다음 문장이 들어갈 위치로 가장 적절한 곳은? - [18]

2018년 9월 모의고사 고2 변형문제(by www.nernter.com)

너른터 변형문제

- ③

"Additionally, parents have expressed concern for the safety of their children who must cross Pine Street."

Dear Mr. Terry Walter,
I am the principal of Springfield Public School. As you know, Springfield Public School is located at the intersection of First Street and Pine Street. ( ① ) The safety of our children is at risk largely due to the disregard for speed limits by motorists traveling along Pine Street. ( ② ) I have regularly witnessed vehicles traveling far in excess of the speed limit on Pine Street. ( ③ ) For these reasons, we are requesting the installation of speed bumps on Pine Street. ( ④ ) I know that one of your missions, as well as ours, is to ensure that our young people are afforded a safe and secure environment to and from school each day. ( ⑤ ) I anticipate that your approval of this request will greatly improve the safety of our children.

다음 중 가리키는 대상이 다른 하나는? - [19]

- ①

Rivera, who was closest to the dispenser, spun around. ① He cast about, looking for the source of the fire, and for a second Steve thought ② he might miss the smoke. Then Rivera grabbed the burning cylinder and headed for the edge of the flight deck. There was a crack like a rifle shot. Sparks and rockets ripped apart the night. Rivera rolled on the ground. His entire arm was a glowing torch. Steve ran. When ③ he reached the burning man, ④ he plunged to his knees and ripped off his float coat. He used the vest to smother the flames on Rivera’s arm and back, screaming for a medic even though ⑤ he knew he wouldn’t be heard.

다음 글의 어법상 가장 어색한 것은? - [19]

- ⑤

Rivera, ① who was closest to the dispenser, spun around. He cast about, ② looking for the source of the fire, and for a second Steve thought he might miss the smoke. Then Rivera grabbed the ③ burning cylinder and headed for the edge of the flight deck. There was a crack like a rifle shot. Sparks and rockets ripped apart the night. Rivera rolled on the ground. His entire arm was a glowing torch. Steve ran. When he reached the burning man, he plunged to his knees and ripped off his float coat. He used the vest to smother the flames on Rivera’s arm and back, ④ screaming for a medic even though he knew he ⑤ wouldn’t hear.

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 가장 알맞은 것은? - [20]

- ②

When you enter a store, what do you see? It is quite likely that you will see many options and choices. It doesn’t matter whether you want to buy tea, coffee, jeans, or a phone. In all these situations, we are basically flooded with options from which we can choose. What will happen if we ask someone, whether online or offline, if he or she prefers having more alternatives or less? The majority of people will tell us that they prefer having more alternatives. This finding is interesting because, as science suggests, the more options we have, the harder our decision making process will be. The thing is that when the amount of options exceeds a certain level, 　　　              　.

① the less alternatives remain in our category

② our right to selection is overwhelmed

③ our decision making will start to be easier

④ we tend to choose cheaper ones.

⑤ we can see lots of better options

다음 문장이 들어갈 위치로 가장 적절한 곳은? - [20]

- ⑤   ④번 문장 중 'they prefer having more alternatives'가 삽입문의 This finding이 지칭하는 바이므로 ⑤가 정답이 되어야 한다.

"This finding is interesting because, as science suggests, the more options we have, the harder our decision making process will be."

When you enter a store, what do you see? It is quite likely that you will see many options and choices. ( ① ) It doesn’t matter whether you want to buy tea, coffee, jeans, or a phone. In all these situations, ( ② ) we are basically flooded with options from which we can choose. ( ③ ) What will happen if we ask someone, whether online or offline, if he or she prefers having more alternatives or less? ( ④ ) The majority of people will tell us that they prefer having more alternatives. ( ⑤ ) The thing is that when the amount of options exceeds a certain level, our decision making will start to suffer.

다음 글의 어법상 가장 어색한 것은? - [20]

- ③   tell 의 목적어를 이끄는 명사절이 필요. 이하의 문장이 완전하므로 what → that 이 되어야 한다.

When you enter a store, what do you see? It is quite likely that you will see many options and choices. It doesn’t matter ① whether you want to buy tea, coffee, jeans, or a phone. In all these situations, we are basically flooded with options ② from which we can choose. What will happen if we ask someone, whether online or offline, if he or she prefers having more alternatives or less? The majority of people will tell us ③ what they prefer having more alternatives. This finding is interesting because, as science suggests, the more options we have, the harder our decision making process will be. The thing is ④ that when the amount of options exceeds a certain level, our decision making will start ⑤ to suffer.

모의고사 변형문제(by 너른터 www.nernter.com)

2018년 9월 전국연합모의고사 고2

(A),(B),(C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은? - [20]

- ③

When you enter a store, what do you see? It is quite likely that you will see many options and choices. It doesn’t matter whether you want to buy tea, coffee, jeans, or a phone. In all these situations, we are basically flooded with options (A) [which / from which] we can choose. What will happen if we ask someone, whether online or offline, if he or she prefers having more alternatives or less? The majority of people will tell us that they prefer (B) [having / to have] more alternatives. This finding is interesting because, as science suggests, the more options we have, the harder our decision making process will be. The thing is (C) [what / that] when the amount of options exceeds a certain level, our decision making will start to suffer.

① which - to have - what

②  which - to have - that

③ from which - having - that

④ which - having - what

⑤ which - having - that

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 가장 알맞은 것은? - [21]

- ①

What we need in education is not measurement, accountability, or standards. While these can be useful tools for improvement, they should hardly occupy center stage. Our focus should instead be on making sure we are giving our youth an education that is going to arm them to save humanity. We are faced with unprecedented perils, and these perils are multiplying and pushing at our collective gates. We should be bolstering curriculum that helps young people mature into 　　　  　 adults who feel a responsibility to the global community. Without this sense of responsibility we have seen that many talented individuals give in to their greed and pride, and this destroys economies, ecosystems, and entire species. While we certainly should not abandon efforts to develop standards in different content areas, and also strengthen the STEM subjects, we need to take seriously our need for an education centered on global responsibility. If we don’t, we risk extinction.

① ethical	② talented	③ industrious

④ prosocial	⑤ ethnic

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 가장 알맞은 것은? - [21]

- ④

What we need in education is not measurement, accountability, or standards. While these can be useful tools for improvement, they should hardly occupy center stage. Our focus should instead be on making sure we are giving our youth an education 　　　      　　. We are faced with unprecedented perils, and these perils are multiplying and pushing at our collective gates. We should be bolstering curriculum that helps young people mature into ethical adults who feel a responsibility to the global community. Without this sense of responsibility we have seen that many talented individuals give in to their greed and pride, and this destroys economies, ecosystems, and entire species. While we certainly should not abandon efforts to develop standards in different content areas, and also strengthen the STEM subjects, we need to take seriously our need for an education centered on global responsibility. If we don’t, we risk extinction.

*bolster: 강화하다

① which encourages them to be more intelligent

② that can teach them prosocial skills

③ designed to boost their multiple ability

④ whose purpose is to teach them humanity

⑤ that is going to arm them to save earth

다음 글 다음에 이어질 순서로 가장 적절한 것은? - [21]

- ⑤   (A) these subjects / (B) this sense of responsibility / (C) instead 가 연결고리. 원문은 다음 링크 참조 (http://rethinkingeducation.bangordailynews.com/2015/02/25/home/teaching-ethics-for-troubled-times/)

"Our greatest need in education is not measurement and accountability and standards. While these can be useful tools for improvement, they should hardly occupy center stage."

(A) These subjects are art, music, physical education, global education, languages, philosophy, social studies, and literature. While we certainly should not abandon efforts to develop standards in different content areas, and also strengthen the STEM subjects, we need to take seriously our need for an education centered on global responsibility. If we don’t, we risk extinction.

(B) Without this sense of responsibility we have seen that many talented individuals give in to their most base desires of greed and pride, and this destroys economies, ecosystems, and entire species. School in these troubled times should be centered on the subjects that teach empathy for others, respect for the earth, wholeness of self, ingenuity, creativity, and appreciation of the perspectives of others.

(C) Our focus should instead be on making sure we are giving our youth an education that is going to arm them to save humanity. We are faced with unprecedented perils, and these perils are multiplying and pushing at our collective gates. We should be bolstering curriculum that helps young people mature into ethical adults who feel a responsibility to the global community.

다음 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은? - [22]

- ②   concerns

Although we don’t know the full neurological effects of digital technologies on young children’s development, we do know that all screen time is not created ① equal. For example, reading an ebook, videoconferencing with grandma, or showing your child a picture you just took of them is not the same as the passive, televisionwatching screen time that ② gratifies many parents and educators. So, rather than ③ focusing on how much children are interacting with screens, parents and educators are turning their focus instead to what children are ④ interacting with and who is talking with them about their experiences. Though parents may be ⑤ tempted to hand a child a screen and walk away, guiding children’s media experiences helps them build important 21st Century skills, such as critical thinking and media literacy.

다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약하고자 할 때 빈칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것은? - [22]

- ③

Although we don’t know the full neurological effects of digital technologies on young children’s development, we do know that all screen time is not created equal. For example, reading an ebook, videoconferencing with grandma, or showing your child a picture you just took of them is not the same as the passive, televisionwatching screen time that concerns many parents and educators. So, rather than focusing on how much children are interacting with screens, parents and educators are turning their focus instead to what children are interacting with and who is talking with them about their experiences. Though parents may be tempted to hand a child a screen and walk away, guiding children’s media experiences helps them build important 21st Century skills, such as critical thinking and media literacy.

Parents and educators are turning their focus to the ㅤㅤㅤAㅤㅤㅤ of the content children watch as opposed to the ㅤㅤㅤBㅤㅤㅤ of screen time they get.

① validity - serenity	② intensity - quantity

③ quality - amount	④ aspect - integrity

⑤ pattern - feature

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 가장 알맞은 것은? - [22]

- ⑤   수동적인 스크린타임과는 달리 누구와, 무엇을 보느냐가 더 중요해졌다.

Although we don’t know the full neurological effects of digital technologies on young children’s development, we do know that all screen time is not created equal. For example, reading an ebook, videoconferencing with grandma, or showing your child a picture you just took of them is not the same as the passive, television watching screen time that concerns many parents and educators. So, rather than focusing on 　　                                                　　, parents and educators are turning their focus instead to what children are interacting with and who is talking with them about their experiences. Though parents may be tempted to hand a child a screen and walk away, guiding children’s media experiences helps them build important 21st Century skills, such as critical thinking and media literacy.

① how actively children could participate in screen time

② what the advantage of screen time is

③ how we could turn passive children into active ones

④ when children come to develop their neurological abilities.

⑤ how much children are interacting with screens

(A),(B),(C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은? - [23]

- ③

Many parents do not understand why their teenagers occasionally behave in an irrational or dangerous way. At times, it seems like teens don’t think things through or fully (A) [consider / considers] the consequences of their actions. Adolescents differ from adults in the way they behave, solve problems, and make decisions. There is a biological explanation for this difference. Studies have shown that brains continue to mature and develop throughout adolescence and well into early adulthood. Scientists have identified a specific region of the brain that is responsible for immediate reactions (B) [include / including] fear and aggressive behavior. This region develops early. However, the frontal cortex, the area of the brain that controls reasoning and helps us think before we act, (C) [developing / develops] later. This part of the brain is still changing and maturing well into adulthood.

① considers - include - develops

② consider - include - develops

③ consider - including - develops

④ consider - include - developing

⑤ considers - including - develops

다음 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 가장 알맞은 것을 고르시오. - [23]

- ③

Many parents do not understand why their teenagers occasionally behave in an irrational or dangerous way. At times, it seems like teens don’t think things through or fully consider the consequences of their actions. ㅤㅤㅤAㅤㅤㅤ, adolescents differ from adults in the way they behave, solve problems, and make decisions. There is a biological explanation for this difference. Studies have shown that brains continue to mature and develop throughout adolescence and well into early adulthood. Scientists have identified a specific region of the brain that is responsible for immediate reactions including fear and aggressive behavior. This region develops early. ㅤㅤㅤBㅤㅤㅤ, the frontal cortex, the area of the brain that controls reasoning and helps us think before we act, develops later. This part of the brain is still changing and maturing well into adulthood.

*frontal cortex: 전두엽

① however - in fact          ② however - as a result

③ In fact – However         ④ in fact - as a result

⑤ in addition - in fact

다음 문장이 들어갈 위치로 가장 적절한 곳은? - [23]

- ④

"This region develops early."

Many parents do not understand why their teenagers occasionally behave in an irrational or dangerous way. At times, it seems like teens don’t think things through or fully consider the consequences of their actions. ( ① ) Adolescents differ from adults in the way they behave, solve problems, and make decisions. ( ② ) There is a biological explanation for this difference. Studies have shown that brains continue to mature and develop throughout adolescence and well into early adulthood. ( ③ ) Scientists have identified a specific region of the brain that is responsible for immediate reactions including fear and aggressive behavior. ( ④ ) However, the frontal cortex, the area of the brain that controls reasoning and helps us think before we act, develops later. ( ⑤ ) This part of the brain is still changing and maturing well into adulthood.

*frontal cortex: 전두엽

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 가장 알맞은 것은? - [23]

- ⑤

Many parents do not understand why their teenagers occasionally behave in an irrational or dangerous way. At times, it seems like teens don’t think things through or fully consider the consequences of their actions. Adolescents differ from adults in the way they behave, solve problems, and make decisions. There is a biological explanation for this difference. Studies have shown that brains continue to mature and develop throughout adolescence and well into early adulthood. Scientists have identified a specific region of the brain that is responsible for immediate reactions including fear and aggressive behavior. This region develops early. However, the frontal cortex, the area of the brain that controls reasoning and helps us think before we act, develops later. This part of the brain 　　         　　　.

*frontal cortex: 전두엽

① is responsible for irrational behaviors

② is related to biological explanation for intelligence

③ never changes until teenagers becomes adulthood

④ changes between childhood and adolescence

⑤ is constantly going to evolve into adulthood

다음 글의 어법상 가장 어색한 것은? - [24]

- ⑤   followed

The graph above shows the division of labor in households ① where both parents work fulltime in 2015. The percentage of “mother does more” households in every category is higher than that of “father does more” households.② While the category with the highest percentage of “mother does more” households is “Managing children’s schedules/activities,” the category with the highest percentage of “father does more” households ③ is “Disciplining children.” When it comes to taking care of children when they’re sick, the percentage of “mother does more” households is the same as that of “share equally” households. The percentage of “share equally” households is over two times higher than that of “mother does more” households in three categories. The category ④ that shows the highest percentage of “share equally” households is “Playing or doing activities with children,” ⑤ following by the category “Disciplining children.”

다음 글의 어법상 가장 어색한 것은? - [25]

- ③

Shah Rukh Khan is an Indian film actor and producer. Khan studied economics in college but spent much of his time at Delhi’s Theatre Action Group, ① where he studied acting. He moved from Delhi to Mumbai to pursue a fulltime career in Bollywood, ② which led him to great fame. ③ Referring to in the media as the “King of Bollywood” or “King Khan,” he has appeared in more than 80 Bollywood films. In 2007, the French government awarded Khan the Order of Arts and Letters for his contribution to cinema. He is regularly ④ featured on lists of the most influential people in Indian culture, and in 2008, he ⑤ was chosen as one of the 50 most powerful people in the world. Khan’s philanthropic endeavors have provided health care and disaster relief, and he was honored with UNESCO’s Pyramide con Marni award in 2011 for his support of children’s education.

Shah Rukh Khan에 관한 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? - [25]

- ⑤

Shah Rukh Khan is an Indian film actor and producer. Khan studied economics in college but spent much of his time at Delhi’s Theatre Action Group, where he studied acting. He moved from Delhi to Mumbai to pursue a fulltime career in Bollywood, which led him to great fame. Referred to in the media as the “King of Bollywood” or “King Khan,” he has appeared in more than 80 Bollywood films. In 2007, the French government awarded Khan the Order of Arts and Letters for his contribution to cinema. He is regularly featured on lists of the most influential people in Indian culture, and in 2008, he was chosen as one of the 50 most powerful people in the world. Khan’s philanthropic endeavors have provided health care and disaster relief, and he was honored with UNESCO’s Pyramide con Marni award in 2011 for his support of children’s education.

① 대학에서 경제학을 공부했지만 많은 시간을 Delhi’s Theatre Action Group에서 연기를 공부했다.

② 연기를 전업으로 하고자 Delhi에서 Mumbai로 이주했다.

③ 2007년에 프랑스 정부는 영화에 대한 그의 공로를 인정해주었다.

④ 2008년에는 가장 영향력 있는 50인 중에 한명으로 선정되었다.

⑤ 그의 의료서비스와 재난구호의 박애주의적 활동으로 UNESCO에서 상도 받았다.

다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? - [26]

- ⑤   한시부터 네시까지 매 30분마다 시작한다.

Come visit Dancing Rabbit Ecovillage and see how our people create an environmentally friendly culture!
Regular Tours
•Dates: 2nd and 4th Saturdays of every month(Apr. to Oct.)
•Hours: 1 p.m.-3 p.m.
•Price: Free of charge
Special Tours
If you are unable to come to our regularly scheduled Saturday tour, you can email us to schedule an alternate tour.(Email: info@rabbitecov.org)
•1 person: $15
•Groups of 2-4 people: $25 per group
•Groups of 5 or more people: $5 per person
Annual Open House
•Date: Saturday, September 8, 2018
•Free tours begin every half hour from 1 p.m. to 4 p.m.
For more information, please call 567-555-8899.

① Dancing Rabbit Ecovillage는 환경 친화적 문화를 만들어 가고 있다.

② 토요 정기 투어에 참석할 수 없는 경우에는 대체할 수 있는 투어를 신청할 수 있다.

③ 특별 투어는 참석 인원에 따라 비용이 다르다.

④ 정기투어는 한달에 두번 운영된다.

⑤ Annual Open House의 무료 투어는 한시반부터 네시까지 이다.

다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? - [26]

- ⑤   그룹당 25달러이다

Come visit Dancing Rabbit Ecovillage and see how our people create an environmentally friendly culture!
Regular Tours
•Dates: 2nd and 4th Saturdays of every month(Apr. to Oct.)
•Hours: 1 p.m.-3 p.m.
•Price: Free of charge
Special Tours
If you are unable to come to our regularly scheduled Saturday tour, you can email us to schedule an alternate tour.(Email: info@rabbitecov.org)
•1 person: $15
•Groups of 2-4 people: $25 per group
•Groups of 5 or more people: $5 per person
Annual Open House
•Date: Saturday, September 8, 2018
•Free tours begin every half hour from 1 p.m. to 4 p.m.
For more information, please call 567-555-8899.

① 정기 투어 참석은 4월부터 10월까지만 가능하다.

② 스페셜 투어의 신청은 메일을 보내면 된다.

③ 연례 오픈 하우스 행사는 9월에 열린다

④ 정규 투어는 2시간 동안 진행된다.

⑤ 스페셜 투어에 참석하는 2~4인 그룹은 개인당 25달러이다.

다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? - [26]

- ④

Come visit Dancing Rabbit Ecovillage and see how our people create an environmentally friendly culture!
Regular Tours
•Dates: 2nd and 4th Saturdays of every month(Apr. to Oct.)
•Hours: 1 p.m.-3 p.m.
•Price: Free of charge
Special Tours
If you are unable to come to our regularly scheduled Saturday tour, you can email us to schedule an alternate tour.(Email: info@rabbitecov.org)
•1 person: $15
•Groups of 2-4 people: $25 per group
•Groups of 5 or more people: $5 per person
Annual Open House
•Date: Saturday, September 8, 2018
•Free tours begin every half hour from 1 p.m. to 4 p.m.
For more information, please call 567-555-8899.

① Regular Tours are held twice a month.

② Participation fee for four and five people on the special Tours is the same.

③ Annual Open House is held once a year.

④ Only regular Tours are free on the Dancing Rabbit Ecovillage Tours.

⑤ Annual Open House tour lasts for three hours.

(A),(B),(C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은? - [27]

- ②

A Midsummer Night's Dream Audition
a musical(A) [adaptation / adoption] of the William Shakespeare play
We are looking for dancers for the musical A Midsummer Night’s Dream that will open at the Elliot Arts Center in the spring of 2019.
∙ Where: Studio Vahn
(B) [Audition / Requirement]
∙ a modern/ballet dance background
∙ ability to sing preferred
∙ no prior stage experience required
(C) [Deadline / Registration]
∙ If you are interested in auditioning, email us at casting@studiovahn.com.
For more information, visit www.studiovahn.com.

① adoption - Audition - Registration

② adaptation - Requirement - Registration

③ adaptation - Requirement - Deadline

④ adoption - Requirement - Registration

⑤ adoption - Audition - Deadline

다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? - [27]

- ③   10대만 보호자 동의서가 필요하고 그외는 안필요하다.

A Midsummer Night's Dream Audition
a musical adaptation of the William Shakespeare play
We are looking for dancers for the musical A Midsummer Night’s Dream that will open at the Elliot Arts Center in the spring of 2019.
∙ When:
-Saturday, Dec. 15, 2018(9 a.m. until 6 p.m.)
-Sunday, Dec. 16, 2018(9 a.m. until 11 a.m.)
∙ Where: Studio Vahn
Requirement
∙ a modern/ballet dance background
∙ ability to sing preferred
∙ no prior stage experience required
Registration
∙ If you are interested in auditioning, email us at casting@studiovahn.com.
∙ Please include in your email:
-a completed application form with current photos
-a signed guardian consent form(only teens)
∙ All applications must be received by Friday, Nov. 30, 2018.
For more information, visit www.studiovahn.com.

① Applicants can participate in the audition even if they don't have stage experience.

② This audition is for recruiting dancers.

③ All applicants will need signed consent from the guardian.

④ Audition for applicants will be held for two days.

⑤ Applicants can apply for an audition by email.

다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? - [28]

- ③

Are cats liquid or solid? That’s the kind of question that could win a scientist an Ig Nobel Prize, a parody of the Nobel Prize that honors research that “makes people laugh, then think.” But it wasn’t with this in mind that MarcAntoine Fardin, a physicist at Paris Diderot University, set out to find out whether house cats flow. Fardin noticed that these furry pets can adapt to the shape of the container they sit in similarly to what fluids such as water do. So he applied rheology, the branch of physics that deals with the deformation of matter, to calculate the time it takes for cats to take up the space of a vase or bathroom sink. The conclusion? Cats can be either liquid or solid, depending on the circumstances. A cat in a small box will behave like a fluid, filling up all the space. But a cat in a bathtub full of water will try to minimize its contact with it and behave very much like a solid.

① Infection Transmitted from Cats to Humans

② Reasons For Cats To Lick Their Bodies

③ A Cat That Behaves Like a Liquid or a Solid

④ Cats' Hunting And Feeding

⑤ Main Habitats Suitable For Cats

(주관식) 다음을 조건에 맞게 영작하시오 - [28]

- makes people laugh, then think

Are cats liquid or solid? That’s the kind of question that could win a scientist an Ig Nobel Prize, a parody of the Nobel Prize that honors research that “ 사람들을 웃게 한 다음 생각하게 하는.” But it wasn’t with this in mind that MarcAntoine Fardin, a physicist at Paris Diderot University, set out to find out whether house cats flow. Fardin noticed that these furry pets can adapt to the shape of the container they sit in similarly to what fluids such as water do. So he applied rheology, the branch of physics that deals with the deformation of matter, to calculate the time it takes for cats to take up the space of a vase or bathroom sink. The conclusion? Cats can be either liquid or solid, depending on the circumstances. A cat in a small box will behave like a fluid, filling up all the space. But a cat in a bathtub full of water will try to minimize its contact with it and behave very much like a solid.

[ 조건 ] 다음 영단어를 포함한 5개의 영단어로 된 문장으로 작성할 것

( make, laugh, think )

다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약하고자 할 때 빈칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것은? - [28]

- ②

Are cats liquid or solid? That’s the kind of question that could win a scientist an Ig Nobel Prize, a parody of the Nobel Prize that honors research that “makes people laugh, then think.” But it wasn’t with this in mind that MarcAntoine Fardin, a physicist at Paris Diderot University, set out to find out whether house cats flow. Fardin noticed that these furry pets can adapt to the shape of the container they sit in similarly to what fluids such as water do. So he applied rheology, the branch of physics that deals with the deformation of matter, to calculate the time it takes for cats to take up the space of a vase or bathroom sink. The conclusion? Cats can be either liquid or solid, depending on the circumstances. A cat in a small box will behave like a fluid, filling up all the space. But a cat in a bathtub full of water will try to minimize its contact with it and behave very much like a solid.

Cats are very flexible and can mold into almost any shape. They use their ㅤㅤㅤAㅤㅤㅤ to reach nearly every part of their body to groom. If the container is small, cats can adapt to the shape quickly. If the container is large, cats still enjoy the space but retain their ㅤㅤㅤBㅤㅤㅤ state.

① mobility - solid

② flexibility - solid

③ agility - liquid

④ flexibility - liquid

⑤ agility - solid

다음 중 가리키는 대상이 다른 하나는? - [28]

- ⑤

Are cats liquid or solid? That’s the kind of question that could win a scientist an Ig Nobel Prize, a parody of the Nobel Prize that honors research that “makes people laugh, then think.” But it wasn’t with this in mind that MarcAntoine Fardin, a physicist at Paris Diderot University, set out to find out whether house ① cats flow. Fardin noticed that these ② furry pets can adapt to the shape of the container they sit in similarly to what fluids such as water do. So he applied rheology, the branch of physics that deals with the deformation of matter, to calculate the time it takes for ③ them to take up the space of a vase or bathroom sink. The conclusion? ④ They can be either liquid or solid, depending on the circumstances. A cat in a small box will behave like a fluid, filling up all the space. But a cat in a bathtub full of water will try to minimize its contact with ⑤ it and behave very much like a solid.

(A),(B),(C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은? - [28]

- ④

Are cats liquid or solid? That’s the kind of question that could win a scientist an Ig Nobel Prize, a parody of the Nobel Prize that honors research that “makes people laugh, then think.” But it wasn’t with this in mind (A) [that / which] MarcAntoine Fardin, a physicist at Paris Diderot University, set out to find out whether house cats flow. Fardin noticed that these furry pets can adapt to the shape of the container they sit in similarly to what fluids such as water do. So he applied rheology, the branch of physics that deals with the deformation of matter, (B) [calculating / to calculate] the time it takes for cats to take up the space of a vase or bathroom sink. The conclusion? Cats can be either liquid or solid, depending on the circumstances. A cat in a small box will behave like a fluid, filling up all the space. But a cat in a bathtub full of water will try to minimize its contact with it and behave very (C) [more / much] like a solid.

① which - calculating - more

② that - calculating - much

③ that - to calculate - more

④ that - to calculate - much

⑤ which - to calculate - more

다음 문장이 들어갈 위치로 가장 적절한 곳은? - [28]

- ④

"Cats can be either liquid or solid, depending on the circumstances."

Are cats liquid or solid? That’s the kind of question that could win a scientist an Ig Nobel Prize, a parody of the Nobel Prize that honors research that “makes people laugh, then think.” ( ① ) But it wasn’t with this in mind that MarcAntoine Fardin, a physicist at Paris Diderot University, set out to find out whether house cats flow.  ( ② ) Fardin noticed that these furry pets can adapt to the shape of the container they sit in similarly to what fluids such as water do. ( ③ ) So he applied rheology, the branch of physics that deals with the deformation of matter, to calculate the time it takes for cats to take up the space of a vase or bathroom sink. The conclusion? ( ④ ) A cat in a small box will behave like a fluid, filling up all the space. ( ⑤ ) But a cat in a bathtub full of water will try to minimize its contact with it and behave very much like a solid.

다음 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은? - [29]

- ④   being attractive -> being less attractive

A phenomenon in social psychology, the Pratfall Effect states that an individual’s perceived attractiveness increases or decreases after he or she makes a mistake―① depending on the individual’s perceived capability. ② As celebrities are generally considered to be competent individuals, and ③ often even presented as perfect in certain fields, committing blunders will make one’s humanness endearing to others. Basically, ④ those who never make mistakes are perceived as being attractive and “likable” than those who make occasional mistakes. Perfection, or the attribution of that quality to individuals, creates a perceived distance that the general public cannot relate to―making those who never make mistakes perceived as being less attractive or likable. However, this can also have the opposite effect―if a perceived average or less than average competent person makes a mistake, ⑤ he or she will lessen the attraction

(주관식) 다음 글을 읽고 Pratfall Effect를 우리말로 약술하시오. - [29]

- 사람이 실수를 하면 평소 그 사람에 대해 인식하고 있는 능력에 따라 매력도가 상승 또는 하락한다.

A phenomenon in social psychology, the Pratfall Effect states that an individual’s perceived attractiveness increases or decreases after he or she makes a mistake―depending on the individual’s perceived competence. As celebrities are generally considered to be competent individuals, and often even presented as flawless or perfect in certain aspects, committing blunders will make one’s humanness endearing to others. Basically, those who never make mistakes are perceived as being less attractive and “likable” than those who make occasional mistakes. Perfection, or the attribution of that quality to individuals, creates a perceived distance that the general public cannot relate to―making those who never make mistakes perceived as being less attractive or likable. However, this can also have the opposite effect―if a perceived average or less than average competent person makes a mistake, he or she will be less attractive and likable to others.

다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? - [29]

- ③

A phenomenon in social psychology, the Pratfall Effect states that an individual’s perceived attractiveness increases or decreases after he or she makes a mistake―depending on the individual’s perceived competence. As celebrities are generally considered to be competent individuals, and often even presented as flawless or perfect in certain aspects, committing blunders will make one’s humanness endearing to others. Basically, those who never make mistakes are perceived as being less attractive and “likable” than those who make occasional mistakes. Perfection, or the attribution of that quality to individuals, creates a perceived distance that the general public cannot relate to―making those who never make mistakes perceived as being less attractive or likable. However, this can also have the opposite effect―if a perceived average or less than average competent person makes a mistake, he or she will be less attractive and likable to others.

*blunder: 부주의하거나 어리석은 실수

① Pratfall Effect는 어느 개인의 실수 이후 그 사람의 매력도가 상승 또는 하락할 수 있다는 점을 가리킨다

② 평소 완벽하게 인식 되있는 유명인의 실수는 그의 인간적인 모습으로 비춰지므로 더욱 호감을 갖게 된다

③ 젼혀 실수를 하지 않는 완벽한 사람의 매력도는 다른 대조군의 사람보다 높다고 생각된다.

④ 개인이 지니고 있는 완벽함은 일반인들에게 괴리감을 느끼게 한다.

⑤ 평균 이하의 능력을 지닌 것으로 생각되는 사람이 실수를 하면 매력도가 더욱 하락한다.

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 가장 알맞은 것은? - [29]

- ③

A phenomenon in social psychology, the Pratfall Effect states that an individual’s perceived attractiveness increases or decreases after he or she makes a mistake―depending on the individual’s perceived competence. As celebrities are generally considered to be competent individuals, and often even presented as flawless or perfect in certain aspects, committing blunders will make one’s humanness endearing to others. Basically, those who never make mistakes are perceived as being less attractive and “likable” than those who make occasional mistakes. Perfection, or the attribution of that quality to individuals, creates 　　　　　 that the general public cannot relate to―making those who never make mistakes perceived as being less attractive or likable. However, this can also have the opposite effect―if a perceived average or less than average competent person makes a mistake, he or she will be less attractive and likable to others.

① a sense of kinship          ② a close fellowship

③ a perceived distance        ④ a connectedness

⑤ a natural abundance

다음 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 가장 알맞은 것을 고르시오. - [29]

- ③

A phenomenon in social psychology, the Pratfall Effect states that an individual’s perceived attractiveness increases or decreases after he or she makes a mistake―depending on the individual’s perceived competence. As celebrities are generally considered to be competent individuals, and often even presented as flawless or perfect in certain aspects, committing blunders will make one’s humanness endearing to others. ㅤㅤㅤAㅤㅤㅤ, those who never make mistakes are perceived as being less attractive and “likable” than those who make occasional mistakes. Perfection, or the attribution of that quality to individuals, creates a perceived distance that the general public cannot relate to―making those who never make mistakes perceived as being less attractive or likable. ㅤㅤㅤBㅤㅤㅤ, this can also have the opposite effect―if a perceived average or less than average competent person makes a mistake, he or she will be less attractive and likable to others.

① Basically - Otherwise

② Furthermore - Likewise

③ Fundamentally - However

④ Besides - Moreover

⑤ Additionally - Instead

다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약하고자 할 때 빈칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것은? - [29]

- ⑤

A phenomenon in social psychology, the Pratfall Effect states that an individual’s perceived attractiveness increases or decreases after he or she makes a mistake―depending on the individual’s perceived competence. As celebrities are generally considered to be competent individuals, and often even presented as flawless or perfect in certain aspects, committing blunders will make one’s humanness endearing to others. Basically, those who never make mistakes are perceived as being less attractive and “likable” than those who make occasional mistakes. Perfection, or the attribution of that quality to individuals, creates a perceived distance that the general public cannot relate to―making those who never make mistakes perceived as being less attractive or likable. However, this can also have the opposite effect―if a perceived average or less than average competent person makes a mistake, he or she will be less attractive and likable to others.

*blunder: 부주의하거나 어리석은 실수

It is how ㅤㅤㅤAㅤㅤㅤ one seems to us that makes a difference in our perceiving the person as either ㅤㅤㅤBㅤㅤㅤ or not after he or she makes a mistake.

① familar - competent

② familiar - peculiar

③ famous - acceptable

④ competent - distant

⑤ competent - likable

다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은? - [30]

- ③

A lovely little girl was holding two apples with both hands. Her mom came in and softly asked her little daughter with a smile, “My sweetie, could you give your mom one of your two apples?” The girl looked up at her for some seconds. Then she suddenly took a quick bite of one apple, and then quickly of the other. Although the mom felt the smile on her face freeze, she tried hard not to reveal her disappointment. Then the little girl handed one of her bitten apples to her, and said, “Mommy, here you are. This is the sweeter one.” There, she realized no matter who you are, how experienced you are, and how knowledgeable you think you are, you should always delay judgment.

① We may leap to the final faster than others

② We'd better form a hasty conclusion

③ We shouldn't rush to conclusion

④ We can't help judging rashly

⑤ We tend to jump to conclusions at times

다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약하고자 할 때 빈칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것은? - [30]

- ④

A lovely little girl was holding two apples with both hands. Her mom came in and softly asked her little daughter with a smile, “My sweetie, could you give your mom one of your two apples?” The girl looked up at her for some seconds. Then she suddenly took a quick bite of one apple, and then quickly of the other. Although the mom felt the smile on her face freeze, she tried hard not to reveal her disappointment. Then the little girl handed one of her bitten apples to her, and said, “Mommy, here you are. This is the sweeter one.” There, she realized no matter who you are, how experienced you are, and how knowledgeable you think you are, you should always delay judgment.

We shouldn't ㅤㅤㅤAㅤㅤㅤ to conclusion, based on insufficient and biasedㅤㅤㅤBㅤㅤㅤ.

① object - proof

② look forward - judgment

③ react - experience

④ rush - evidence

⑤ leap - experiment

다음 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은? - [31]

- ⑤   temporary → everlasting

Online environments vary widely in how easily you can save whatever happens there, what I call its recordability and preservability. Even though the design, activities, and membership of social media might change over time, the content of what people posted usually remains ① sound. Email, video, audio, and text messages can be saved. When perfect preservation is possible, time has been ② frozen. Whenever you want, you can go back to reexamine those events from the past. In other situations, ③ permanency slips between our fingers, even challenging our reality testing about whether something existed at all, as when an email that we seem to remember receiving mysteriously ④ disappears from our inbox. The slightest accidental tap of the finger can send an otherwise ⑤ temporary document into nothingness.

(A),(B),(C)의 각 네모 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 가장 적절한 것은? - [31]

- ④

Online environments vary widely in how easily you can save whatever happens there, (A) [what / which] I call its recordability and preservability. Even though the design, activities, and membership of social media might change over time, the content of what people posted usually remains intact. Email, video, audio, and text messages can be saved. When perfect preservation is possible, time has been suspended. Whenever you want, you can go back to reexamine those events from the past. In other situations, permanency slips between our fingers, even (B) [challenges / challenging] our reality testing about whether something existed at all, as when an email that we seem to remember (C) [to receive / receiving] mysteriously disappears from our inbox. The slightest accidental tap of the finger can send an otherwise everlasting document into nothingness.

① which - challenging - to receive

② which - challenges - receiving

③ which - challenges - to receive

④ what - challenging - receiving

⑤ which - challenging - receiving

밑줄 친 otherwise가 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은? - [31]

- ②   사소한 클릭 실수를 하지 않았다면 계속 남아 있을 문서라는 개념이므로 2)번이 적절하다

Online environments vary widely in how easily you can save whatever happens there, what I call its recordability and preservability. Even though the design, activities, and membership of social media might change over time, the content of what people posted usually remains intact. Email, video, audio, and text messages can be saved. When perfect preservation is possible, time has been suspended. Whenever you want, you can go back to reexamine those events from the past. In other situations, permanency slips between our fingers, even challenging our reality testing about whether something existed at all, as when an email that we seem to remember receiving mysteriously disappears from our inbox. The slightest accidental tap of the finger can send an otherwise everlasting document into nothingness.

① With the accidental tap of the fingers

② If you(we) don’t tap your(our) finger accidentally

③ a document that would remain the same as before opening it

④ unless you go back to reexamine those documents

⑤ unless there might be differences in the online environments

다음 문장이 들어갈 위치로 가장 적절한 곳은? - [31]

- ④

"In other situations, permanency slips between our fingers, even challenging our reality testing about whether something existed at all, as when an email that we seem to remember receiving mysteriously disappears from our inbox."

( ① ) Online environments vary widely in how easily you can save whatever happens there, what I call its recordability and preservability. ( ② ) Even though the design, activities, and membership of social media might change over time, the content of what people posted usually remains intact. ( ③ ) Email, video, audio, and text messages can be saved. When perfect preservation is possible, time has been suspended. Whenever you want, you can go back to reexamine those events from the past. ( ④ ) The slightest accidental tap of the finger can send an otherwise everlasting document into nothingness. ( ⑤ )

(A),(B),(C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은? - [31]

- ①

Online environments vary widely in how easily you can save whatever happens there, what I call its recordability and preservability. Even though the design, activities, and membership of social media might change over time, the content of what people posted usually remains (A) [changed / intact]. Email, video, audio, and text messages can be saved. When perfect preservation is possible, time has been (B) [suspended / suspected]. Whenever you want, you can go back to reexamine those events from the past. In other situations, permanency slips between our fingers, even challenging our reality testing about whether something existed at all, as when an email that we seem to remember receiving mysteriously disappears from our inbox. The slightest (C) [accidental / intentional] tap of the finger can send an otherwise everlasting document into nothingness.

① intact - suspended - accidental

② changed - suspended - accidental

③ changed - suspended - intentional

④ intact - suspected - accidental

⑤ intact - suspected - accidental

다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것은 - [31]

- ①

Online environments vary widely in how easily you can save whatever happens there, what I call its ㅤㅤㅤAㅤㅤㅤ and ㅤㅤㅤBㅤㅤㅤ. Even though the design, activities, and membership of social media might change over time, the content of what people posted usually remains intact. Email, video, audio, and text messages can be saved. When perfect preservation is possible, time has been suspended. Whenever you want, you can go back to reexamine those events from the past. In other situations, permanency slips between our fingers, even challenging our reality testing about whether something existed at all, as when an email that we seem to remember receiving mysteriously disappears from our inbox. The slightest accidental tap of the finger can send an otherwise everlasting document into nothingness.

① recordability - preservability

② reversibility - perseverance

③ recordation - perspiration

④ recoverability - presentation

⑤ reversibility - pressibility

다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것은 - [31]

- ②

Online environments vary widely in how easily you can save whatever happens there, what I call its recordability and preservability. ㅤㅤㅤAㅤㅤㅤ the design, activities, and membership of social media might change over time, the content of what people posted usually remains intact. Email, video, audio, and text messages can be saved. When perfect preservation is possible, time has been suspended. Whenever you want, you can go back to reexamine those events from the past. In other situations, permanency slips between our fingers, even challenging our reality testing about whether something existed at all, as when an email that we seem to remember receiving mysteriously disappears from our inbox. The slightest accidental tap of the finger can send an ㅤㅤㅤBㅤㅤㅤ everlasting document into nothingness.

① Therefore - meanwhile

② Even if - otherwise

③ Therefore - otherwise

④ As if - nevertheless

⑤ Even if - meanwhile

다음 문장이 들어갈 위치로 가장 적절한 곳은? - [32]

- ①

"The breakdown of them helps to identify aspects of conversations"

Verbal and nonverbal signs are not only relevant but also significant to intercultural communication. ( ① ) . Here is an excellent example. Newly hired Indian and Pakistani assistants in a staff cafeteria at Heathrow Airport were often perceived as rude or uncooperative by their supervisors and the airport staff, while the Indian and Pakistani women complained of discrimination. ( ② ) Observation revealed that intonation patterns were the primary cause. ( ③ ) When the staff ordered meat, the cafeteria assistant was supposed to ask them whether they would like to have some gravy. ( ④ ) Instead of saying “gravy?” with a rising intonation, the Asian assistants would say “gravy” with a falling intonation, which is their normal way of asking a question. ( ⑤ ) However, this may appear rude to native speakers of English: “gravy” with falling intonation came across as a statement, suggesting “This is gravy. Take it or leave it.”

다음 글의 빈칸에 들어가기에 가장 적절하지 않은 것은? - [32]

- ⑤

Verbal and nonverbal signs are not only relevant but also significant to intercultural communication. The　　　　                   of them helps to identify aspects of conversations. Here is an excellent example. Newly hired Indian and Pakistani assistants in a staff cafeteria at Heathrow Airport were often perceived as rude or uncooperative by their supervisors and the airport staff, while the Indian and Pakistani women complained of discrimination. Observation revealed that intonation patterns were the primary cause. When the staff ordered meat, the cafeteria assistant was supposed to ask them whether they would like to have some gravy. Instead of saying “gravy?” with a rising intonation, the Asian assistants would say “gravy” with a falling intonation, which is their normal way of asking a question. However, this may appear rude to native speakers of English: “gravy” with falling intonation came across as a statement, suggesting “This is gravy. Take it or leave it.”

① breakdown

② autopsy

③ dissection

④ analysis

⑤ synthesis

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 가장 알맞은 것은? - [32]

- ④

Verbal and nonverbal signs are not only relevant but also significant to 　　   　　　. The breakdown of them helps to identify aspects of conversations. Here is an excellent example. Newly hired Indian and Pakistani assistants in a staff cafeteria at Heathrow Airport were often perceived as rude or uncooperative by their supervisors and the airport staff, while the Indian and Pakistani women complained of discrimination. Observation revealed that intonation patterns were the primary cause. When the staff ordered meat, the cafeteria assistant was supposed to ask them whether they would like to have some gravy. Instead of saying “gravy?” with a rising intonation, the Asian assistants would say “gravy” with a falling intonation, which is their normal way of asking a question. However, this may appear rude to native speakers of English: “gravy” with falling intonation came across as a statement, suggesting “This is gravy. Take it or leave it.”

① abolishing any discrimination

② maintaining a fair society

③ linguistic expression

④ intercultural communication

⑤ favorable judgment

다음 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 가장 알맞은 것을 고르시오. - [32]

- ②

Verbal and nonverbal signs are not only relevant but also significant to intercultural communication. The breakdown of them helps to identify aspects of conversations. Here is an excellent example. Newly hired Indian and Pakistani assistants in a staff cafeteria at Heathrow Airport were often perceived as rude or uncooperative by their supervisors and the airport staff, ㅤㅤㅤAㅤㅤㅤ, the Indian and Pakistani women complained of discrimination. Observation revealed that intonation patterns were the primary cause. When the staff ordered meat, the cafeteria assistant was supposed to ask them whether they would like to have some gravy. Instead of saying “gravy?” with a rising intonation, the Asian assistants would say “gravy” with a falling intonation, which is their normal way of asking a question. ㅤㅤㅤBㅤㅤㅤ, this may appear rude to native speakers of English: “gravy” with falling intonation came across as a statement, suggesting “This is gravy. Take it or leave it.”

① while - Thus

② by contrast - However

③ otherwise - Therefore

④ furthermore - However

⑤ Likewise – Hence

다음 문장이 들어갈 위치로 가장 적절한 곳은? - [32]

- ④

When the staff ordered meat, the cafeteria assistant was supposed to ask them whether they would like to have some gravy.

Verbal and nonverbal signs are not only relevant but also significant to intercultural communication. ( ① ) The breakdown of them helps to identify aspects of conversations. ( ② ) Here is an excellent example. Newly hired Indian and Pakistani assistants in a staff cafeteria at Heathrow Airport were often perceived as rude or uncooperative by their supervisors and the airport staff, while the Indian and Pakistani women complained of discrimination. ( ③ ) Observation revealed that intonation patterns were the primary cause. ( ④ ) Instead of saying “gravy?” with a rising intonation, the Asian assistants would say “gravy” with a falling intonation, which is their normal way of asking a question. ( ⑤ ) However, this may appear rude to native speakers of English: “gravy” with falling intonation came across as a statement, suggesting “This is gravy. Take it or leave it.”

다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? - [32]

- ③   the staff 은 공항에 근무하는 직원 assistant 는 구내식당에 근무하는 종업원이므로 서로 다름

Verbal and nonverbal signs are not only relevant but also significant to intercultural communication. The breakdown of them helps to identify aspects of conversations. Here is an excellent example. Newly hired Indian and Pakistani assistants in a staff cafeteria at Heathrow Airport were often perceived as rude or uncooperative by their supervisors and the airport staff, while the Indian and Pakistani women complained of discrimination. Observation revealed that intonation patterns were the primary cause. When the staff ordered meat, the cafeteria assistant was supposed to ask them whether they would like to have some gravy. Instead of saying “gravy?” with a rising intonation, the Asian assistants would say “gravy” with a falling intonation, which is their normal way of asking a question. However, this may appear rude to native speakers of English: “gravy” with falling intonation came across as a statement, suggesting “This is gravy. Take it or leave it.”

① Most Asians tend to end their asking sentences with falling intonation

② Most Westerners aren't accustomed to the falling intonation of a question

③ Whenever the staff order any meat, they are supposed to ask if any customer needs some gravy

④ Perceptional difference lies in the intonational patterns perceived by the listeners

⑤ Verbal and nonverbal signs have an impact on intercultural communication

다음 글 다음에 이어질 순서로 가장 적절한 것은? - [32]

- ④

"Verbal and nonverbal signs are not only relevant but also significant to intercultural communication. The breakdown of them helps to identify aspects of conversations".

(A) Observation revealed that intonation patterns were the primary cause. When the staff ordered meat, the cafeteria assistant was supposed to ask them whether they would like to have some gravy. Instead of saying “gravy?” with a rising intonation, the Asian assistants would say “gravy” with a falling intonation, which is their normal way of asking a question .

(B) However, this may appear rude to native speakers of English: “gravy” with falling intonation came across as a statement, suggesting “This is gravy. Take it or leave it.”

(C) Here is an excellent example. Newly hired Indian and Pakistani assistants in a staff cafeteria at Heathrow Airport were often perceived as rude or uncooperative by their supervisors and the airport staff, while the Indian and Pakistani women complained of discrimination.

① (A) - (C) - (B)	② (B) - (C) - (A)

③ (B) - (A) - (C)	④ (C) - (A) - (B)

⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)

다음 문장이 들어갈 위치로 가장 적절한 곳은? - [32]

- ③

"Observation revealed that intonation patterns were the primary cause."

Verbal and nonverbal signs are not only relevant but also significant to intercultural communication. ( ① ) The breakdown of them helps to identify aspects of conversations.  ( ② ) Here is an excellent example. Newly hired Indian and Pakistani assistants in a staff cafeteria at Heathrow Airport were often perceived as rude or uncooperative by their supervisors and the airport staff, while the Indian and Pakistani women complained of discrimination.  ( ③ ) When the staff ordered meat, the cafeteria assistant was supposed to ask them whether they would like to have some gravy.  ( ④ ) Instead of saying “gravy?” with a rising intonation, the Asian assistants would say “gravy” with a falling intonation, which is their normal way of asking a question. ( ⑤ ) However, this may appear rude to native speakers of English: “gravy” with falling intonation came across as a statement, suggesting “This is gravy. Take it or leave it.”

다음 글의 어법상 가장 어색한 것은? - [32]

- ②   보어가 필요한 자리. rude or uncooperative로 바꾸어야 함

①Verbal and nonverbal signs are not only relevant but also significant to intercultural communication. The breakdown of them helps to identify aspects of conversations. Here is an excellent example. Newly hired Indian and Pakistani assistants in a staff cafeteria at Heathrow Airport ① were often perceived as ② rudely or uncooperatively by their supervisors and the airport staff, ③ while the Indian and Pakistani women complained of discrimination. Observation revealed that intonation patterns were the primary cause. When the staff ordered meat, the cafeteria assistant was supposed to ask them whether they would like to have some gravy. Instead of saying “gravy?” with a ④ rising intonation, the Asian assistants would say “gravy” with a falling intonation, which is their normal way of asking a question. However, this may appear rude to native speakers of English: “gravy” with falling intonation came across as a statement, ⑤ suggesting“ This is gravy. Take it or leave it.”

다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? - [33]

- ④   6천만 광년 떨어진 다른 행성에서 지구를 바라보면 공룡을 볼 수 있다는 의미이다.

Science can only tell us how the world appears to us, not how it is independent of our observation of it, and therefore right now will always elude science. When you look into space, you are looking into an ancient past. Some of the stars are already long dead yet we still see them because of their traveling light. Let’s say that we are on one of those stars situated roughly sixty million lightyears away. If we had a really awesome telescope pointed at the earth, we would see the dinosaurs walking around. The end of the universe is probably so old that if we had that telescope, we might be able to see the beginning. Besides faraway things, even the immediate objects around us are all afterimages of the past because there is still a time lag for the reflection of light to reach our eyes. Every sensation our body feels has to wait for the information to be carried to the brain.

*elude: 교묘하게 벗어나다[피하다]

① 과학은 우리에게 보이는 방식을 알려줄 뿐이며 우리가 세상을 바라보는 것과 어떻게 다른지는 알려주지 않는다.

② 우리가 지금 바라보는 우주의 모습은 사실 오래전 과거를 들여다보고 있는 것이다.

③ 이미 소멸한 별을 우리가 관찰할 수 있는 이유는 빛의 이동 때문이다.

④ 만일 우리가 성능좋은 망원경이 있다면 6천만 광년 전의 다른 행성에서 돌아다니는 공룡을 볼 수 있을 것이다.

⑤ 아무리 좋은 성능의 망원경이 있어도 우주의 종말을 관찰할 수는 없을 것이다.

다음 글을 읽고 유추할 수 없는 것은? - [33]

- ④   4) 만일 빅뱅을 관찰하게 되면 우주의 계량적 팽창은 지구의 사물과 시간과의 거리증가가 아니라 우주의 사물과 시간의 거리증가를 일컫는다고 할 수 있다.

Science can only tell us how the world appears to us, not how it is independent of our observation of it, and therefore right now will always elude science. When you look into space, you are looking into an ancient past. Some of the stars are already long dead yet we still see them because of their traveling light. Let’s say that we are on one of those stars situated roughly sixty million lightyears away. If we had a really awesome telescope pointed at the earth, we would see the dinosaurs walking around. The end of the universe is probably so old that if we had that telescope, we might be able to see the beginning. Besides faraway things, even the immediate objects around us are all afterimages of the past because there is still a time lag for the reflection of light to reach our eyes. Every sensation our body feels has to wait for the information to be carried to the brain.

*elude: 교묘하게 벗어나다[피하다]

① The more distant an object is from an observer, the farther it seems to be in the future.

② Everything we perceive is actually in the past, the only thing that is now is you.

③ The space time volume of the observable universe is expanding from a smaller past to a larger future.

④ If we look at the big bang theory, the metric expansion of the universe is the increase of the distance between distant objects in the earth with time.

⑤ If the sun were to explode right now, we wouldn't perceive it until eight minutes later, the time it takes for the light to travel from the sun to the earth.

다음 글의 어법상 가장 어색한 것은? - [33]

- ⑤   ① what like = how / ② located = situated / ⑤ is felt → feels

Science can only tell us ① what the world appears to us like, not how it is independent of our observation of it, and therefore right now will always elude science. When you look into space, you are looking into an ancient past. Some of the stars are already long dead yet we still see them because of their traveling light. Let’s say that we are on one of those stars ② located roughly sixty million lightyears away. If we had a really awesome telescope ③ pointed at the earth, we would see the dinosaurs walking around. The end of the universe is probably so old that if we had that telescope, we ④ might be able to see the beginning. Besides faraway things, even the immediate objects around us are all afterimages of the past because there is still a time lag for the reflection of light to reach our eyes. Every sensation our body ⑤ is felt has to wait for the information to be carried to the brain.

다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은? - [33]

- ④

Science can only tell us how the world appears to us, not how it is independent of our observation of it, and therefore right now will always elude science. When you look into space, you are looking into an ancient past. Some of the stars are already long dead yet we still see them because of their traveling light. Let’s say that we are on one of those stars situated roughly sixty million lightyears away. If we had a really awesome telescope pointed at the earth, we would see the dinosaurs walking around. The end of the universe is probably so old that if we had that telescope, we might be able to see the beginning. Besides faraway things, even the immediate objects around us are all afterimages of the past because there is still a time lag for the reflection of light to reach our eyes. Every sensation our body feels has to wait for the information to be carried to the brain.

① We are on a planet 60 million light years away.

② Science is a tool that tells us what the world is like.

③ Through a powerful telescope, we can see the beginning of the universe and the dinosaurs.

④ We are only looking at the afterimages of the past because of time lag.

⑤ With the advancement of science, we were able to discover the origin of the universe.

다음 밑줄 친 부분의 의미로 가장 적절한 것은? - [33]

- ②

Science can only tell us how the world appears to us, not how it is independent of our observation of it, and therefore right now will always elude science. When you look into space, you are looking into an ancient past. Some of the stars are already long dead yet we still see them because of their traveling light. Let’s say that we are on one of those stars situated roughly sixty million lightyears away. If we had a really awesome telescope pointed at the earth, we would see the dinosaurs walking around. The end of the universe is probably so old that if we had that telescope, we might be able to see the beginning. Besides faraway things, even the immediate objects around us are all afterimages of the past because there is still a time lag for the reflection of light to reach our eyes. Every sensation our body feels has to wait for the information to be carried to the brain.

① the right present will be translated into comprehensible patterns

② not always does science solve what appears to us right now

③ scientists should try their best to understand the meaning of right now all the time

④ anyone trying to study science should investigate the timepassing all the time

⑤ even the scientist can't tell the exact distance between planets in the universe

다음 글 다음에 이어질 순서로 가장 적절한 것은? - [33]

- ①

"Science can only tell us how the world appears to us, not how it is independent of our observation of it, and therefore right now will always elude science."

(A) When you look into space, you are looking into an ancient past. Some of the stars are already long dead yet we still see them because of their traveling light. Let’s say that we are on one of those stars situated roughly sixty million lightyears away.

(B) Besides faraway things, even the immediate objects around us are all afterimages of the past because there is still a time lag for the reflection of light to reach our eyes. Every sensation our body feels has to wait for the information to be carried to the brain.

(C) If we had a really awesome telescope pointed at the earth, we would see the dinosaurs walking around. The end of the universe is probably so old that if we had that telescope, we might be able to see the beginning.

① (A) - (C) - (B)	② (B) - (C) - (A)

③ (B) - (A) - (C)	④ (C) - (A) - (B)

⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 가장 알맞은 것은? - [33]

- ①

Science can only tell us 　       　　　　, not how it is independent of our observation of it, and therefore right now will always elude science. When you look into space, you are looking into an ancient past. Some of the stars are already long dead yet we still see them because of their traveling light. Let’s say that we are on one of those stars situated roughly sixty million lightyears away. If we had a really awesome telescope pointed at the earth, we would see the dinosaurs walking around. The end of the universe is probably so old that if we had that telescope, we might be able to see the beginning. Besides faraway things, even the immediate objects around us are all afterimages of the past because there is still a time lag for the reflection of light to reach our eyes. Every sensation our body feels has to wait for the information to be carried to the brain.

*elude: 교묘하게 벗어나다[피하다]

① how the world appears to us

② what the world is made of

③ how we can understand the world

④ that there is much about life that remains a mystery

⑤ what would happen if it replies

다음 글 다음에 이어질 순서로 가장 적절한 것은? - [34]

- ④

"For many centuries European science, and knowledge in general, was recorded in Latin―a language that no one spoke any longer and that had to be learned in schools."

(A) The great explosion of scientific creativity in Europe was certainly helped by the sudden spread of information brought about by Gutenberg’s use of movable type in printing and by the legitimation of everyday languages, which rapidly replaced Latin as the medium of discourse.

(B) In sixteenth-century Europe it became much easier to make a creative contribution not necessarily because more creative individuals were born then than in previous centuries or because social supports became more favorable, but because information became more widely accessible.

(C) Very few individuals, probably less than one percent, had the means to study Latin enough to read books in that language and therefore to participate in the intellectual discourse of the times. Moreover, few people had access to books, which were handwritten, scarce, and expensive.

① (A) - (C) - (B)	② (B) - (C) - (A)

③ (B) - (A) - (C)	④ (C) - (A) - (B)

⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)

다음 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은? - [34]

- ⑤   unfavorable → favorable

For many centuries European science, and knowledge in general, was recorded in Latin―a language that no one spoke any longer and that had to be learned in schools. ① Only a few individuals, probably less than one percent, had the means to study Latin enough to read books in that language and therefore to ② take part in the intellectual discourse of the times. Moreover, few people had ③ assess to books, which were handwritten, scarce, and expensive. The great explosion of scientific creativity in Europe was certainly helped by the sudden ④ diffusion of information brought about by Gutenberg’s use of movable type in printing and by the legitimation of everyday languages, which rapidly replaced Latin as the medium of discourse. In sixteenth-century Europe it became much easier to make a creative contribution not necessarily because more creative individuals were born then than in previous centuries or because social supports became more ⑤ unfavorable, but because information became more widely accessible.

다음 문장이 들어갈 위치로 가장 적절한 곳은? - [34]

- ②

"Moreover, few people had access to books, which were handwritten, scarce, and expensive.  "

For many centuries European science, and knowledge in general, was recorded in Latin―a language that no one spoke any longer and that had to be learned in schools.  ( ① ) Very few individuals, probably less than one percent, had the means to study Latin enough to read books in that language and therefore to participate in the intellectual discourse of the times.  ( ② ) The great explosion of scientific creativity in Europe was certainly helped by the sudden spread of information brought about by Gutenberg’s use of movable type in printing and by the legitimation of everyday languages.  ( ③ ) These rapidly replaced Latin as the medium of discourse.  ( ④ ) In sixteenth-century Europe it became much easier to make a creative contribution not necessarily because more creative individuals were born then than in previous centuries or because social supports became more favorable.  ( ⑤ ) It was because information became more widely accessible and easier to add to.

다음 글의 어법상 가장 어색한 것은? - [34]

- ⑤   to be made → to make (to make의 목적어인 a creative contribution이 가주어 it 자리로 옮겨갔으므로, to make는 목적어가 없는 채로 능동형이어야 함.)

For many centuries European science, and knowledge in general, was recorded in Latin―a language that no one spoke any longer and that had to be learned in schools. ① Only a few individuals, probably less than one percent, had the means to study Latin ② enough to read books in that language and therefore to participate in the intellectual discourse of the times. Moreover, few people had access to books, which were handwritten, scarce, and expensive. Certainly, the great explosion of scientific creativity in Europe ③ was helped by the sudden spread of information brought about by Gutenberg’s use of movable type in printing and by the legitimation of everyday languages, which rapidly ④replaced Latin as the medium of discourse. In sixteenth-century Europe a creative contribution became much easier ⑤ to be made not necessarily because more creative individuals were born then than in previous centuries or because social supports became more favorable, but because information became more widely accessible.

다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? - [34]

- ④   일상언어가 국어로 정립되며 라틴어를 대체한 것이므로 4)번이 오답이다.

For many centuries European science, and knowledge in general, was recorded in Latin―a language that no one spoke any longer and that had to be learned in schools. Very few individuals, probably less than one percent, had the means to study Latin enough to read books in that language and therefore to participate in the intellectual discourse of the times. Moreover, few people had access to books, which were handwritten, scarce, and expensive. The great explosion of scientific creativity in Europe was certainly helped by the sudden spread of information brought about by Gutenberg’s use of movable type in printing and by the legitimation of everyday languages, which rapidly replaced Latin as the medium of discourse. In sixteenth-century Europe it became much easier to make a creative contribution not necessarily because more creative individuals were born then than in previous centuries or because social supports became more favorable, but because information became more widely accessible.

① 오랜 기간 유럽의 과학과 지식은 대부분 라틴어로 기록되었다.

② 추측건대 1%도 안 되는 사람들이 라틴어로 기록된 도서를 읽을 만한 라틴어 능력을 보유하고 있다.

③ 유럽 내 과학적 창의성 증진에 유의미한 도움을 준 것중 쿠텐베르크의 가동형 활자의 발명의 도움이다.

④ 라틴어가 일상의 언어를 대체하여 일상담화의 매개로써 국어로 정립된 것은 유럽문화 창달의 근간이 되었다.

⑤ 16세기 유럽문화 창달에 기여한 것은 창의적인 인재가 풍부해서가 아니라 더 많은 정보를 접할 수 있는 기회가 확대되었기 때문이다.

다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? - [35]

- ④

Calling your pants “blue jeans” almost seems redundant because practically all denim is blue. While jeans are probably the most versatile pants in your wardrobe, blue actually isn’t a particularly neutral color. Ever wonder why it’s the most commonly used hue? Blue was the chosen color for denim because of the chemical properties of blue dye. Most dyes will permeate fabric in hot temperatures, making the color stick. The natural indigo dye used in the first jeans, on the other hand, would stick only to the outside of the threads. When the indigo-dyed denim is washed, tiny amounts of that dye get washed away, and the thread comes with them. The more denim was washed, the softer it would get, eventually achieving that worn-in, made-just-for-me feeling you probably get with your favorite jeans. That softness made jeans the trousers of choice for laborers.

*hue: 색상 **permeate: 스며[배어]들다

① Innate Preference Lies In the Color Of Jeans

② How To Prevent Your Jeans Color From Getting Washed Away

③ The Suitable Time For Washing Your Jeans

④ History Behind the Color of Jeans

⑤ Innovative Dyeing Increases Productivity

다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은? - [35]

- ④   outside of the threads 이므로 바깥족이다.

Calling your pants “blue jeans” almost seems redundant because practically all denim is blue. While jeans are probably the most versatile pants in your wardrobe, blue actually isn’t a particularly neutral color. Ever wonder why it’s the most commonly used hue? Blue was the chosen color for denim because of the chemical properties of blue dye. Most dyes will permeate fabric in hot temperatures, making the color stick. The natural indigo dye used in the first jeans, on the other hand, would stick only to the outside of the threads. When the indigo-dyed denim is washed, tiny amounts of that dye get washed away, and the thread comes with them. The more denim was washed, the softer it would get, eventually achieving that worn-in, made-just-for-me feeling you probably get with your favorite jeans. That softness made jeans the trousers of choice for laborers.

① 모든 청바지 직물은 실제로 청색으로 구성되어 있다.

② 청색이 실질적으로 특별하게 중립적인 색상은 아니다.

③ 데님 색상으로 선택된 청색은 염색과정의 화학적 특성과 관련이 있다.

④ 청바지의 초기 색상은 직물의 안쪽에만 염색이 되는 단점이 있었다.

⑤ 청바지 원단은 세탁을 하면 할수록 색상이 바래지고 부드러운 착용감을 준다.

다음 문장이 들어갈 위치로 가장 적절한 곳은? - [36]

- ④

"However, not all music uses this scale."

Your concepts are a primary tool for your brain to guess the meaning of incoming sensory inputs. For example, concepts give meaning to changes in sound pressure so you hear them as words or music instead of random noise.  ( ① ) In Western culture, most music is based on an octave divided into twelve equally spaced pitches. ( ② ) This is the equal-tempered scale codified by Johann Sebastian Bach in the 17th century. ( ③ ) All people of Western culture with normal hearing have a concept for this ubiquitous scale, even if they can’t explicitly describe it. ( ④ ) When Westerners hear Indonesian gamelan music for the first time, which is based on seven pitches per octave with varied tunings, it’s more likely to sound like noise.  ( ⑤ ) A brain that’s been wired by listening to twelve-tone scales doesn’t have a concept for that music.

다음 문장이 들어갈 위치로 가장 적절한 곳은? - [36]

- ②

"This is the equal-tempered scale codified by Johann Sebastian Bach in the 17th century.  "

Your concepts are a primary tool for your brain to guess the meaning of incoming sensory inputs. For example, concepts give meaning to changes in sound pressure so you hear them as words or music instead of random noise.  ( ① ) In Western culture, most music is based on an octave divided into twelve equally spaced pitches.  ( ② )  All people of Western culture with normal hearing have a concept for this ubiquitous scale, even if they can’t explicitly describe it.  ( ③ ) However, not all music uses this scale.  ( ④ ) When Westerners hear Indonesian gamelan music for the first time, which is based on seven pitches per octave with varied tunings, it’s more likely to sound like noise.  ( ⑤ ) A brain that’s been wired by listening to twelve-tone scales doesn’t have a concept for that music.

다음 글의 밑줄 친부분 중 어법상 옳은 것은? - [36]

- ⑤   ① them / ② most / ③ that을 없애거나 that was / ④ 콤마 뒤에서 that 대신 which 사용

Your concepts are a primary tool for your brain to guess the meaning of incoming sensory inputs. For example, concepts give meaning to changes in sound pressure so you hear ① it as words or music instead of random noise. In Western culture, ② most of music is based on an octave divided into twelve equally spaced pitches: the equal-tempered scale ③ that codified by Johann Sebastian Bach in the 17th century. All people of Western culture with normal hearing have a concept for this ubiquitous scale, even if they can’t explicitly describe it. Not all music uses this scale, however. When Westerners hear Indonesian gamelan music for the first time, ④ that is based on seven pitches per octave with varied tunings, it’s more likely to sound ⑤ noisy. A brain that’s been wired by listening to twelve-tone scales doesn’t have a concept for that music.

다음 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 가장 알맞은 것을 고르시오. - [36]

- ②

Your concepts are a primary tool for your brain to guess the meaning of incoming sensory inputs.ㅤㅤㅤAㅤㅤㅤ, concepts give meaning to changes in sound pressure so you hear them as words or music instead of random noise. In Western culture, most music is based on an octave divided into twelve equally spaced pitches: the equal-tempered scale codified by Johann Sebastian Bach in the 17th century. All people of Western culture with normal hearing have a concept for this ubiquitous scale, even if they can’t explicitly describe it. ㅤㅤㅤBㅤㅤㅤ, not all music uses this scale. When Westerners hear Indonesian gamelan music for the first time, which is based on seven pitches per octave with varied tunings, it’s more likely to sound like noise. A brain that’s been wired by listening to twelve-tone scales doesn’t have a concept for that music.

① For instance - Likewise

② For instance - Yet

③ Moreover - However

④ Moreover - In other words

⑤ That is - Similarly

다음 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은? - [36]

- ④   → explicitly

Your concepts are a primary tool for your brain to guess the meaning of ① incoming sensory inputs. For example, concepts give meaning to changes in sound pressure so you hear them as words or music instead of ② random noise. In Western culture, most music is based on an octave divided into twelve equally spaced pitches: the equal-tempered scale codified by Johann Sebastian Bach in the 17th century. All people of Western culture with normal hearing have a concept for this ③ ubiquitous scale, even if they can’t ④ implicitly describe it. Not all music uses this scale, however. When Westerners hear Indonesian gamelan music for the first time, which is based on seven pitches per octave with varied tunings, it’s more likely to sound like noise. A brain that’s been ⑤ wired by listening to twelve-tone scales doesn’t have a concept for that music.

다음 글의 어법상 가장 어색한 것은? - [36]

- ②   ~에 의미를 부여하다는 뜻에서 to는 to부정사가 아닌 전치사 to이므로 뒤에 change는 changes의 형태로 와야한다.

Your concepts are a primary tool for your brain ① to guess the meaning of incoming sensory inputs. For example, concepts give meaning ② to change in sound pressure so you hear them as words or music instead of random noise. In Western culture, most music is based on an octave ③ divided into twelve equally spaced pitches: the equal-tempered scale codified by Johann Sebastian Bach in the 17th century. All people of Western culture with normal hearing have a concept for this ubiquitous scale, even if they can’t explicitly describe it. Not all music uses this scale, however. When Westerners hear Indonesian gamelan music for the first time, ④ which is based on seven pitches per octave with varied tunings, it’s more likely to sound like noise. A brain that ⑤ has been wired by listening to twelve-tone scales doesn’t have a concept for that music.

다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것은 - [37]

- ③

Framing matters in many domains. When credit cards started to become popular forms of payment in the 1970s, some retail merchants wanted to charge different prices to their cash and credit card customers. To ㅤㅤㅤAㅤㅤㅤ this, credit card companies adopted rules that forbade their retailers from charging different prices to cash and credit customers. However, when a bill was introduced in Congress to outlaw such rules, the credit card lobby turned its attention to ㅤㅤㅤBㅤㅤㅤ. Its preference was that if a company charged different prices to cash and credit customers, the credit price should be considered the “normal” (default) price and the cash price a discount―rather than the alternative of making the cash price the usual price and charging a surcharge to credit card customers. The credit card companies had a good intuitive understanding of what psychologists would come to call “framing.” The idea is that choices depend, in part, on the way in which problems are stated.

① promote - language

② promote - legitimacy

③ prevent - language

④ prevent - legitimacy

⑤ provoke – literacy

다음 글의 어법상 가장 어색한 것은? - [37]

- ④   to be called → to call

Framing matters in many domains. When credit cards started to become popular forms of payment in the 1970s, some retail merchants wanted to charge different prices to their cash and credit card customers. To prevent this, credit card companies ① adopted rules that forbade their retailers from charging different prices to cash and credit customers. However, when a bill was introduced in Congress ② to outlaw such rules, the credit card lobby turned its attention to language. Its preference was that if a company charged different prices to cash and credit customers, the credit price should be considered the “normal” (default) price and the cash price a discount―rather than the alternative of making the cash price the usual price and ③ charging a surcharge to credit card customers. The credit card companies had a good intuitive understanding of what psychologists would come ④ to be called “framing.” The idea is that choices are dependent, in part, on the way ⑤ in which problems are stated.

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 가장 알맞은 것은? - [37]

- ②

Framing matters in many domains. When credit cards started to become popular forms of payment in the 1970s, some retail merchants wanted to charge different prices to their cash and credit card customers. To prevent this, credit card companies adopted rules that forbade their retailers from charging different prices to cash and credit customers. However, when a bill was introduced in Congress to outlaw such rules, the credit card lobby turned its attention to language. Its preference was that if a company charged different prices to cash and credit customers, the credit price should be considered the “normal” (default) price and the cash price a discount―rather than the alternative of making the cash price the usual price and charging a surcharge to credit card customers. The credit card companies had a good intuitive understanding of what psychologists would come to call “framing.” The idea is that choices depend, in part, on the way in which 　　     　　　.

① issues are settled

② problems are stated

③ domains are distributed

④ languages are spoken

⑤ customers are analyzed

다음 글을 아래와 같이 요약하고자 할 때 빈칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것은? - [37]

- ③

Framing matters in many domains. When credit cards started to become popular forms of payment in the 1970s, some retail merchants wanted to charge different prices to their cash and credit card customers. To prevent this, credit card companies adopted rules that forbade their retailers from charging different prices to cash and credit customers. However, when a bill was introduced in Congress to outlaw such rules, the credit card lobby turned its attention to language. Its preference was that if a company charged different prices to cash and credit customers, the credit price should be considered the “normal” (default) price and the cash price a discount―rather than the alternative of making the cash price the usual price and charging a surcharge to credit card customers. The credit card companies had a good intuitive understanding of what psychologists would come to call “framing.”

The idea of ㅤㅤㅤAㅤㅤㅤ is that choices depend on ㅤㅤㅤBㅤㅤㅤ problems are stated.

① purchasing - the way

② attention - what

③ framing - how

④ charging - when

⑤ pricing - which

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 가장 알맞은 것은? - [37]

- ③

Suppose that you are suffering from serious heart disease and that your doctor proposes a grueling operation. You’re understandably curious about the odds. The doctor says, “Of 100 patients who have this operation, 90 are alive after five years.” What will you do? If we fill in the facts in a certain way, the doctor’s statement will be pretty comforting, and you’ll probably have the operation. But suppose the doctor frames his answer in a somewhat different way. Suppose he says, “Of 100 patients who have this operation, 10 are dead after five years.” If you’re like most people, the doctor’s statement will sound pretty alarming, and you might not have the operation. The Automatic System thinks: “A significant number of people are dead, and I might be one of them!” In numerous experiments, people react very differently to the information that “90 of 100 are alive” than to the information that “10 of 100 are dead”—even though the content of the two statements is 　　　   　　. Even experts are subject to framing effects. When doctors are told that “90 of 100 are alive,” they are more likely to recommend the operation than if told that “10 of 100 are dead.”

① not the same at all

② under controlled settings

③ exactly the same

④ strictly regulated

⑤ is misunderstood

다음 문장이 들어갈 위치로 가장 적절한 곳은? - [38]

- ③

"Sound waves are capable of traveling through many solid materials as well as through air."

Tap your finger on the surface of a wooden table or desk, and observe the loudness of the sound you hear.  Then, place your ear flat on top of the table or desk.  ( ① ) With your finger about one foot away from your ear, tap the table top and observe the loudness of the sound you hear again.  ( ② )  The volume of the sound you hear with your ear on the desk is much louder than with it off the desk. ( ③ ) Solids, like wood for example, transfer the sound waves much better than air typically does because the molecules in a solid substance are much closer and more tightly packed together than they are in air.  ( ④ ) This allows the solids to carry the waves more easily and efficiently, resulting in a louder sound.  ( ⑤ ) The density of the air itself also plays a determining factor in the loudness of sound waves passing through it.

다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은? - [38]

- ⑤

Tap your finger on the surface of a wooden table or desk, and observe the loudness of the sound you hear. Then, place your ear flat on top of the table or desk. With your finger about one foot away from your ear, tap the table top and observe the loudness of the sound you hear again. The volume of the sound you hear with your ear on the desk is much louder than with it off the desk. Sound waves are capable of traveling through many solid materials as well as through air. Solids, like wood for example, transfer the sound waves much better than air typically does because the molecules in a solid substance are much closer and more tightly packed together than they are in air. This allows the solids to carry the waves more easily and efficiently, resulting in a louder sound. The density of the air itself also plays a determining factor in the loudness of sound waves passing through it.

① to listen to the knocking sound through the table

② to inform us of what composes the sound-wave

③ to examine through which solid sound travels best

④ to help record the results of your experiments

⑤ to investigate whether sound travels better through a solid or an air

다음 글의 어법상 가장 어색한 것은? - [39]

- ⑤   that → what

At their heart, games are different from other media in one fundamental way: players ① are offered the chance to influence outcomes through their own efforts. With rare exception, this is not true of film, novels, or television. Readers and viewers of these other media ② follow along and react to the story and ③ its twists and turns, without having a direct personal impact on the events ④ they witness. In games, players have the unique ability to control ⑤ that unfolds. As Sid Meier, a game designer, once said, “A good game is a series of interesting choices.”

다음 글 다음에 이어질 순서로 가장 적절한 것은? - [40]

- ③

"A primary school teacher is helping students to understand fractional parts by using what she thinks is a commonplace reference. “Today, we’re going to talk about cutting up a Thanksgiving holiday favorite―pumpkin pie.”"

(A) In fact, one of the ways that African American parents explain pumpkin pie to their children is to say that it is something like sweet potato pie. For them, sweet potato pie is the common referent. Even the slight difference of being unfamiliar with pumpkin pie can serve as a source of interference for the student.

(B) She continues with an explanation of parts. Well into her discourse, a young African American boy, looking puzzled, asks, “What is pumpkin pie?” Most African Americans are likely to serve sweet potato pie for holiday dinners.

(C) Rather than be engaged actively in the lesson, he may have been preoccupied with trying to imagine pumpkin pie: What does it taste like? How does it smell? Is its texture chunky like apple or cherry pie? In the mind of a child, all of these questions can become more of the focus than the subject of fractions that the teacher is attempting to teach.

① (A) - (C) - (B)	② (B) - (C) - (A)

③ (B) - (A) - (C)	④ (C) - (A) - (B)

⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)

다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은? - [40]

- ③   문화적 지식에 대한 약간의 차이라도 학생들의 학습에 영향을 미칠 가능성이 있다라는 내용이다. Melting Pot : 다인종국가

A primary school teacher is helping students to understand fractional parts by using what she thinks is a commonplace reference. “Today, we’re going to talk about cutting up a Thanksgiving holiday favorite―pumpkin pie.” She continues with an explanation of parts. Well into her discourse, a young African American boy, looking puzzled, asks, “What is pumpkin pie?” Most African Americans are likely to serve sweet potato pie for holiday dinners. In fact, one of the ways that African American parents explain pumpkin pie to their children is to say that it is something like sweet potato pie. For them, sweet potato pie is the common referent. Even the slight difference of being unfamiliar with pumpkin pie can serve as a source of interference for the student. Rather than be engaged actively in the lesson, he may have been preoccupied with trying to imagine pumpkin pie: What does it taste like? How does it smell? Is its texture chunky like apple or cherry pie? In the mind of a child, all of these questions can become more of the focus than the subject of fractions that the teacher is attempting to teach.

① It is not appropriate for teachers to make the mistake of hasty generalization

② We need to combine all the cultural knowledge into the one for the students

③ Even small differences in cultural knowledge have the potential to affect students’ learning.

④ Melting Pot is walking the path of virtue

⑤ A primary school teacher should choose the proper topic depending on the age of students

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 가장 알맞은 것은? - [40]

- ②   간섭의 원인으로 작용할 수 있음.

A primary school teacher is helping students to understand fractional parts by using what she thinks is a commonplace reference. “Today, we’re going to talk about cutting up a Thanksgiving holiday favorite―pumpkin pie.” She continues with an explanation of parts. Well into her discourse, a young African American boy, looking puzzled, asks, “What is pumpkin pie?” Most African Americans are likely to serve sweet potato pie for holiday dinners. In fact, one of the ways that African American parents explain pumpkin pie to their children is to say that it is something like sweet potato pie. For them, sweet potato pie is the common referent. Even the slight difference of being unfamiliar with pumpkin pie can serve 　　　　　. Rather than be engaged actively in the lesson, he may have been preoccupied with trying to imagine pumpkin pie: What does it taste like? How does it smell? Is its texture chunky like apple or cherry pie? In the mind of a child, all of these questions can become more of the focus than the subject of fractions that the teacher is attempting to teach.

① a great help for understanding cultural knowledge

② as an interference in learning

③ as guidance for learning fractional parts

④ as a key answer to understand fractions

⑤ as a means of active participation in a class

다음 글의 어법상 가장 어색한 것은? - [40]

- ⑤   been preoccupied

A primary school teacher is helping students to understand fractional parts by using ① what she thinks is a commonplace reference. “Today, we’re going to talk about cutting up a Thanksgiving holiday favorite―pumpkin pie.” She continues with an explanation of parts. Well into her discourse, a young African American boy, looking ② puzzled, asks, “What is pumpkin pie?” Most African Americans are likely to serve sweet potato pie for holiday dinners. In fact, one of the ways that African American parents explain pumpkin pie to their children ③ is to say that it is something like sweet potato pie. For them, sweet potato pie is the common referent. Even the slight difference of being unfamiliar with pumpkin pie can serve as a source of interference for the student. Rather than be ④ engaged actively in the lesson, he may have ⑤ preoccupied with trying to imagine pumpkin pie: What does it taste like? How does it smell? Is its texture chunky like apple or cherry pie? In the mind of a child, all of these questions can become more of the focus than the subject of fractions that the teacher is attempting to teach.

다음 문장이 들어갈 위치로 가장 적절한 곳은? - [40]

- ②

"In fact, one of the ways that African American parents explain pumpkin pie to their children is to say that it is something like sweet potato pie."

A primary school teacher is helping students to understand fractional parts by using what she thinks is a commonplace reference. “Today, we’re going to talk about cutting up a Thanksgiving holiday favorite―pumpkin pie.” She continues with an explanation of parts. Well into her discourse, a young African American boy, looking puzzled, asks, “What is pumpkin pie?” ( ① ) Most African Americans are likely to serve sweet potato pie for holiday dinners.. ( ② ) For them, sweet potato pie is the common referent. ( ③ ) Even the slight difference of being unfamiliar with pumpkin pie can serve as a source of interference for the student. ( ④ ) Rather than be engaged actively in the lesson, he may have been preoccupied with trying to imagine pumpkin pie: What does it taste like? How does it smell? Is its texture chunky like apple or cherry pie? ( ⑤ ) In the mind of a child, all of these questions can become more of the focus than the subject of fractions that the teacher is attempting to teach.

(주관식) [ ] 안의 단어를 우리말의 뜻에 맞게 배열하시오. - [40]

- Even the slight difference of being unfamiliar with pumpkin pie can serve as a source of interference for the student.

A primary school teacher is helping students to understand fractional parts by using what she thinks is a commonplace reference. “Today, we’re going to talk about cutting up a Thanksgiving holiday favorite―pumpkin pie.” She continues with an explanation of parts. Well into her discourse, a young African American boy, looking puzzled, asks, “What is pumpkin pie?” Most African Americans are likely to serve sweet potato pie for holiday dinners. In fact, one of the ways that African American parents explain pumpkin pie to their children is to say that it is something like sweet potato pie. For them, sweet potato pie is the common referent. 심지어 호박파이에 대한 낯섦이라는 작은 차이도 그 학생에게는 간섭의 원인으로 작용할 수 있다. [ the / Even / the / can / difference / pie / interference / of / student. / pumpkin / source / as / with / a / slight / unfamiliar / of / being / for / serve ] Rather than be engaged actively in the lesson, he may have been preoccupied with trying to imagine pumpkin pie: What does it taste like? How does it smell? Is its texture chunky like apple or cherry pie? In the mind of a child, all of these questions can become more of the focus than the subject of fractions that the teacher is attempting to teach.

190문항중 일부만 공개합니다. 추가문제는 너른터 직접 방문후 무료이용가능합니다.

by 너른터(www.nernter.com) 공동제작

Answer Sheet