize the U.S.? Experts believe that British residents and the colonists who settled America all sounded the same back in the 18th century, and they probably all sounded more like modern Americans than modern Brits. The accent that we identify as British today was developed around the time of the American Revolution by people of low birth rank who had become wealthy during the Industrial Revolution. To distinguish themselves from other commoners, these people developed new ways of speaking to set themselves apart and demonstrate their new, elevated social status. In the 19th century, this distinctive accent was standardized as Received Pronunciation and taught widely by pronunciation tutors to people who wanted to learn to speak fashionably.

① 18세기 영어말투는 현재 영국영어와 유사하다.

② 현대 영국 말투는 산업혁명의 19세기에 형성되었다.

③ 부를 축적한 미국 하층민의 신분상승 과시를 위한 수단

으로 독특한 말투를 사용하게 되었다.

④ 영국말투의 표준어로 통용된 시기는 19세기이다.

⑤ 공교육을 통한 미국 표준어 교육이 시작되었다.

다음 글의 흐름에 맞도록 빈 칸에 적절한 영단어를 쓰시오. (주관식)

A) static electricity.  B) friction   C) lightning

Use a plastic pen and rub it on your hair about ten times and then hold the pen close to small pieces of tissue paper or chalk dust. You will find that the bits of paper or chalk dust cling to the pen. What you have done there is to create a form of electricity called

A    This kind of electricity is produced by   B

, and the pen becomes electrically charged. Static electricity is also found in the atmosphere. During a thunderstorm, clouds may become charged as they rub against each other. The    C    that we often see during a storm is caused by a large flow of electrical charges between charged clouds and the earth.

다음 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 곳은?

4

Houston Airport executives faced plenty of complaints regarding baggage claim time, so they increased the number of baggage handlers.

(A) The solution was to move the arrival gates away from the baggage claim so it took passengers about seven minutes to walk there. It resulted in complaints reducing to almost zero. Research shows occupied time feels shorter than unoccupied time.

(B) People usually exaggerate about the time they waited, and what they find most bothersome is time spent unoccupied. Thus, occupying the passengers’ time by making them walk longer gave them the idea they didn’t have to wait as long.

(C) Although it reduced the average wait time to eight minutes, complaints didn’t stop. It took about a minute to get from the arrival gate to baggage claim, so the passengers spent seven more minutes waiting for their bags.

baggage claim (area): 수하물 찾는 곳

① (A)-(C)-(B)	② (B)-(A)-(C)	③ (B)-(C)-(A)

④ (C)-(A)-(B)	⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?

2

Having extremely vivid memories of past emotional experiences and only weak memories of past everyday events means we maintain a biased perception of the past.

(A) A summer vacation will be recalled for its highlights, and the less exciting parts will fade away with time, eventually to be forgotten forever.

(B) We tend to view the past as a concentrated time line of emotionally exciting events. We remember the arousing aspects of an episode and forget the boring bits.

(C) As a result, when we estimate how our next summer vacation will make us feel, we overestimate the positive. It seems as though an imprecise picture of the past is one reason for our inaccurate forecasts of the future.

① (A)-(C)-(B)	② (B)-(A)-(C)	③ (B)-(C)-(A)

④ (C)-(A)-(B)	⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?

5

Shopping for new gadgets, clothes, or just random junk can turn into a hobby in itself. If you’d rather save your money, try finding pleasure in creating things rather than buying things.

(A) However, when you can’t spend money, you can always learn more about your craft online or practice with what you already have. Even if you end up spending money making things yourself, you’re at least building a skill rather than a collection of stuff that’s quickly decreasing in value.

(B) Buying a new gadget might give you a similar rush, but it’s also probably more temporary. Of course, our recommendation can cost money, too.

(C) We get the same kind of satisfaction from making things that we do from buying things. If you draw something you’re proud of or write something you enjoy, you’ve now got a new thing in your life that makes you happy.

① (A)-(C)-(B)	② (B)-(A)-(C)	③ (B)-(C)-(A)

④ (C)-(A)-(B)	⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

2  정전기 발생과정을 설명하는 글입니다.

Use a plastic pen and rub it on your hair about ten times and then hold the pen close to small pieces of tissue paper or chalk dust. You will find that the bits of paper or chalk dust cling to the pen. What you have done there is to create a form of electricity called static electricity. This kind of electricity is produced by friction, and the pen becomes electrically charged. Static electricity is also found in the atmosphere. During a thunderstorm, clouds may become charged as they rub against each other. The lightning that we often see during a storm is caused by a large flow of electrical charges between charged clouds and the earth.

① Static Electricity and Current one

② What is Static Electricity?

③ Friction; Be Cautious All the Time

④ How to Prevent the Static Electricity

⑤ How the Thunderstorm Functions in the Atmosphere

다음 글을 보기와 같이 요약하고자 할 때 빈 칸에 들어갈 알맞은 단어를 고르시오.

4

우리는 과거에 대한 편향된 인식을 가지고 있기 때문에 과거의 긍정적인 면을 과대평가하는 경향이 있다.

Due to our prejudiced perception of the past, we tend to think highly of the positive of what we did.

Having extremely vivid memories of past emotional experiences and only weak memories of past everyday events means we maintain a biased perception of the past. We tend to view the past as a concentrated time line of emotionally exciting events. We remember the arousing aspects of an episode and forget the boring bits. A summer vacation will be recalled for its highlights, and the less exciting parts will fade away with time, eventually to be forgotten forever. As a result, when we estimate how our next summer vacation will make us feel, we overestimate the positive. It seems as though an imprecise picture of the past is one reason for our inaccurate forecasts of the future.

[보기]

Due to our     A    perception of the past, we tend to think highly of the     B    of what we did.

① biased	-	negative

② biased	-	coincidence

③ prejudiced	-	negative

④ prejudiced	-	positive

⑤ balanced	-	influence

글의 흐름상 알맞은 것을 고르시오.

4

Houston Airport executives faced plenty of complaints (A) [regard/regarding] baggage claim time, so they increased the number of baggage handlers. Although it reduced the average wait time to eight minutes, complaints didn’t stop. It took about a minute to get from the arrival gate to baggage claim, so the passengers spent seven more minutes waiting for their bags. The solution was to move the arrival gates (B) [closer to /away from] the baggage claim so it took passengers about seven minutes to walk there. It resulted in complaints reducing to almost zero. Research shows occupied time feels shorter than unoccupied time. People usually (C)[downsize/exaggerate] about the time they waited, and what they find most bothersome is time spent unoccupied. Thus, occupying the passengers’ time by making them walk along gave them the idea they didn’t have to wait as long.

다음 문장이 들어갈 위치로 가장 적절한 곳은?

3

This kind of electricity is produced by friction, and the pen becomes electrically charged.

Use a plastic pen and rub it on your hair about ten times and then hold the pen close to small pieces of tissue paper or chalk dust. ①You will find that the bits of paper or chalk dust cling to the pen. ②What you have done there is to create a form of electricity called static electricity. ③Static electricity is also found in the atmosphere. ④During a thunderstorm, clouds may become charged as they rub against each other. ⑤The lightning that we often see during a storm is caused by a large flow of electrical charges between charged clouds and the earth.

다음 문장이 들어갈 가장 적절한 곳은?

5

It is the same with reading.

Reading is like skiing. When done well, when done by an expert, both reading and skiing are graceful, harmonious activities. ①When done by a beginner, both are awkward, frustrating, and slow. ②Learning to ski is one of the most embarrassing experiences an adult can undergo. ③After all, an adult has been walking for a long time; he knows where his feet are; he knows how to put one foot in front of the other in order to get somewhere. ④But as soon as he puts skis on his feet, it is as though he had to learn to walk all over again. He slips and slides, falls down, has trouble getting up, and generally looks — and feels — like a fool. ⑤Probably you have been reading for a long time, too, and starting to learn all over again would be humiliating.

다음 빈 칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것은?

1

Having extremely vivid memories of past emotional experiences and only weak memories of past everyday events means we maintain a biased perception of the past. We tend to view the past as a concentrated time line of emotionally exciting events. We remember the arousing aspects of an episode and forget the boring bits. A summer vacation will be recalled for its highlights, and the less exciting parts will fade away with time, eventually to be forgotten forever. As a result, when we estimate how our next summer vacation will make us feel, we                      . It seems as though an imprecise picture of the past is one reason for our inaccurate forecasts of the future.

① overestimate the positive

② underestimate the positive

③ only remember the less exciting parts

④ let the positive part fade away

⑤ tend to remove the biased perception of the past

글의 흐름상 알맞은 것을 고르시오.

4

Houston Airport executives faced plenty of complaints (A) [regard/regarding] baggage claim time, so they increased the number of baggage handlers. Although it reduced the average wait time to eight minutes, complaints didn’t stop. It took about a minute to get from the arrival gate to baggage claim, so the passengers spent seven more minutes waiting for their bags. The solution was to move the arrival gates (B) [closer to /away from] the baggage claim so it took passengers about seven minutes to walk there. It resulted in complaints reducing to almost zero. Research shows occupied time feels shorter than unoccupied time. People usually (C)[downsize/exaggerate] about the time they waited, and what they find most bothersome is time spent unoccupied. Thus, occupying the passengers’ time by making them walk along gave them the idea they didn’t have to wait as long.

①	regard		closer to		downsize
②	regard		closer to		downsize
③	regard		away from		downsize
④	regarding		away from		exaggerate
⑤	regarding		closer to		exaggerate

다음 빈 칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것은?

3 원문을 약간 변형해서 보기의 매력도를 손봤습니다.(why it is difficult to make causal statements on the basis of correlational observation.)

From a correlational observation, we conclude that one variable is related to a second variable. But neither behavior could be directly causing the other even though there is a relationship. The following example will illustrate                                   . The researchers at the U.S. Army conducted a study of motorcycle accidents, attempting to correlate the number of accidents with other variables such as socioeconomic level and age. They found the best predictor to be the number of tattoos the rider had. It would be a ridiculous error to conclude that tattoos cause motorcycle accidents or that motorcycle accidents cause tattoos. Obviously, a third variable is related to both — perhaps preference for risk. A person who is willing to take risks likes to be tattooed and also takes more chances on a motorcycle.

＊variable: 변인

① how to conclude that a third variable may exist.

② why a hasty judgement can be a risk taker.

③ why causal statements are not easy, when based on      correlational observation.

④ what basis a predictor should put on to achieve more     precise probability.

⑤ why a motorcyclist is willing to take more risks on      the wheel.

다음 문장이 들어갈 가장 알맞은 곳은?

5

Once the body dies, there’s no more glucose.

Do hair and fingernails continue to grow after a person dies? ①The short answer is no, though it may not seem that way to the casual observer. ②That’s because after death, the human body dehydrates, causing the skin to shrink, or become smaller. ③This shrinking exposes the parts of the nails and hair that were once under the skin, causing them to appear longer than before. ④Typically, fingernails grow about 0.1 millimeters a day, but in order to grow, they need glucose — a simple sugar that helps to power the body.  ⑤So skin cells, hair cells, and nail cells no longer produce new cells. Moreover, a complex hormonal regulation directs the growth of hair and nails, none of which is possible once a person dies.

다음 문장이 들어갈 위치로 가장 적절한 곳은?

3

The solution was to move the arrival gates away from the baggage claim so it took passengers about seven minutes to walk there.

Houston Airport executives faced plenty of complaints regarding baggage claim time, so they increased the number of baggage handlers. ①Although it reduced the average wait time to eight minutes, complaints didn’t stop. ②It took about a minute to get from the arrival gate to baggage claim, so the passengers spent seven more minutes waiting for their bags. ③It resulted in complaints reducing to almost zero. Research shows occupied time feels shorter than unoccupied time. ④People usually exaggerate about the time they waited, and what they find most bothersome is time spent unoccupied. ⑤Thus, occupying the passengers’ time by making them walk along gave them the idea they didn’t have to wait as long.

다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

3

From a correlational observation, we conclude that one variable is related to a second variable. But neither behavior could be directly causing the other even though there is a relationship. The following example will illustrate why it is difficult to make causal statements on the basis of correlational observation. The researchers at the U.S. Army conducted a study of motorcycle accidents, attempting to correlate the number of accidents with other variables such as socioeconomic level and age. They found the best predictor to be the number of tattoos the rider had. It would be a ridiculous error to conclude that tattoos cause motorcycle accidents or that motorcycle accidents cause tattoos. Obviously, a third variable is related to both — perhaps preference for risk. A person who is willing to take risks likes to be tattooed and also takes more chances on a motorcycle.

＊variable: 변인

① 상관관계를 관찰하면 인과관계를 파악할 수 있다.

② 오토바이 사고 예방을 위해 문신시술을 금지해야한다.

③ 상관관계 관찰에 의거 인과관계를 이해하기 힘들다.

④ 위험을 감수하는 사람은 문신시술에 쉽게 노출된다.

⑤ 인과관계에 근거하여 상관관계를 관찰해야 한다.

빈 칸에 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

1

Use a plastic pen and rub it on your hair about ten times and then hold the pen close to small pieces of tissue paper or chalk dust. You will find that the bits of paper or chalk dust cling to the pen. What you have done there is to create a form of electricity called static electricity. This kind of electricity is produced by friction, and the pen becomes electrically charged. Static electricity is also found in the atmosphere. During a thunderstorm, clouds may become charged as they rub against each other. The lightning that we often see during a storm is caused by a large flow of electrical charges

① between charged clouds and the earth.

② between uncharged clouds and the ocean

③ between charged clouds and the sun

④ between uncharged clouds and the sun

⑤ between uncharged clouds and the earth

다음 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

1

Having extremely vivid memories of past emotional experiences and only weak memories of past everyday events means we maintain a biased perception of the past. We tend to view the past as a concentrated time line of emotionally exciting events. We remember the arousing aspects of an episode and forget the boring bits. A summer vacation,    (A)  , will be recalled for its highlights, and the less exciting parts will fade away with time, eventually to be forgotten forever.                (B)    , when we estimate how our next summer vacation will make us feel, we overestimate the positive. It seems as though an imprecise picture of the past is one reason for our inaccurate forecasts of the future.

(A)	(B)

① For instance	Thus

② In contrast	In addition

③ Moreover	As a result

④ In addition	Briefly speaking

⑤ Let's say	To sum up

다음 글을 읽고 상관관계의 관찰을 통해 인과관계를 진술하기가 어려운 이유를 본문의 예를 들어 한글로 설명하시오. (서술형 주관식)

오토바이 사고와 문신의 상호관계는 존재하지만 두 변수사이의 직접적인 인과관계는 존재하지 않는다, 그러므로 제 3의 변수가 존재하며 각 변수와 상호관계가 있다.

From a correlational observation, we conclude that one variable is related to a second variable. But neither behavior could be directly causing the other even though there is a relationship. The following example will illustrate why it is difficult to make causal statements on the basis of correlational observation. The researchers at the U.S. Army conducted a study of motorcycle accidents, attempting to correlate the number of accidents with other variables such as socioeconomic level and age. They found the best predictor to be the number of tattoos the rider had. It would be a ridiculous error to conclude that tattoos cause motorcycle accidents or that motorcycle accidents cause tattoos. Obviously, a third variable is related to both — perhaps preference for risk. A person who is willing to take risks likes to be tattooed and also takes more chances on a motorcycle.

＊variable: 변인

정답 :

다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

1 (Myth or Fact: 이것도 추가해야하는데 정답이 늘어져서 삭제했으니 고려해주세요~)

Do hair and fingernails continue to grow after a person dies? The short answer is no, though it may not seem that way to the casual observer. That’s because after death, the human body dehydrates, causing the skin to shrink, or become smaller. This shrinking exposes the parts of the nails and hair that were once under the skin, causing them to appear longer than before. Typically, fingernails grow about 0.1 millimeters a day, but in order to grow, they need glucose — a simple sugar that helps to power the body. Once the body dies, there’s no more glucose. So skin cells, hair cells, and nail cells no longer produce new cells. Moreover, a complex hormonal regulation directs the growth of hair and nails, none of which is possible once a person dies.

① Hair and Fingernails Continue to Grow After Death?

② Myth or Fact; Is There a World After Death?

③ Space to Visit After Death; Hell or Heaven?

④ A Long Way to March; Entrance to Medical College

⑤ Autopsy Reveals How Human Body Works

다음 글의 빈 칸에 들어갈 가장 알맞은 것은?

3

Having extremely vivid memories of past emotional experiences and only weak memories of past everyday events means we maintain a biased perception of the past. We tend to view the past as a concentrated time line of emotionally exciting events. We remember the arousing aspects of an episode and forget the boring bits. A summer vacation will be recalled for its highlights, and the less exciting parts will fade away with time, eventually to be forgotten forever. As a result, when we estimate how our next summer vacation will make us feel, we overestimate the positive. It seems as though an imprecise picture of the past is one reason for                             .

① our balanced perception of the past

② our tendency to view the past as the way it was

③ our inaccurate forecasts of the future

④ our effort to accept what the future will be like

⑤ our emotional past memories being easily forgotten

다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적합한 것은?

2

Reading is like skiing. When done well, when done by an expert, both reading and skiing are graceful, harmonious activities. When done by a beginner, both are awkward, frustrating, and slow. Learning to ski is one of the most embarrassing experiences an adult can undergo. After all, an adult has been walking for a long time; he knows where his feet are; he knows how to put one foot in front of the other in order to get somewhere. But as soon as he puts skis on his feet, it is as though he had to learn to walk all over again. He slips and slides, falls down, has trouble getting up, and generally looks — and feels — like a fool. It is the same with reading. Probably you have been reading for a long time, too, and starting to learn all over again would be humiliating.

① How to Ski Safely Without Protective Gears

② How to Read Books; The Classic Guide to Reading

③ How to Balance on the Snow

④ Familarity with Skiing Helps Reading Fast

⑤ First Learn to Ski for a Skillful Reader

다음 글 다음에 이어질 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?

2

Social psychologists at the University of Virginia asked college students to stand at the base of a hill while carrying a weighted backpack and estimate the steepness of the hill.

(A) The participants who stood with close friends gave significantly lower estimates of the steepness of the hill than those who stood alone, next to strangers, or next to newly formed friends.

(B) Some participants stood next to close friends whom they had known a long time, some stood next to friends they had not known for long, some stood next to strangers, and the others stood alone during the exercise.

(C) Furthermore, the longer the close friends had known each other, the less steep the hill appeared to the participants involved in the study.

① (A)-(C)-(B)	② (B)-(A)-(C)	③ (B)-(C)-(A)

④ (C)-(A)-(B)	⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

다음 문장 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

5

Reading is like skiing. When done well, when done by an expert, both reading and skiing are graceful, harmonious activities. When done by a beginner, both are awkward, frustrating, and slow. Learning to ski is one of the most embarrassing experiences an adult can undergo.

(A) Probably you have been reading for a long time, too, and starting to learn all over again would be humiliating.

(B) But as soon as he puts skis on his feet, it is as though he had to learn to walk all over again. He slips and slides, falls down, has trouble getting up, and generally looks — and feels — like a fool. It is the same with reading.

(C) After all, an adult has been walking for a long time; he knows where his feet are; he knows how to put one foot in front of the other in order to get somewhere.

① (A)-(C)-(B)	② (B)-(A)-(C)	③ (B)-(C)-(A)

④ (C)-(A)-(B)	⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

다음 빈 칸에 들어갈 알맞은 영단어를 본문에서 찾아 쓰시오. (필요하다면 어형을 변화할 것)

historians / a historian (단수/복수 미표기시 오답)

Studying history can make you more knowledgeable or interesting to talk to or can lead to all sorts of brilliant vocations, explorations, and careers. But even more importantly, studying history helps us ask and answer humanity’s Big Questions. If you want to know why something is happening in the present, you might ask a sociologist or an economist.  But if you want to know deep background, you ask              . That’s because they are the people who know and understand the past and can explain its complex interrelationships with the present.

다음 글이 들어갈 가장 적절한 것은?

4

But if you want to know deep background, you ask historians.

①Studying history can make you more knowledgeable or interesting to talk to or can lead to all sorts of brilliant vocations, explorations, and careers. ②But even more importantly, studying history helps us ask and answer humanity’s Big Questions. ③If you want to know why something is happening in the present, you might ask a sociologist or an economist.  ④That’s because they are the people who know and understand the past and can explain its complex interrelationships with the present.⑤

사망후 시신이 손톱과 머리가 자라는 것처럼 보이는 이유를 본문에서 찾아 쓰시오.

사망후 탈수로 인해 피부 밑에 있던 손톱과 모발이 밖으로 노출되기 때문에

(한글로 쓰면 ‘잘했어요’ 영어로 쓰면 ‘알잖아요.’)

Do hair and fingernails continue to grow after a person dies? The short answer is no, though it may not seem that way to the casual observer. That’s because after death, the human body dehydrates, causing the skin to shrink, or become smaller. This shrinking exposes the parts of the nails and hair that were once under the skin, causing them to appear longer than before. Typically, fingernails grow about 0.1 millimeters a day, but in order to grow, they need glucose — a simple sugar that helps to power the body. Once the body dies, there’s no more glucose. So skin cells, hair cells, and nail cells no longer produce new cells. Moreover, a complex hormonal regulation directs the growth of hair and nails, none of which is possible once a person dies.

다음 글의 요지를 보기와 같이 작성할 때 빈 칸에 들어갈 적절한 단어를 쓰시오.

A) the past,   B) the present

조건]  반드시 본문의 단어 (각 2단어)를 쓸 것

필요시 변형 가능함

Studying history can make you more knowledgeable or interesting to talk to or can lead to all sorts of brilliant vocations, explorations, and careers. But even more importantly, studying history helps us ask and answer humanity’s Big Questions. If you want to know why something is happening in the present, you might ask a sociologist or an economist.  But if you want to know deep background, you ask historians. That’s because they are the people who know and understand the past and can explain its complex interrelationships with the present.

⇩

Studying history helps us have the knowledge of   A

and account for its complicated correlation with   B

다음 빈 칸에 들어갈 가장 알맞은 것은?

4

Teachers all over the country would agree. Dinosaurs are studied in classrooms each year, not only for the science behind the topic, but also because of the creative thinking it seems to foster in students. “The best part about this is what happens with their writing,” Jennifer Zimmerman, a primary school teacher in Washington, D.C., says. “I think it’s the    A    of dinosaurs ― the fact that there are still so many things we don’t know ― that inspires them to use that topic in their journals.” Children also feel powerful when asked to draw a dinosaur. Since no one knows what colors dinosaurs actually were, a child can use what information he has ― and his    B    ― to draw a dinosaur as he sees it.

① powerfulness	-	drawing skills

② height	-	drawing skills

③ mystery	-	drawing skills

④ mystery	-	imagination

⑤ motivation	-	imagination

다음중 글의 흐름상 가장 어색한 것을 고르시오.

4  higher ⇾ lower

Social psychologists at the University of Virginia asked college students to stand at the base of a hill ①while carrying a weighted backpack and estimate the steepness of the hill. Some participants stood next to ②close friends whom they had known a long time, some stood next to friends they had not known for long, some stood next to strangers, and the others stood alone ③during the exercise. The participants who stood with close friends gave significantly ④higher estimates of the steepness of the hill than those who stood alone, next to strangers, or next to newly formed friends. Furthermore, the longer the close friends had known each other, ⑤the less steep the hill appeared to the participants involved in the study.

다음 글의 흐름상 알맞은 어휘를 고르시오.

that's because, longer, them

Do hair and fingernails continue to grow after a person dies? The short answer is no, though it may not seem that way to the casual observer. (A)[That's why/That’s because] after death, the human body dehydrates, causing the skin to shrink, or become smaller. This shrinking exposes the parts of the nails and hair that were once under the skin, causing them to appear (B)[shorter/longer] than before. Typically, fingernails grow about 0.1 millimeters a day, but in order to grow, they need glucose — a simple sugar that helps to power the body. Once the body dies, there’s no more glucose. So skin cells, hair cells, and nail cells no longer produce new cells. Moreover, a complex hormonal regulation directs the growth of hair and nails, but none of (C)[them/which] is possible once a person dies.

Voyon 정답 및 해설